Abundance and Distribution of Odonates (Dragonflies and Damselflies) In Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Introduction: Odonates are used as bio-indicators for monitoring habitat degradation both on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem because of their sensitivity to anthropogenic activities. They serve an important role in the ecological food chain by consuming aquatic larvae and being in turn consumed by birds and various amphibians. This study is part of the ongoing research on the diversity of Odonate species of Nigeria. The objective is to determine the abundance and distribution of odonates in Akwa Ibom State and to compare the species diversity across the various sites in Akwa Ibom State. Methodology: Akwa Ibom state was divided into six areas namely Ikot Akpaden, Obio Akpa, Ikot Okoro, Ikot Udofia, Urua Udofia and Obio Ndot using biotypes and a study site was randomly selected in each area. Adult members were captured using a sweep net and were preserved for identification using morphological features. Results: A total of 767 odonates were collected at the six study sites representing 24 species, 16 genera and four families namely Libellulidae (77%), Coenagrionidae (21%), Calopterygidae (>1%) and Chlorocyphidae (>1%). Most of the species collected were members of family Libellullidae (77%) with Palpopleura lucia having the highest occurrence (41%) and found in all the sites. Family Calopterygidae and Chlorocyphidae had less than 1% population of the total individuals collected. Ikot Okoro had the highest number of individuals (238) and the least evenness (e^H/S=0.3292) while Ikot Akpaden, which had the least effect of anthropogenic intrusion had the largest diversity of Odonata species (H’=2.387). Obio Ndot had the most evenly distributed Odonata species (e^H/S=0.8028). There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of dragonflies across all study sites (p= 0.238). Conclusion: The high occurrence of family Libellulidae which are anthropogenic tolerant, and the absence of more highly localized species indicate that most of the study sites have been degraded and may not be fit for species with narrow niches. It is therefore vital to conserve the Odonata community by implementing proper forest management techniques.

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Investigating the dynamic interactions between supply and demand for rural sanitation, Malawi

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2012.014 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 266-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ben Cole ◽

John Pinfold ◽

Goen Ho ◽

Martin Anda

Keyword(s):

Market Research ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Limited Range ◽

Construction Costs ◽

Dynamic Interactions ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Sanitation Marketing ◽

Study Sites ◽

Key Barrier

Formative market research is the first step in developing evidence-based sanitation marketing programs. In Malawi, the design, implementation and evaluation of rural sanitation marketing programs has been limited. This study applied a mixed methodological approach to examine the dynamic interactions between the supply and demand of sanitation in three rural districts. The supply assessment identified an extremely limited range of latrine options. Sanitation suppliers reported very low household demand for their existing latrine options. An additional constraint reported by suppliers was householders' perception of a hardware subsidy for latrine construction. The demand assessment found a key constraint of constructing an unlined pit latrine was their short time-in-use (11–13 months). Householders expressed despondency at having to consistently rebuild collapsed, unlined pit latrines. For brick-lined latrines, a key barrier was affordability combined with an over-estimation of construction costs. Key motivations to construct brick-lined latrines included product attributes and social drivers. Wide variations in access to income and use of micro-finance organizations were recorded within and across the study sites. Formative market research is an iterative process from which new lines of investigation arise. This study provides information that will provide a foundation for the ongoing research, design, implementation and monitoring of rural sanitation marketing programs in Malawi.

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Effectiveness of Hypnosis in Combination with Conventional Techniques of Behavior Management in Anxiety/Pain Reduction during Dental Anesthetic Infiltration

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2017/1434015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Ramírez-Carrasco ◽

C. Butrón-Téllez Girón ◽

O. Sanchez-Armass ◽

M. Pierdant-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Skin Conductance ◽

Pain Control ◽

Behavior Management ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Conventional Behavior ◽

Behavior Management Techniques ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Objective. Anxiety/pain are experiences that make dental treatment difficult for children, especially during the time of anesthesia. Hypnosis is used in pediatric clinical situations to modify thinking, behavior, and perception as well as, recently, in dentistry; therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hypnosis combined with conventional behavior management techniques during infiltration anesthetic.Methods. Anxiety/pain were assessed with the FLACC scale during the anesthetic moment, as well as heart rate variability and skin conductance before and during the anesthetic moment, between the control and experimental group.Results. A marginal statistical difference (p=0.05) was found in the heart rate between baseline and anesthetic moment, being lower in the hypnosis group. No statistically significant differences were found with the FLACC scale or in the skin conductance (p>0.05).Conclusion. Hypnosis combined with conventional behavior management techniques decreases heart rate during anesthetic infiltration showing that there may be an improvement in anxiety/pain control through hypnotic therapy.

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Relationships between water transparency and abundance of Cynodontidae species in the Bananal floodplain, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/s1679-62252009000200017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cesar Enrique de Melo ◽

Jane Dilvana Lima ◽

Eliete Francisca da Silva

Keyword(s):

Fish Assemblages ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Predatory Fish ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Fish Group ◽

Species Specific ◽

Abundance And Distribution ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Habitat Affinities

The Cerrado in the Central Brazil is currently one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. As a result, the aquatic habitats in this biome also undergo great impacts. Alterations related to land-use change increase sediment loadings in rivers, streams and lakes, resulting in sedimentation and decrease in water transparency. Water transparency determines underwater visibility conditions, and as a consequence fish assemblages respond to spatial and temporal changes in this variable. This work aimed to examine the influence of transparency on the abundance and distribution of Cynodontidae species, a visually oriented predatory fish group. Fish sampling was conducted in 15 sites located between Mortes and Araguaia rivers in the Bananal floodplain, Mato Grosso State. Regression analysis between relative abundance of Cynodontidae (in number of individuals and biomass) and water transparency showed a positive and highly significant correlation, indicating that this group shows species-specific habitat affinities for clearer waters. These results suggest that the increase in water turbidity in this region can affect the patterns of abundance and distribution of the Cynodontidae species, as well as other visually oriented fishes.

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Fish species diversity in headwaters streams of Paraguay and Paraná Basins

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132007000700014 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1033-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yzel Rondon Súarez ◽

Sabrina Bigatão Valério ◽

Karina Keyla Tondado ◽

Alexandro Cezar Florentino ◽

Thiago Rota Alves Felipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Fish Species ◽

Total Species Richness ◽

Paraná Basin ◽

Parana Basin ◽

Number Of Individuals ◽

Total Species ◽

Fish Species Diversity

The influence of spatial, temporal and environmental factors on fish species diversity in headwater streams in Paraguay and Paraná basins, Brazil was examined. A total of 4,605 individuals were sampled, distributed in 60 species. The sampled streams in Paraná basin presented a larger total species richness (42) than Paraguay streams (40). However the estimated richness was larger in Paraguay basin (53) than Paraná streams (50). The streams of Paraná basin had a greater mean species richness and evenness, while more individuals per sample were found in the Paraguay basin. Difference between the sub-basins were found in the Paraguay basin, while for the basin of Paraná, richness and evenness vary significantly between the sub-basins, but the number of individuals varied seasonally. The most important environmental factors to species diversity and abundance were altitude, water temperature, stream width and stream depth for both the basins.

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ESTUDIO DEMOGRÁFICO DE Emilia sonchifolia (ASTERACEAE) EN UNA FINCA CAFETERA DE ARMENIA, QUINDÍO, COLOMBIA

Acta Biológica Colombiana ◽

10.15446/abc.v20n2.41790 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Irene Duarte Gandica ◽

Maryam Chaib de Mares ◽

David Andrés Luna ◽

Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando ◽

Rosa María Méndez Parra

Keyword(s):

Logistic Model ◽

Research Study ◽

Life Stage ◽

Coffee Plantation ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Coffee Farm ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Potential Strategy ◽

Study Sites ◽

Number Of Individuals

Se realizó un estudio con el fin de determinar la estructura demográfica de Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC en una finca cafetera del Municipio de Armenia, Quindío, Colombia, donde se recolectaron datos durante 4 semanas, en tres sitios: exterior, borde e interior del cultivo. Usando parámetros calculados a partir de los datos de campo, se construyó un modelo logístico para describir el comportamiento poblacional en el tiempo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las variables: número de individuos por estado etario en el tiempo, porcentaje de mortalidad, tiempo de cambio del estado plántula a juvenil y de juvenil a adulto, número de hojas y de ramas; no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la densidad poblacional, número de inflorescencias e infrutescencias en los sitios de estudio. En general, se puede atribuir este comportamiento a la estrategia de reproducción r que sigue E. sonchifolia. Finalmente, las simulaciones hechas a partir del modelo logístico sugieren que la especie tiende a desaparecer si alguno de los estados etarios no está presente inicialmente; así, una alternativa plausible para el control sería su eliminación en el estado juvenil. Los resultados ofrecen alternativas con respecto al manejo de poblaciones de arvenses.ABSTRACTA research study was conducted to determine the demographic structure of Emilia sonchifolia L. in a coffee plantation in Armenia, Quindío, Colombia. Data were collected over a period of four weeks on three sites: inside, at the border and outside a coffee farm. A logistic population model was built to describe the population behavior of E. sonchifolia over time. Statiscally significant differences were found between: number of individuals per life stage in time, mortality rate, transition time from seedling to juvenile and from juvenile to adult; and number of leaves and branches. There was no evidence for statistically significant differences in population density or in number of inflorescences and fruits between study sites. In general, the observed behavior may be attributed to the r strategy used by this species. Finally, our results suggest the survival of the species is conditioned by the presence of all life stages at the beginning of each simulation based on the logistic model; so, a potential strategy for its controlling would require the removal during the juvenile stage. The considerations offer alternatives regarding weed population management.

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ANALISIS VEGETASI DI PULAU BINTAN, KEPULAUAN RIAU

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i3.3715 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Bayu Arief Pratama ◽

Edi Mirmanto

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Small Islands ◽

Vegetation Analysis ◽

Strong Relation ◽

Study Sites ◽

Riau Archipelago ◽

Common Tree

Ecological study with special attention to vegetation analysis has been done in the Bintan forest area, Riau Archipelago. Based on three sampling plots of 30 × 30 m, there were 73 tree (dbh ≥ 5 cm) species were recorded, belong to 64 genera and 32 families. The density is fairly high (1,485 individuals /ha) with total basal area relatively low (27.71 m2/ha). Its indicates that most of trees are small size. Similarity index among study sites are relatively low (< 25 %), indicates that there is strong relation between habitat and species composition. Out of the 6 most common tree species in the study area, only Dipterocarpus gracillis was dominant in 2 study sites. Overall species diversity is relatively low, which is characteristic of forest vegetation on small islands.

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Zooplankton in seagrass and adjacent non-seagrass habitats in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia

Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture (BJoMSA) ◽

10.51200/bjomsa.v4i1.1747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 6-13

Author(s):

Sing Lui Lo ◽

Tzuen Kiat Yap ◽

Cheng Ann Chen ◽

Teruaki Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variables ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Structural Complexity ◽

Zooplankton Community ◽

Small Scale ◽

Zooplankton Abundance ◽

Seagrass Bed ◽

Seagrass Meadows ◽

Marine Park ◽

Study Sites

A comparison of zooplankton abundance and community in the seagrass and non-seagrass areas of Limau-limauan and Bak- Bak waters within the newly established Tun Mustapha Marine Park was made during 15-17 May 2017. Samples were collected via horizontal tow of a 140 μm plankton net. Environmental variables (temperature, salinity, DO, pH, turbidity) showed no significant differences among the study sites. However, zooplankton showed increasing abundance from non-seagrass, seagrass edge, to seagrass areas at Limau-limauan, while abundance values were comparable among the stations at Bak-bak. Overall zooplankton abundance was significantly higher at the seagrass areas relative to the non-seagrass station at Limau-limauan (p < 0.005), while no statistical difference was found at Bak-Bak (p < 0.21). Mean canopy height was 3-fold higher (p < 0.001) at Limau-limauan than Bak-Bak, suggesting the importance of seagrass bed structural complexity in habitat preference for zooplankton. Cluster analysis revealed the zooplankton community from the seagrass area at Limau-limauan was different from that at seagrass edge and non-seagrass areas, which may be attributed to the influence of seagrass meadows in forming characteristic zooplankton compositions. Marked differences in zooplankton composition and abundance even in close vicinity of sites suggest the importance of local small-scale variations in seagrass habitats in shaping the zooplankton community.

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The The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

ZAHLUL IKHSAN ◽

HIDRAYANI ◽

YAHERWANDI ◽

HASMIANDY HAMID

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Rice Field ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Human Life ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Pitfall Trap ◽

Vital Role ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Ikhsan Z, Hidrayani, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2020. The diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera insects on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1020-1026. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest insect orders and it plays a vital role in human life as pollinators, parasitoids, and predators. Hymenoptera parasitoids are particularly important as agents of biological control of pest. The objective of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera on tidal swamp rice field in Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia. Samplings were conducted in 3 sub-districts of rice production centers, namely Batang Tuaka, Keritang and Reteh, using four trapping techniques (i.e. insect net, malaise trap, pitfall trap, and yellow pan trap). Shannon diversity index (H '), Krebs evenness index (E), and Jaccard similarity index (Is) were calculated. We found 4,701 individuals consisting of 39 families and 319 species of Hymenoptera at the three studied areas. Tidal swamp rice in Indragiri Hilir District had a high species diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoids and Hymenoptera predators, but a moderate species diversity of Hymenoptera pollinators. Species diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoids and predators were higher in Keritang than in Batang Tuaka and Reteh. The families of Formicidae, Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, and Scelionidae had the highest number of species, while Formicidae, Scelionidae, Diapriidae, and Braconidae had the highest number of individuals. Based on these findings, the abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera insects in Indragiri Hilir District have the potentials to be developed as biological agents to control pests on tidal swamp rice in this area.

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Floral diversity assessment of the buffer zones and vicinity of the Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS), Davao Oriental: basis for inclusion to protected area zone

10.26757/pjsb.2018b12004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Protected Area ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Floral Diversity ◽

Diversity Assessment ◽

Study Support ◽

Study Sites ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Sampling Plot ◽

Ferns And Lycophytes

In 2016, municipal ordinances to expand the protected area of the MHRWS were issued with the aim of protecting and preserving the remaining biodiversity of the buffer zones and to strengthen the core zone. The municipal ordinances however, have limitations and do not guarantee legal promulgation. Hence, this study is on the gathering of complete and concrete floral data so that these expansion sites will become part of the protected area and encompassed in legal promulgations. Botanical fieldworks conducted from Oct to Dec 2017 were carried out in five study sites of the MHRWS expansion sites using 40 20 x 20 m sampling plot with a distance of 20 m between plots and opportunistic transect walk techniques. The study disclosed 228 taxa of plants, of these, 74 species were ferns and lycophytes, 6 species of gymnosperms, 30 species of herbs and vines and 118 species were trees and shrubs. There were three new records of ferns and lycophytes increasing the number of species to 155. There are 13 (5.7%) threatened species, 22 (9.6%) and endemic species. Findings suggest that species in each site are unique and maybe attributed to the vegetation present, elevation variations of the different sampling sites and anthropogenic activities. The proposed expansion sites harbor diverse threatened and plants deserving protection and conservation efforts. Results of this study support the contention that the expansion sites, which are included in the municipal ordinances, be part of the official protected area.

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Comparison of beach profiles conducive for turtle nesting in Andaman

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.3373.10.10.12337-12343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 12337-12343

Author(s):

Subramanian Narayani ◽

Sasidharan Venu ◽

Andrea Joan D'Silva

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Vegetation Patterns ◽

Long Beach ◽

Single Factor ◽

High Slope ◽

Beach Slope ◽

Nesting Site ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

Study Sites

The present study was undertaken to compare beach characteristics associated with turtle nesting in the Andaman group of islands. Karmatang, Kalipur, Ramnagar, Chidiyatapu, Carbyn’s Cove, and Wandoor were chosen as study sites. Beach slope, sand grain characteristics, and general vegetation patterns were analysed. The angle of inclination of the beach slope ranged from 2.06 to 8.3 degrees. Beaches with a higher angle had a comparatively higher number of nesting sites. The study shows that a single factor does not make a beach more conducive for nesting. Chidiyatapu has the widest beach but lacks other features and so it is not a preferred nesting site. The grain size of sand in Wandoor is highly favourable, but the intertidal region is not long and there are streams that can drown the nests. Karmatang has a long beach and a higher slope angle. Ramnagar has a moderate beach length and a high slope angle. The dominant grains at both the beaches were found to be granules. The absence of streams and artificial light, fewer number of anthropogenic activities, lack of obstacles, the presence of bordering vegetation, and a conducive beach slope with granular sand grains make Ramnagar, Karmatang, and Kalipur ideal for turtle nesting.

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