scholarly journals Cybersecurity of Railway Network Management and Partitioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (189) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Jan Procházka ◽  
Petr Novobilsky ◽  
Dana Procházkova
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Assurance ◽  
Cyberphysical System

The railway transport infrastructure ensures the transfer of large numbers of people and cargo every day. The importance of the railway in terms of ensuring the serviceability of the territory makes it a critical infrastructure. We can observe the development of the use of IT technologies on railway, as in all areas of the human system. The management of the railway as a physical system needs to be superseded by management of the railway as a cyberphysical system. The railway infra-structure has a large area of attack in both, physical space and cyber space. Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) can meet the high system security requirements. The MILS is a high-assurance security architecture based on the concepts of separation and controlled information flow. The article discusses the possibilities of using the MILS platform in the data communication system and the control system of the railway. Keywords: Cyber Physical Systems, Critical Infrastructures, Multiple Independent Levels of Security

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

scholarly journals Assumptions of CPTED theory immunization in the critical infrastructure of the airport

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Tyburska
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Use Of Services ◽  
Fast Transport ◽  
Airport Infrastructure ◽  
Prevention Of Crime ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Terrorist acts are typical threats that provoke a crisis of considerable size not only in the country but also in the countries or regions. Terrorist interest will always be aroused by elements of state infrastructure, which are defined as essential for the daily functioning of people and public administration. Airports serving people and providing fast transport of goods are of particular interest to modern terrorists. Terrorist attacks targeting the airport infrastructure can cause both their destruction and damage, as well as initiate breakdowns that result in not only huge material losses, but significant deaths and damage to a substantial number of people. As a consequence, they may cause insecurity, panic and abandon the use of services guaranteed by carriers and airports. Developing real and effective protection plans, based on the results of research and analysis and good practice - allows for effective protection of a key airport area and, in a crisis situation, to minimize costs resulting from an attack. The Crime Prevention Trough Environmental Design (CPTED) concept of prevention of crime by shaping space focuses on physical space as an important factor influencing criminal behavior. This space is connected in various ways with the criminal act. The theory of shaping safe spaces assumes that criminals make a rational choice of purpose, and their decisions are supported by an analysis of the conditions existing in a given space (risk analysis). Their choice applies to both the places they prefer as the crime scene and the areas they avoid. The aim of the article is to present elements of the CPTED concept, which may be adopted in the protection of airport infrastructure

scholarly journals Shaping the Common Ground: State-Building, the Railway Network, and Regional Development in Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The Common ◽  
Municipal Level

Transport infrastructure played a key role in redefining Finland’s economic geography. An empirical investigation involving new gis databases that combine data about railways, population, and administrative boundaries at the municipal level between 1870 and 2000 permits the identification of three main phases of railway expansion: The first phase was a concentration of railways around Helsinki; the second, the construction of a grid-based national railway network, which coincided with a spread of the population into rural areas; and the third, an expansion of the railway into local networks when Finland’s industry began to coalesce around metropolitan areas.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Broker-ABE Scheme for Multiple Cloud-Assisted Cyber Physical Systems

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Wen Chi ◽  
Ming-Hung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Physical Systems

Cloud-assisted cyber–physical systems (CCPSs) integrate the physical space with cloud computing. To do so, sensors on the field collect real-life data and forward it to clouds for further data analysis and decision-making. Since multiple services may be accessed at the same time, sensor data should be forwarded to different cloud service providers (CSPs). In this scenario, attribute-based encryption (ABE) is an appropriate technique for securing data communication between sensors and clouds. Each cloud has its own attributes and a broker can determine which cloud is authorized to access data by the requirements set at the time of encryption. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving broker-ABE scheme for multiple CCPSs (MCCPS). The ABE separates the policy embedding job from the ABE task. To ease the computational burden of the sensors, this scheme leaves the policy embedding task to the broker, which is generally more powerful than the sensors. Moreover, the proposed scheme provides a way for CSPs to protect data privacy from outside coercion.

scholarly journals Impact and Key Challenges of Insider Threats on Organizations and Critical Businesses

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Neetesh Saxena ◽  
Emma Hayes ◽  
Elisa Bertino ◽  
Patrick Ojo ◽  
Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insider Threat ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Insider Threats ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The insider threat has consistently been identified as a key threat to organizations and governments. Understanding the nature of insider threats and the related threat landscape can help in forming mitigation strategies, including non-technical means. In this paper, we survey and highlight challenges associated with the identification and detection of insider threats in both public and private sector organizations, especially those part of a nation’s critical infrastructure. We explore the utility of the cyber kill chain to understand insider threats, as well as understanding the underpinning human behavior and psychological factors. The existing defense techniques are discussed and critically analyzed, and improvements are suggested, in line with the current state-of-the-art cyber security requirements. Finally, open problems related to the insider threat are identified and future research directions are discussed.

VoLTE Performance in Railway Scenarios

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Sniady ◽  
Morten Sønderskov ◽  
José Soler
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Emergency Call ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Voice Communication ◽  
Voice Transmission ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Train Control ◽  
3Gpp Long Term Evolution

GSM-Railways (GSM-R) is the current standard for railway voice and data communication. GSM-R provides railway specific voice services, such as Railway Emergency Call (REC). GSM-R provides also the European Train Control System (ETCS), which offers in-cab signaling and Automatic Train Protection (ATP). Despite these features and services, GSM-R has various major shortcomings. Therefore, alternative technologies are considered to replace GSM-R and become the next generation railway mobile communication network. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a likely candidate for GSM-R replacement. LTE is more efficient, flexible and offers much higher capacity, which allows the railway network to provide new communication-based applications for railways. Most of the research on LTE in railways has been focused on data-based railway applications (ETCS signaling and other). Nevertheless, voice communication is still a crucial service for railways. Regardless of its advantages, LTE can only become a railway communication technology if it provides voice communication fulfilling railway requirements. This paper presents how Voice over LTE (VoLTE) can be used to build railway communication services. Examples of Railway Emergency Call and One-to-One Call are provided. Service performance, in terms of call setup times and voice transmission quality, is analyzed in simulation scenarios modelling two railway scenarios in Denmark.

scholarly journals Investment Risk Management and Economic Aspects of Transport Infrastructure Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Gintautas Labanauskas ◽  
Ramūnas Palšaitis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Multiple Indicators

Investment Risk Management and Economic Aspects of Transport Infrastructure Development The major causes of investment riskiness into transport infrastructure relate to international economy instability, lack of clearly defined and accurate information on the overall processes of international intermodal transportation, absence of objective information due to inconsequent market research as regards interpretation of economic, political and other aspects. Assessment of objective integrated investments into public transport sector as a very specific branch of economy should necessarily be evaluated as multiple indicators affecting different spheres of community, and the final solution should be drawn when all multi-criteria indicators are well appraised. Economy based grounding of the optimal choice from all possible variants when solving specific tasks of the transport sector, depends on the economic expediency of the constructed subject. The main factors of effective usage of investments become apparent in the process of solving the task of road or railway network development optimisation.

Tele-Operated Mobile Robot for 3D Visual Inspection Utilizing Distributed Operating System Platform

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.H. Achmad ◽  
G. Priyandoko ◽  
R. Roali ◽  
M.R. Daud
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
The Way

This research examines how humans work with tele-operated unmanned mobile robots to perform interaction to do the inspection in industrial plant area to produce a 3D map for further critical evaluation. This experiment focuses on two parts, the way human-robot doing the remote interactions using robust method and the way robot perceives its surrounding environment as a 3D perspective map. Robot operating system (ROS) as a tool was utilized in the development and implementation of this research which comes up with robust data communication method in the form of messages and topics. RGBD simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) performs the visual odometry and mapping function simultaneously to construct 3D map using Kinect sensor. The results showed that the mobile robot-based tele-operated system utilizing RGBD SLAM for 3D inspection task under ROS environment are successful in extending human perspective in term of remote surveillance in the large area of the industrial plant.

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