scholarly journals Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Taghikhani
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Far Field ◽  
High Data ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Nonlinear Distortions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming ◽  
Active Impedance

<div>Hybrid digital and analog beamforming is an</div><div>emerging technique for high-data-rate communication at</div><div>millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Experimental evaluation</div><div>of such techniques is challenging, time-consuming, and costly.</div><div>This article presents a hardware-oriented modeling method for</div><div>predicting the performance of an mm-wave hybrid beamforming</div><div>transmitter. The proposed method considers the effect of active</div><div>circuit nonlinearity as well as the coupling and mismatch in the</div><div>antenna array. It also provides a comprehensive prediction of</div><div>radiation patterns and far-field signal distortions. Furthermore,</div><div>it predicts the antenna input active impedance, considering</div><div>the effect of active circuit load-dependent characteristics. The</div><div>method is experimentally verified by a 29-GHz beamforming</div><div>subarray module comprising an analog beamforming integrated</div><div>circuit (IC) and a 2 × 2 subarray microstrip patch antenna.</div><div>The measurement results present good agreement with the</div><div>predicted ones for a wide range of beam-steering angles. As a</div><div>use case of the model, far-field nonlinear distortions for different</div><div>antenna array configurations are studied. The demonstration</div><div>shows that the variation of nonlinear distortion versus steering</div><div>angle depends significantly on the array configuration and beam</div><div>direction. Moreover, the results illustrate the importance of</div><div>considering the joint operation of beamforming ICs, antenna</div><div>array, and linearization in the design of mm-wave beamforming</div><div>transmitters.</div>

scholarly journals Hybrid Beamforming Transmitter Modeling for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Taghikhani
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Far Field ◽  
High Data ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Nonlinear Distortions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming ◽  
Active Impedance

<div>Hybrid digital and analog beamforming is an</div><div>emerging technique for high-data-rate communication at</div><div>millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Experimental evaluation</div><div>of such techniques is challenging, time-consuming, and costly.</div><div>This article presents a hardware-oriented modeling method for</div><div>predicting the performance of an mm-wave hybrid beamforming</div><div>transmitter. The proposed method considers the effect of active</div><div>circuit nonlinearity as well as the coupling and mismatch in the</div><div>antenna array. It also provides a comprehensive prediction of</div><div>radiation patterns and far-field signal distortions. Furthermore,</div><div>it predicts the antenna input active impedance, considering</div><div>the effect of active circuit load-dependent characteristics. The</div><div>method is experimentally verified by a 29-GHz beamforming</div><div>subarray module comprising an analog beamforming integrated</div><div>circuit (IC) and a 2 × 2 subarray microstrip patch antenna.</div><div>The measurement results present good agreement with the</div><div>predicted ones for a wide range of beam-steering angles. As a</div><div>use case of the model, far-field nonlinear distortions for different</div><div>antenna array configurations are studied. The demonstration</div><div>shows that the variation of nonlinear distortion versus steering</div><div>angle depends significantly on the array configuration and beam</div><div>direction. Moreover, the results illustrate the importance of</div><div>considering the joint operation of beamforming ICs, antenna</div><div>array, and linearization in the design of mm-wave beamforming</div><div>transmitters.</div>

scholarly journals Forward Transformation from Reactive Near-Field to Near and Far-Field at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4780
Author(s):  
Serge Pfeifer ◽  
Arya Fallahi ◽  
Jingtian Xi ◽  
Esra Neufeld ◽  
Niels Kuster
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Phase Reconstruction ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Wide Range

With the advent of 5G mobile communications at millimeter-wave frequencies, the assessment of the maximum averaged power density on numerous surfaces close to the transmitter will become a requirement. This makes phasor knowledge about the electric and magnetic fields an inevitable requirement. To avoid the burdensome measurement of these field quantities in the entire volume of interest, phase reconstruction algorithms from measurements over a plane in the far-field region are being extensively developed. In this paper, we extended the previously developed method of phase reconstruction to evaluate the near and far-field of sources with bounded uncertainty, which is robust with respect to noisy data and optimized for a minimal number of measurement points at a distance as close as λ /5 from the source. The proposed procedure takes advantage of field integral equations and electric field measurements with the EUmmWVx probe to evaluate the field phasors close to the radiation source and subsequently obtain the field values in the whole region of interest with minimal computation and measurement costs. The main constraints are the maximal noise level regarding the peak electric field and measurement plane size with respect to the percentage of transmitted power content. The measurement of a third plane overcomes some of the noise issues. The method was evaluated by simulations of a wide range of antennas at different noise levels and at different distances and by measurements of four different antennas. A successful reconstruction in the near and far-field was achieved both qualitatively and quantitatively for distances between 2.5–150 mm from the antenna and noise levels of −24 dB from the peak. The deviation of reconstruction from the simulation reference for the peak spatial-average power density with an averaging area of 1 cm 2 was, in all cases, well within the uncertainty budget of 0.6 dB, if the reconstruction planes captured >95% of the total radiated power. The proposed new method is very promising for compliance assessment and can reduce test time considerably.

scholarly journals Planar Array Diagnostic Tool for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication Systems

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole Famoriji ◽  
Zhongxiang Zhang ◽  
Akinwale Fadamiro ◽  
Rabiu Zakariyya ◽  
Fujiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Sensing ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Planar Array

In this paper, a diagnostic tool or procedure based on Bayesian compressive sensing (BCS) is proposed for identification of failed element(s) which manifest in millimeter-wave planar antenna arrays. With adequate a priori knowledge of the reference antenna array radiation pattern, a diagnostic problem of faulty elements was formulated. Sparse recovery algorithms, including total variation (TV), mixed ℓ 1 / ℓ 2 norm, and minimization of the ℓ 1 , are readily available in the literature, and were used to diagnose the array under test (AUT) from measurement points, consequently providing faster and better diagnostic schemes than the traditional mechanisms, such as the back propagation algorithm, matrix method algorithm, etc. However, these approaches exhibit some drawbacks in terms of effectiveness and reliability in noisy data, and a large number of measurement data points. To overcome these problems, a methodology based on BCS was adapted in this paper. From far-field radiation pattern samples, planar array diagnosis was formulated as a sparse signal recovery problem where BCS was applied to recover the locations of the faults using relevance vector machine (RVM). The resulted BCS approach was validated through simulations and experiments to provide suitable guidelines for users, as well as insight into the features and potential of the proposed procedure. A Ka-band ( 28.9   GHz ) 10 × 10 rectangular microstrip patch antenna array that emulates failure with zero excitation was designed for far-field measurements in an anechoic chamber. Both simulated and measured far-field samples were used to test the proposed approach. The proposed technique is demonstrated to detect diagnostic problems with fewer measurements provided the prior knowledge of the array radiation pattern is known, and the number of faults is relatively smaller than the array size. The effectiveness and reliability of the technique is verified experimentally and via simulation. In addition to a faster diagnosis and better reconstruction accuracy, the BCS-based technique shows more robustness to additive noisy data compared to other compressive sensing methods. The proposed procedure can be applied to next-generation transceivers, aerospace systems, radar systems, and other communication systems.

scholarly journals Planar Antenna Array Hybrid Beamforming for SDMA in Millimeter Wave WPAN

10.5772/9478 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sau Hsuan Wu ◽  
Lin-Kai Chiu ◽  
Ko-Yen Lin ◽  
Ming-Chen Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Planar Antenna ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming ◽  
Planar Antenna Array

scholarly journals Conformal antenna array for millimeter-wave communications: performance evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Semkin ◽  
A. Bisognin ◽  
M. Kyrö ◽  
V-M. Kolmonen ◽  
C. Luxey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Conformal Antenna ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Millimeter Wave Antenna ◽  
Array Structures

In this paper, we study the influence of the radius of a cylindrical supporting structure on radiation properties of a conformal millimeter-wave antenna array. Bent antenna array structures on cylindrical surfaces may have important applications in future mobile devices. Small radii may be needed if the antenna is printed on the edges of mobile devices and in items which human beings are wearing, such as wrist watches, bracelets, and rings. The antenna under study consists of four linear series-fed arrays of four patch elements and is operating at 58.8 GHz with linear polarization. The antenna array is fabricated on polytetrafluoroethylene substrate with thickness of 127 µm due to its good plasticity properties, and low losses. Results for both planar and conformal antenna arrays show rather good agreement between simulation and measurements. The results show that conformal antenna structures allow achieving large angular coverage and may allow beam-steering implementations if switches are used to select between different arrays around a cylindrical supporting structure.

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