scholarly journals Ineguaglianze economiche. Le certezze e le incertezze

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Paolo Malanima
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The aim of the opening speech is to present the most discussed issues in relation to inequality in personal distribution of income and wealth. In particular, it first examines the current trends in economic inequality (§ 1-4). Overall, some certainty has been achieved on these trends over the last century. In a second part of this opening speech (§ 5-7), some knowledge we have about pre-modern inequalities is summarized. In this regard, uncertainties are much more numerous than certainties.

Indicators of income and property inequality of citizens in the study and regulation of the country social development

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
E. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated the problems of poverty and socio-economic inequality and has increased the need to provide a comprehensive assessment of these phenomena in order to develop ways to reduce them. Currently, monetary and non-monetary methods are used to assess the level of inequality. Thus, in order to provide a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of inequality in the distribution of income and property security of the population, and with an emphasis on the qualitative side of the processes, according to the author, methods that are not related to monetary ones should also be used, including, in particular, indicators of deprivation, as well as subjective assessments.

scholarly journals Income inequality and religion globally 1970–2050

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 175-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Age And Sex

Economic inequality is a paramount issue for the future of global affairs and interreligious relations. This study contributes to the field by providing the first ever estimates of global inequality by religion. We combine estimations and projections of religious compositions and distribution of income by age and sex across the world between 1970 and 2050. Understanding economic inequality from a religious dimension can contribute to decreasing tension, creating targeted pol-icies and reducing the risks of social upheaval and conflict. We find that in societies with higher proportions of religiously unaffiliated populations, income distribution is more equal than in religious ones. We also describe the inequality of distribution of income within religious groups and find that Christian and Jewish societies tend to be the most unequal, while inequality has risen substantially across all societies, concomitant with strong economic growth. Societies formed of Muslim, Hindu and unaffiliated populations are among the more equal ones. Muslim societies have experienced the highest rise in income inequality of all religions since 1990.

scholarly journals ЕКОНОМСКО-ТЕОРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТИ И АКТУЕЛНЕ ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ ПРОБЛЕМА НЕРАВНОМЕРНЕ РАСПОДЕЛЕ ДОХОТКА

TEME ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Dragan Petrović ◽  
Zoran D Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The paper analyzes the key aspects of economic inequality in the light of conflicting attitudes and arguments of various theoretical and methodological concepts. The conclusions of the empirical studies are outlined and indicate that economic growth is threatened in the conditions of escalation of inequality and the resultant undermining of the stability and efficiency of the economic and institutional system. On the other hand, we also evaluate the findings of those surveys showing that a strong redistribution of income leads to the reduction of the rate of economic growth, emphasizing that inequality is an important feature of the market economy. At the same time, we identify objective difficulties and the causes of insufficiently relevant understanding of problems related to uneven distribution of income, and the key dilemmas regarding the scientific evaluation of the implications of economic inequality are analyzed. It is pointed out that there is a need to distance the academic community from presenting empirically unfounded observations and unjustified exaggerations, as well as underestimating the economic and social challenges of solving the problem of uneven distribution of income. In this context, the results of the researches of economic inequality in the Republic of Serbia were analyzed, with reference to the role, position and orientation of the state in terms of designing and implementing measures aimed at mitigating its consequences on the economy and society.

scholarly journals Inequality - what can be done?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Aktinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Economic inequality has become centre stage in the political debate, but what the political leaders have not said is what they would do about it. There are repeated calls for equitable growth but little clue as to how this is to be achieved. In this Working Paper, I seek to show what could be done to reduce the extent of inequality if we are serious about that objective. I draw on the lessons of history, and take a fresh look - through distributional eyes - at the underlying economics. I identify ambitious new policies in five areas - technology , employment, social security, the sharing of capital, and taxation - that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income towards less inequality.

scholarly journals Inequality and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (159) ◽  
pp. 21-61
Author(s):  
Biljana Jovanovic-Gavrilovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Inequality can be analyzed from various aspects. In this paper our attention is drawn to economic inequality, most frequently manifested through income and wealth. The measurement of economic inequality is a complex task. The Lorenz curve and a number of numerical indices are applied, and let us mention the following ones: the Gini coefficient, the coefficient of variation, the Theil index and the Atkinson measure. These indices do satisfy the criteria (principles) presenting, according to general consent an appropriate measure of economic inequality: anonymity (symmetry) principle, population principle, relative income principle and the Dalton principle of transfer. In recent times, the problem of inequality has been attracting a lot of attention. The explanation should be sought in the widening of income differences (within individual countries and between them) and also in new knowledge about the relationship between inequality and development. The attitude to inequality being determined mainly by the economic development level (as presented in the Kuznets hypothesis) is gradually being replaced by the attitude to inequality being the determinant of income and its growth. Contrary to previous beliefs about the stronger income inequalities being favorable to the economic growth, more recent research has pointed to the fact that a more equal distribution of income through various channels, can possibly act as an efficient stimulus of growth.

scholarly journals Economic inequality in Germany, 1500-1800

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-324
Author(s):  
Ulrich Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Relative Factor ◽  
Agrarian Institutions

The chapter reviews existing evidence regarding four aspects of economic inequality: relative factor rents, which relate to the factorial distribution of income and also underlie the so-called Williamson index (y/wus), which is correlated with the Gini index of household income; real inequality in terms of opposite movements of the price of consumer baskets consumed by different strata of society; the inequality of pay according to gender and skill, as well as between town and countryside; and wealth inequality, particularly with respect to the access to land. The main result is that, with given technology and agrarian institutions, there is a positive correlation between population and inequality.

The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 61-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Scheidel ◽  
Steven J. Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Different methods of estimating the Gross Domestic Product of the Roman Empire in the second century C.E. produce convergent results that point to total output and consumption equivalent to 50 million tons of wheat or close to 20 billion sesterces per year. It is estimated that élites (around 1.5 per cent of the imperial population) controlled approximately one-fifth of total income, while middling households (perhaps 10 per cent of the population) consumed another fifth. These findings shed new light on the scale of economic inequality and the distribution of demand in the Roman world.

Why Does Inequality Matter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Demands for equality can seem puzzling, because it can be unclear what reason people have for objecting to the difference between what they have and what others have, as opposed simply to wanting to be better off. This book examines six objections to inequality: unequal concern, unequal status, lack of equality of opportunity, excessive control by the rich over those who have less, interference with political equality, and unfairness in the distribution of income. The aim of the book is to provide a moral anatomy of these six reasons and the ideas of equality that they involve. It also examines objections to the pursuit of equality on the grounds that it involves unacceptable interference with individual liberty, and argues that ideas of desert do not provide a basis either for justifying significant economic inequality or for objecting to it.

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