Indicators of income and property inequality of citizens in the study and regulation of the country social development

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
E. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated the problems of poverty and socio-economic inequality and has increased the need to provide a comprehensive assessment of these phenomena in order to develop ways to reduce them. Currently, monetary and non-monetary methods are used to assess the level of inequality. Thus, in order to provide a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of inequality in the distribution of income and property security of the population, and with an emphasis on the qualitative side of the processes, according to the author, methods that are not related to monetary ones should also be used, including, in particular, indicators of deprivation, as well as subjective assessments.

scholarly journals Human Capital Accumulation and the Evolution of Overconfidence

Games ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Luis Santos-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Chess Players ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper studies the evolution of overconfidence over a cohort’s working life. To do this, the paper incorporates subjective assessments into a continuous time human capital accumulation model with a finite horizon. The main finding is that the processes of human capital accumulation, skill depreciation, and subjective assessments imply that overconfidence first increases and then decreases over the cohort’s working life. In the absence of skill depreciation, overconfidence monotonically increases over the cohort’s working life. The model generates four additional testable predictions. First, everything else equal, overconfidence peaks earlier in activities where skill depreciation is higher. Second, overconfidence is lower in activities where the distribution of income is more dispersed. Third, for a minority of individuals, overconfidence decreases over their working life. Fourth, overconfidence is lower with a higher market discount rate. The paper provides two applications of the model. It shows the model can help make sense of field data on overconfidence, experience, and trading activity in financial markets. The model can also explain experimental data on the evolution of overconfidence among poker and chess players.

scholarly journals Ineguaglianze economiche. Le certezze e le incertezze

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Paolo Malanima
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The aim of the opening speech is to present the most discussed issues in relation to inequality in personal distribution of income and wealth. In particular, it first examines the current trends in economic inequality (§ 1-4). Overall, some certainty has been achieved on these trends over the last century. In a second part of this opening speech (§ 5-7), some knowledge we have about pre-modern inequalities is summarized. In this regard, uncertainties are much more numerous than certainties.

World trends in the distribution of national incomes and problems of economic and social development

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Klinov ◽  
A. A. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The authors have analyzed trends of ever-growing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth in major national and world economies over the last 40 years. The prospects of further increase in the unequal distribution of national incomes are fraught with far-reaching social, political and economic upheavals. The prospects of this kind are highly possible because of the trend to decrease the rates of income taxes (coerced by global competition) that leads to unequal national income distribution. The authors elaborate patterns of possible changes in fiscal policy that could serve for better quality of life for all strata of the population despite unequal distribution of national incomes.

scholarly journals Income inequality and religion globally 1970–2050

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 175-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Age And Sex

Economic inequality is a paramount issue for the future of global affairs and interreligious relations. This study contributes to the field by providing the first ever estimates of global inequality by religion. We combine estimations and projections of religious compositions and distribution of income by age and sex across the world between 1970 and 2050. Understanding economic inequality from a religious dimension can contribute to decreasing tension, creating targeted pol-icies and reducing the risks of social upheaval and conflict. We find that in societies with higher proportions of religiously unaffiliated populations, income distribution is more equal than in religious ones. We also describe the inequality of distribution of income within religious groups and find that Christian and Jewish societies tend to be the most unequal, while inequality has risen substantially across all societies, concomitant with strong economic growth. Societies formed of Muslim, Hindu and unaffiliated populations are among the more equal ones. Muslim societies have experienced the highest rise in income inequality of all religions since 1990.

scholarly journals Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Cultural Legitimacy ◽  
New Research ◽  
Industrial Societies

In contrast to the debates of the past, which focused mainly on income inequality and the related elements of injustice, the recent interest in economic inequality focuses on its effects on economic growth and social development. New research is an important element of these recent debates: a historical approach that contextualizes inequality with reference to social relations, institutions, access to power and its cultural legitimacy can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to inequality and its effects.

scholarly journals ЕКОНОМСКО-ТЕОРИЈСКИ АСПЕКТИ И АКТУЕЛНЕ ИМПЛИКАЦИЈЕ ПРОБЛЕМА НЕРАВНОМЕРНЕ РАСПОДЕЛЕ ДОХОТКА

TEME ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Dragan Petrović ◽  
Zoran D Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The paper analyzes the key aspects of economic inequality in the light of conflicting attitudes and arguments of various theoretical and methodological concepts. The conclusions of the empirical studies are outlined and indicate that economic growth is threatened in the conditions of escalation of inequality and the resultant undermining of the stability and efficiency of the economic and institutional system. On the other hand, we also evaluate the findings of those surveys showing that a strong redistribution of income leads to the reduction of the rate of economic growth, emphasizing that inequality is an important feature of the market economy. At the same time, we identify objective difficulties and the causes of insufficiently relevant understanding of problems related to uneven distribution of income, and the key dilemmas regarding the scientific evaluation of the implications of economic inequality are analyzed. It is pointed out that there is a need to distance the academic community from presenting empirically unfounded observations and unjustified exaggerations, as well as underestimating the economic and social challenges of solving the problem of uneven distribution of income. In this context, the results of the researches of economic inequality in the Republic of Serbia were analyzed, with reference to the role, position and orientation of the state in terms of designing and implementing measures aimed at mitigating its consequences on the economy and society.

National Level Infrastructure Condition Assessment: Principles and Metrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1622-1627
Author(s):  
Yu Jie Lu ◽  
Shao Hua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Practical Guideline ◽  
The Status ◽  
Assessment Metrics

Infrastructure provides the key facilities to the nation’s economic prosperity, public safety and security, and social development. To improve the physical condition of infrastructure, the status of a nation’s infrastructure should be continuously and properly evaluation. This study discusses the principles of national level infrastructure condition assessment, and then proposes a comprehensive assessment metrics in fifteen infrastructure objectives. The result provides a practical guideline by which a nation can conduct a viable infrastructure assessment.

scholarly journals Inequality - what can be done?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Aktinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Economic inequality has become centre stage in the political debate, but what the political leaders have not said is what they would do about it. There are repeated calls for equitable growth but little clue as to how this is to be achieved. In this Working Paper, I seek to show what could be done to reduce the extent of inequality if we are serious about that objective. I draw on the lessons of history, and take a fresh look - through distributional eyes - at the underlying economics. I identify ambitious new policies in five areas - technology , employment, social security, the sharing of capital, and taxation - that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income towards less inequality.

scholarly journals Modelling the Prospects of Economic Growth and Social Development: Results of Circular Flow Planning Models Applied to Pakistan1980-1993

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-626
Author(s):  
S. I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Activity Models ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper presents for Pakistan an analysis of the country's recent economic growth and social development, and medium term prospects covering the period of the Seventh Plan. The meaning of economic growth is self-evident. In contrast, by social development we shall mean the pace of progress as regards the distribution of income, the satisfaction of essential needs, balanced development and employment of human resources. The paper has two purposes (i) to provide valuable information for policy making in the area of growth and development, and (ii) to demonstrate the attractiveness and usefulness of working with the models we have developed. We shall rely exclusively on the results obtained from the planning models which were developed in collaboration with the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad and Erasmus University, Rotterdam Netherlands. Most of the past models which were developed for Pakistan served analytical purposes, were demonstrative in nature or were not updated. As a result, they are practically irrelevant for today's appraisal of future prospects. More recently, since 1980, a few models which have been updated regularly may turn out to have a future. In particular, among the macro models, PIDE's econometric model is the most widely publicised, cf. Naqvi et aL (1983). In the category of activity models one simple but handy model is available in Cohen, Havinga and Saleem (1985).

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