scholarly journals Soil Chemical Characteristics in Wet and Dry Season at Iva Long Wall Underground Mined Site, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Ogbonna ◽  
E. C. Nzegbule ◽  
P. E. Okorie
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Middle Slope ◽  
The Impact

In a bid to diversify the sources of revenue generation in Nigeria, the Government of the Federation has initiated plans to resuscitate coal mining. This study, therefore, assessed the impact of previous mining activities on soil chemical characteristic of the abandoned site. A single factor experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to obtain information on soil status of Iva mined site. Soil samples were collected randomly from ten different sampling points at 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depth in four cardinal points at north (N), south (S), east (E), west (W), and at the centre (c) of crest, middle slope, and valley of Iva mined site. The samples were analysed for heavy metals, macronutrient, soil pH, and organic matter content. The organic matter values ranged from 0.00 ± 0.00 to 1.14 ± 0.02% in dry season and 0.00 ± 0.00 to 1.04 ± 0.06% in wet season, with higher levels of organic matter in the valley (OM ≤ 1.14 %). Soil pH values ranged from 3.98 to 6.00 in wet season and 3.82 to 5.34 in dry season, with higher levels of acidity in the middle slope (pH ≤ 4.37). The range of values of soil macronutrients (K, Mg, N and P) were higher in wet season than in dry season with higher levels of K, Mg, N and P, at middle slope. Similarly, the values of the concentration of heavy metals (Ni and Pb) in soil were higher in wet season than in dry season with higher levels of Ni and Pb at middle slope. The levels of Ni, Pb and Cd in this study are above their allowable limits in Austria, Germany, France, Netherlands, Sweden, and United Kingdom. The high concentrations of Cd and Ni in soils could be taken up in plants via the roots, thus, exposing both man and herbivores to serious health risks.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of soil nutrients under different land use systems in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Shafia Afrin ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Land Use Systems

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.

scholarly journals Restorative effects of amendments on artificially degraded soils in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Yield Reduction

An evaluation of the productivity of degraded alfisols at Makurdi and Otobi, Nigeria, using artificial desurfacing techniques (ADT) was carried out in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The study was a split-split plot experiment arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The soil was desurfaced at 0 – 5, 0 – 10, 0 – 15, 0 – 20 cm and the undesurfaced soil, 0 cm (control) depths. The restorative amendments were 9 t ha-1 of poultry dropping as an organic source of manure, N:P2O5:K2O as an inorganic source of manure and zero application as control. Soybean variety TGX 1448-2E and maize variety, Oba super II were used as test crop. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was significantly (P = 0.05) lower at 20 cm (29.08 cm hr-1 ), but did not differ significantly at 0 to 10 cm depths. Soil pH of 5.58 was recorded at 0 cm depth and it decreased to 5.05 at 20 cm depth. Also, organic matter content (1.71 – 1.00 g kg-1 ), total nitrogen (0.12 – 0.08 g kg-1 ) as well as CEC (7.39 – 6.24 cmol kg-1 ) recorded a significant decrease with increase in soil depth from 0 to 20 cm depths. Application of poultry manure increased total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity as well as organic matter content across desurfaced depths. Soybean number of leaves was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced at 4, 7, and 10 WAP with increased topsoil removal. The highest grain yield of soybean (1474 kg ha-1 ) was recorded on poultry manure treated plots which were significantly higher (p = 0.05) than other treatments. Application of poultry manure caused 20 % soybean yield reduction at 5 depth, and a 56 % reduction at 20 cm depth.

scholarly journals Fractionation, Characterization and Speciation of Lead in the Industrially Polluted Soils of Tejgaon Area of Bangladesh and Lead Pollution of Associated Plants and Water

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
MN Mondol ◽  
AS Chamon ◽  
B Faiz ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
SF Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Tolerable Level

The Tejgaon industrial area is located within the Dhaka Municipality area and about 5 km north of the city centre. At Tejgaon soil pH was around neutrality (mean 6.73) although the minimum value was 5.3 and the maximum 7.6. High buffering capacity resulting from high soil organic matter content (4.87-11.55%) probably influenced soil pH to a neutral value. Electrical conductivity (EC) (25-551 μS), organic matter (OM) (4.87-11.55%) and nitrogen (N) contents were also influenced by the industrial wastes and effluents of the factories. The average Pb concentrations (mg/kg) in different soil fractions were 7.80, 21.85, 56.15 and 130.29 and 11.42, 20.27, 40.33 and 95.08 in water-soluble, NH4OAc extractable, DTPA ( Dietheline-Triamine-Penta-Acetic acid) extractable and total fractions during dry (January) and rainy seasons (September) respectively. Comparing 1st (rainy season) and 2nd (dry season) sampling data, Pb concentrations in different soil fractions were higher in the 2nd sampling data. Concentration of total Pb in soils during 1st sampling were found above the natural background level with few exceptions. Only 4% of total Pb (=20 mg kg-1) samples were in the normal range during wet season. Lead concentration in the group of tolerable level was 58% (>20-<=100 mg kg-1) and 38% (>=100 mg kg-1) were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level during 1st sampling. On the other hand 62.5% (>=100 mg kg-1) were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level (0.01 mg kg-1 Pb) during dry season. In case of water samples, total Pb concentration in the rainy season, all samples were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level during 1st sampling. Plant samples were found to contain untolerable total Pb (>20 mg kg-1) during rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Key words: Speciation; Tejgaon soil; Industrial area; Lead. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i3.9032 BJSIR 2011; 46(3): 277-290

Effect of Tillage and Cover Crop on Fluometuron Adsorption and Degradation under Controlled Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake A. Brown ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Donald D. Tyler ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
No Till

Fluometuron adsorption and degradation were determined in soil collected at three depths from no-till + no cover, conventional-till + no cover, no-till + vetch cover, and conventional-till + vetch cover in continuous cotton. These combinations of tillage + cover crop + soil depth imparted a range of organic matter and pH to the soil. Soil organic matter and pH ranged from 0.9 to 2.5% and from 4.7 to 6.5, respectively. Fluometuron adsorption was affected by soil depth, tillage, and cover crop. In surface soils (0 to 4 cm), fluometuron adsorption was greater in no-till + vetch plots than in conventional-tilled + no cover plots. Soil adsorption of fluometuron was positively correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Fluometuron degradation was not affected by adsorption, and degradation empirically fit a first-order model. Soil organic matter content had no apparent effect on fluometuron degradation rate. Fluometuron degradation was more rapid at soil pH > 6 than at pH ≤ 5, indicating a potential shift in microbial activity or population due to lower soil pH. Fluometuron half-life ranged from 49 to 90 d. These data indicate that tillage and cover crop may affect soil dissipation of fluometuron by altering soil physical and chemical properties that affect fluometuron degrading microorganisms or bioavailability.

scholarly journals Speciation Analysis of Nickel in the Soils of Tejgaon Industrial Area of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Chamon ◽  
MN Mondol ◽  
B Faiz ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
SF Elahi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tolerable Level

The main focus of the study is Tejgaon industrial area which is located within the Dhaka City Corporation and about 5 km north of the city centre. The industries around the study area like battery, chemical manufacturing, electrical and electronic, metal finishing, mining, paint and dye, textiles, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc, discharge heavy metals like Ni with their effluents and wastes. At Tejgaon soil the minimum pH value was 5.3 and the maximum 7.6 (at 26°C). High buffering capacity resulting from high soil organic matter content (4.87-11.55%) probably influenced soil pH. Electrical conductivity (EC) (25-551 μS/cm) and organic matter (OM) (4.87-11.55%) contents were also influenced by the industrial wastes and effluents of the factories. In the wet season, the average Ni concentration in different soil fractions was 1.69, 4.16, 13.21 and 93.12 mg kg-1 in water-soluble, NH4OAc extractable, DTPAextractable and total fractions respectively. Comparing wet season and dry season sampling data, total Ni concentrations in different locations were higher in the dry season and the mean concentration of total Ni was 223.89 mg kg-1, which was more than 4 times higher than the tolerable limit. Concentrations of total Ni in different locations during wet season were found above the natural background level with few exceptions. Ni concentration in the group of tolerable level was 21% (>022-=50 mg kg-1) and 75% (=50 mg kg-1) soil samples were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level during wet season. During dry season, 11% of Ni (=50 mg kg-1) samples were in the normal range and 89% (>50 mg kg-1) soil samples were found in the group of in excess of tolerable level. Ni concentration during dry season samples in different extraction i.e in NH4OAc extractable, DTPA extractable and in total fraction was found to decrease with distance away from the disposal point source due to dilution of the effluent and water. The decreasing tendency with distance indicates the accumulation of metals by the industrial operations. Key words: Speciation,Tejgaon soil, Industrial area, Nickel.     doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i1.2717 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(1), 87-108, 2009

Evaluation of Different Passivators for the Immobilization of Heavy Metals Incontaminated Soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Rong Li ◽  
Ying Hui Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Chen ◽  
Qiu Jun Li ◽  
Wei Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Straw Ash

The effects of hydrated lime, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, straw ash and silkworm excrement on the extractability of heavy metals, pH and organic matter content in soil were studied. The results showed that the application of the four organic-inorganic complex treatments decreased the concentration of available Pb by 22.2 to 48.9 percent, and reduced the concentration of available Cd by 29.1 to 58.4 percent, which was obviously superior to the single organic or inorganic treatments. The addition of hydrated lime had the greatest effects on soil pH, while the application of silkworm excrement significantly increased the organic matter content in soil.

scholarly journals Assessing the bioconcentration of heavy metals in Nypa Palm (Nypa fruticans (Wurmb) from selected mangrove forests in Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660
Author(s):  
V.L. Gbosidom ◽  
I.A. Kalagbor ◽  
O.A.F. Wokoma ◽  
J. Akien-Alli
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Rivers State

The bioconcentration of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni in tissues of Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) was investigated during wet and dry seasons from selected mangrove forests, using the randomized complete block design. Soil and plant samples were randomly collected from plant dominated growth stations and analyzed for heavy metal content using the Perkin Elmer Analysts 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained showed the bio-transfer factors of heavy metals at wet season as Pb (1.08mg/kg), Zn (1.42 mg/kg), Cd (6.14 mg/kg), Cr (0.56 mg/kg) Ni (0.90 mg/kg) and dry season as Pb (0.86 mg/kg), Zn (1.15 mg/kg), Cd (5.44 mg/kg), Cr (0.66 mg/kg), Ni (1.12 mg/kg). The result further showed the bio-translocation factors of the metals at wet seasons as Pb (0.59 mg/kg), Zn (0.76 mg/kg), Cd (3.25 mg/kg), Cr (0.22 mg/kg), Ni (0.54 mg/kg) and dry season as Pb (0.64 mg/kg), Zn (1.03 mg/kg) Cd (3.07 mg/kg), Cr (0.24 mg/kg), Ni (0.61 mg/kg) respectively. Findings indicate the study plant as a hyper accumulator of Ni, Cd and Zn, and non-hyper accumulator of Cr and Pb. It is thus recommended that N. fruticans be utilized for phytoremediation of Ni, Cd and Zn in polluted mangrove ecosystem.

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Multi-Contaminated Soil Treated with Biochar Using the Sequential Extraction Procedure

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Mahrous Awad ◽  
Zhongzhen Liu ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Eldessoky S. Dessoky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity represents a global problem depending on the soil environment’s geochemical forms. Biochar addition safely reduces HMs mobile forms, thus, reducing their toxicity to plants. While several studies have shown that biochar could significantly stabilize HMs in contaminated soils, the study of the relationship of soil properties to potential mechanisms still needs further clarification; hence the importance of assessing a naturally contaminated soil amended, in this case with Paulownia biochar (PB) and Bamboo biochar (BB) to fractionate Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu using short sequential fractionation plans. The relationship of soil pH and organic matter and its effect on the redistribution of these metals were estimated. The results indicated that the acid-soluble metals decreased while the fraction bound to organic matter increased compared to untreated pots. The increase in the organic matter metal-bound was mostly at the expense of the decrease in the acid extractable and Fe/Mn bound ones. The highest application of PB increased the organically bound fraction of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu (62, 61, 34, and 61%, respectively), while the BB increased them (61, 49, 42, and 22%, respectively) over the control. Meanwhile, Fe/Mn oxides bound represents the large portion associated with zinc and copper. Concerning soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH, as potential tools to reduce the risk of the target metals, a significant positive correlation was observed with acid-soluble extractable metal, while a negative correlation was obtained with organic matter-bound metal. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the total variance represents 89.7% for the TCPL-extractable and HMs forms and their relation to pH and SOM, which confirms the positive effect of the pH and SOM under PB and BB treatments on reducing the risk of the studied metals. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals and their geochemical forms widely varied according to pH, soil organic matter, biochar types, and application rates. As an environmentally friendly and economical material, biochar emphasizes its importance as a tool that makes the soil more suitable for safe cultivation in the short term and its long-term sustainability. This study proves that it reduces the mobility of HMs, their environmental risks and contributes to food safety. It also confirms that performing more controlled experiments, such as a pot, is a disciplined and effective way to assess the suitability of different types of biochar as soil modifications to restore HMs contaminated soil via controlling the mobilization of these minerals.

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