scholarly journals Corydalis marschalliana (Pallas ex. willd.) Pers. (Fumariaceae) in the Eastern Donbass

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
E. I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Species Protection ◽  
Specially Protected Natural Territories

The results of the studies of Corydalis marschalliana (Pallas ex. Willd.) Pers. in the Eastern part of the Donbass (Lugask and Donetsk regions) are provided in the research. The fact that in the Eastern part of Donbass region C. marschalliana grows in 60 locations (33 locations are in the Lugansk region and 27 ones are in the Donetsk region) was established. 19 of them were discovered by the author of the research. Environmental conditions in the studied region were described. Corydalis marschalliana biomorphological characteristics, area and growth conditions are given. Environmental history was studied;  map charts and species distribution lists on the territory of the Eastern part of Donbass region were made. Cenopopulation studies of Corydalis marschalliana were carried out. The article gives the data about studied species protection on the specially protected natural territories of the Eastern part of Donbass region, the ways of possible rational usage of this species are indicated. It was concluded that C. marschalliana does not need personal protection on the territory of the Eastern part of Donbass region.

scholarly journals Lagged recovery of fish spatial distributions following a cold-water perturbation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Robertson ◽  
J. Gao ◽  
P. M. Regular ◽  
M. J. Morgan ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Yellowtail Flounder

AbstractAnomalous local temperature and extreme events (e.g. heat-waves) can cause rapid change and gradual recovery of local environmental conditions. However, few studies have tested whether species distribution can recover following returning environmental conditions. Here, we tested for change and recovery of the spatial distributions of two flatfish populations, American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea), in response to consecutive decreasing and increasing water temperature on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland, Canada from 1985 to 2018. Using a Vector Autoregressive Spatiotemporal model, we found the distributions of both species shifted southwards following a period when anomalous cold water covered the northern sections of the Grand Bank. After accounting for density-dependent effects, we observed that yellowtail flounder re-distributed northwards when water temperature returned and exceeded levels recorded before the cold period, while the spatial distribution of American plaice has not recovered. Our study demonstrates nonlinear effects of an environmental factor on species distribution, implying the possibility of irreversible (or hard-to-reverse) changes of species distribution following a rapid change and gradual recovery of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Abiotic Stresses Shift Belowground Populus-Associated Bacteria Toward a Core Stress Microbiome

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collin M. Timm ◽  
Kelsey R. Carter ◽  
Alyssa A. Carrell ◽  
Se-Ran Jun ◽  
Sara S. Jawdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Poplar Trees

The identification of a common “stress microbiome” indicates tightly controlled relationships between the plant host and bacterial associates and a conserved structure in bacterial communities associated with poplar trees under different growth conditions. The ability of the microbiome to buffer the plant from extreme environmental conditions coupled with the conserved stress microbiome observed in this study suggests an opportunity for future efforts aimed at predictably modulating the microbiome to optimize plant growth.

scholarly journals When Unity Is Strength: The Strategies Used by Chlamydomonas to Survive Environmental Stresses

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix de Carpentier ◽  
Stéphane D. Lemaire ◽  
Antoine Danon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Unicellular Alga ◽  
Unicellular Organism ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Do So

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a valuable model system to study a wide spectrum of scientific fields, including responses to environmental conditions. Most studies are performed under optimal growth conditions or under mild stress. However, when environmental conditions become harsher, the behavior of this unicellular alga is less well known. In this review we will show that despite being a unicellular organism, Chlamydomonas can survive very severe environmental conditions. To do so, and depending on the intensity of the stress, the strategies used by Chlamydomonas can range from acclimation to the formation of multicellular structures, or involve programmed cell death.

Development of System for High Quality Wood Grain Design

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Mori ◽  
Satoshi Shibasaki ◽  
Hideki Aoyama
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Wood Grain

Various approaches for generating woodgrain patterns using computer graphics have been proposed so far. However, it is difficult to reproduce real woodgrain patterns using such conventional methods. In this paper, a new approach for generating woodgrain patterns is proposed. Virtual trees are generated by simulating tree growth in consideration of environmental conditions. Moreover, fine tree tissues and reflection properties at the wood surface are modeled. By applying these modeled factors, more diverse and accurate woodgrain patterns can be generated. With this approach, various types of virtual trees can be obtained by changing growth conditions such as period and location of growth or form of tissue in trees without the need to reset complicated parameters of each tree species. After this, the virtual trees can be cut at arbitrary areas, thus allowing a variety of woodgrain patterns to be generated by easy parameter setup.

scholarly journals Initiation of Biofilm Formation byPseudomonas aeruginosa 57RP Correlates with Emergence of Hyperpiliated and Highly Adherent Phenotypic Variants Deficient in Swimming, Swarming, and Twitching Motilities

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Déziel ◽  
Yves Comeau ◽  
Richard Villemur
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Small Colony

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium capable of forming biofilms on surfaces as a survival strategy. It exhibits a large variety of competition/virulence factors, such as three types of motilities: flagellum-mediated swimming, flagellum-mediated swarming, and type IV pilus-mediated twitching. A strategy frequently used by bacteria to survive changing environmental conditions is to create a phenotypically heterogeneous population by a mechanism called phase variation. In this report, we describe the characterization of phenotypic variants forming small, rough colonies that spontaneously emerged when P. aeruginosa 57RP was cultivated as a biofilm or in static liquid cultures. These small-colony (S) variants produced abundant type IV fimbriae, displayed defective swimming, swarming, and twitching motilities, and were impaired in chemotaxis. They also autoaggregated in liquid cultures and rapidly initiated the formation of strongly adherent biofilms. In contrast, the large-colony variant (parent form) was poorly adherent, homogeneously dispersed in liquid cultures, and produced scant polar fimbriae. Further analysis of the S variants demonstrated differences in a variety of other phenotypic traits, including increased production of pyocyanin and pyoverdine and reduced elastase activity. Under appropriate growth conditions, cells of each phenotype switched to the other phenotype at a fairly high frequency. We conclude that these S variants resulted from phase variation and were selectively enriched when P. aeruginosa 57RP was grown as a biofilm or in static liquid cultures. We propose that phase variation ensures the prior presence of phenotypic forms well adapted to initiate the formation of a biofilm as soon as environmental conditions are favorable.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Las and Rhl Quorum-Sensing Systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (13) ◽  
pp. 4827-4836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangmin Duan ◽  
Michael G. Surette
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Two Systems

ABSTRACT The lasI-lasR and the rhlI-rhlR quorum-sensing systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulate the expression of numerous cellular and secreted virulence factor genes and play important roles in the development of biofilms. The las and rhl systems themselves are known to be directly or indirectly regulated by a number of transcriptional regulators, and consequently, their expression is sensitive to environmental conditions. In this report, the activities of these two quorum-sensing systems have been examined systematically under 46 growth conditions, and the regulation by environmental conditions has been investigated. The relative timing and strength of expression of these two systems varied significantly under different conditions, which contrasts with the notion of a preset hierarchy with these two systems in P. aeruginosa. Depending on the growth conditions, the correlation between each synthase and its cognate transcriptional regulator also varied, suggesting that the transcription of these genes independently allows for further fine tuning of each system. Finally, we observe that the activities of both the lasI-lasR and the rhlI-rhlR quorum-sensing systems were dramatically enhanced in the presence of extracts of sputum samples from cystic fibrosis patients.

scholarly journals Variation among species in proteomic sulphur content is related to environmental conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 273 (1591) ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G Bragg ◽  
Dominique Thomas ◽  
Peggy Baudouin-Cornu
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Methionine Residues ◽  
Living Organisms

The elemental composition of proteins influences the quantities of different elements required by organisms. Here, we considered variation in the sulphur content of whole proteomes among 19 Archaea, 122 Eubacteria and 10 eukaryotes whose genomes have been fully sequenced. We found that different species vary greatly in the sulphur content of their proteins, and that average sulphur content of proteomes and genome base composition are related. Forces contributing to variation in proteomic sulphur content appear to operate quite uniformly across the proteins of different species. In particular, the sulphur content of orthologous proteins was frequently correlated with mean proteomic sulphur contents. Among prokaryotes, proteomic sulphur content tended to be greater in anaerobes, relative to non-anaerobes. Thermophiles tended to have lower proteomic sulphur content than non-thermophiles, consistent with the thermolability of cysteine and methionine residues. This work suggests that persistent environmental growth conditions can influence the evolution of elemental composition of whole proteomes in a manner that may have important implications for the amount of sulphur used by living organisms to build proteins. It extends previous studies that demonstrated links between transient changes in environmental conditions and the elemental composition of subsets of proteins expressed under these conditions.

COOPERATIVE STRATEGIES IN FORMATION OF COMPLEX BACTERIAL PATTERNS

Fractals ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 849-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESHEL BEN-JACOB ◽  
OFER SHOCHET ◽  
INON COHEN ◽  
ADAM TENENBAUM ◽  
ANDRAS CZIRÓK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
Continuous Approach ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Bacterial Patterns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Generic Strategies

In nature, bacterial colonies often must cope with hostile environmental conditions. To do so they have developed sophisticated cooperative behavior and intricate communication channels on all levels. The result is that a profusion of complex patterns are formed during growth of various bacterial strains and for different environmental conditions. Some qualitative features of the complex morphologies may be accounted for by invoking ideas from pattern formation in non-living systems together with a simplified model of chemotactic “feedback”. We present a non-local communicating walkers model to study the effect of local bacterium-bacterium interaction and communication via chemotaxis signaling. The model is an hybridization of the continuous approach (to handle chemicals’ diffusion) and the atomistic approach (each “atom” or “walker” represents 104–105 bacteria). Using the model we demonstrate how communication enables the colony to develop complex patterns in response to adverse growth conditions. Efficient response of the colony requires self-organization on all levels, which can be achieved only via cooperative behavior of the bacteria. It can be viewed as the action of an interplay between the micro-level (the individual bacterium) and the macro-level (the colony) in the determination of the emerging pattern. We show that seemingly unrelated patterns can result from the employment of the same generic strategies.

scholarly journals Mothers determine offspring size in response to own juvenile growth conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Better Than

Through non-genetic maternal effects, mothers can tailor offspring phenotype to the environment in which young will grow up. If juvenile and adult ecologies differ, the conditions mothers experienced as juveniles may better predict their offspring's environment than the adult environment of mothers. In this case maternal decisions about investment in offspring quality should already be determined during the juvenile phase of mothers. I tested this hypothesis by manipulating juvenile and adult maternal environments independently in a cichlid fish. Females raised in a poor environment produced larger young than females raised without food limitations, irrespective of the feeding conditions experienced during adulthood. This maternal boost was due to a higher investment in eggs and to faster larval growth. Apparently, mothers prepare their offspring for similar environmental conditions to those they encountered as juveniles. This explanation is supported by the distribution of these fishes under natural conditions. Juveniles live in a different and much narrower range of habitats than adults. Therefore, the habitat mothers experienced as juveniles will allow them to predict their offspring's environment better than the conditions in the adult home range.

scholarly journals PDGFRA Defines the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Kaposi’s Sarcoma Progenitors by Enabling KSHV Oncogenesis in an Angiogenic Environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Naipauer ◽  
Santas Rosario ◽  
Sachin Gupta ◽  
Courtney Premer ◽  
Omayra Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Signaling Mechanism ◽  
Viral Oncogenesis ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways

ABSTRACTKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining cancer caused by the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Unanswered questions regarding KS are its cellular ontology and the conditions conducive to viral oncogenesis. We identify PDGFRA(+)/SCA-1(+) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Pα(+)S MSCs) as KS spindle-cell progenitors and found that pro-angiogenic environmental conditions typical of KS are critical for KSHV sarcomagenesis. This is because growth in KS-like conditions generates a de-repressed KSHV epigenome allowing oncogenic KSHV gene expression in infected Pα(+)S MSCs. Furthermore, these growth conditions allow KSHV-infected Pα(+)S MSCs to overcome KSHV-driven oncogene-induced senescence and cell cycle arrest via a PDGFRA-signaling mechanism; thus identifying PDGFRA not only as a phenotypic determinant for KS-progenitors but also as a critical enabler for viral oncogenesis.AUTHOR SUMMARYIdentification of the KS progenitor cell creates the possibility of studying viral oncogenesis and its determinants from its initial steps as a continuum. It also increases our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and disease preferential tropism. Hereby we identify Pα(+)S-MSCs as KS progenitors, in which KSHV infection has oncogenic consequences; only when these cells are in a pro-angiogenic environment in which PDGFRA activation enables an oncogenic de-repressed KSHV epigenome. These results identify a KS-progenitor population in the Pα(+)S-MSCs and point to pro-angiogenic environmental conditions as essential for oncogenic viral gene expression and transformation. We designed a novel model of KSHV oncogenesis, creating a very robust platform to identify KSHV oncogenic pathways and their relationship with cellular lineages and extracellular growth environments.

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