scholarly journals A Cooperação Subnacional no Mercosul: os casos das Mercocidades e do FCCR / The Subnational Cooperation in Mercosur: the cases of Mercocities and CCRM

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-169
Author(s):  
Cairo Gabriel Borges Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
International Order ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Nation States

Com as novas configurações do ordenamento internacional nos últimos anos, os Estados nacionais passaram a dividir espaço com outros atores, dentre eles os blocos regionais e os atores subnacionais. No Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul), a Rede Mercocidades e o Foro Consultivo de Municípios, Estados Federados, Províncias e Departamentos (FCCR) configuram-se como as duas principais instâncias que levam as demandas locais para o âmbito regional. No presente artigo, objetiva-se analisar ambos os órgãos com vistas a discriminar suas formas de institucionalização e vínculos com o processo de integração, interpretar a formulação de suas agendas temáticas e caracterizar suas principais iniciativas. Parte-se da hipótese de que ainda há uma baixa, porém crescente, participação subnacional no nível institucional do Mercosul. Ademais, com os resultados obtidos, a conclusão atesta a importância das Mercocidades e do FCCR tanto para a articulação subnacional no bloco quanto para o próprio fortalecimento da integração regional para muito além dos anseios econômicos.   Abstract: With the new configurations of the international order in recent years, the nation states began to share space with other actors, among them the regional blocs and subnational actors. In the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), the Mercocities and the Committee of Municipalities, States, Provinces and Departments (CCRM) constitute the two main instances that bring local demands for the regional level. This article aims to analyze both institutions with the intention to distinguish their forms of institutionalization and links with the integration process, investigate the formulation of their thematic agendas and characterize their main initiatives. It is assumed that there is still a low, but increasing, subnational participation in Mercosur's institutional level. Furthermore, with the results obtained, the conclusion underlines the importance of Mercocities and CCRM for the subnational articulation in the block and the strengthening of regional integration beyond economic anxieties.

scholarly journals The Challenge for the Central American Integration System (SICA): The Withdrawal of Costa Rica During the Cuban Migrant Crisis 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Damaris Stein
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Central American ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Migration Crisis

Central America has the longest experience with regional integration efforts apart from Europe and regional integration was on its rise with the establishment of the Central American Integration System (SICA). However, the organisation has been struggling to move the integration process further; experiencing a climax of fragmentation when Costa Rica left SICA during the Cuban migration crisis in 2015. This article focuses on the factors which contributed to the withdrawal of Costa Rica by looking at: (1) the institutional level of SICA; (2) Costa Rica’s policies that have hindered Central American integration; and (3) Costa Rica’s main reasons for its non-integrationist actions. This article argues that the cause can be found at both the institutional level and the national level. It further shows that SICA failed at deepening its integration due to its supranational ambitions installed in its institutional framework. Moreover, through qualitative research methods, it has been found that Costa Rica’s foreign policy is characterised by defying SICA’s organisational bodies. This article concludes by proposing four major reasons to explain Costa Rica’s non-integrationist actions which can be subsumed under (1) historical aspects, (2) no trade benefits from its membership, (3) immigration issues and lastly, (4) the legitimacy problem of SICA.

scholarly journals Integrating the Öresund – What Kind of Region?

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Valgerdur Bjarnadóttir ◽  
Damian Gadzinowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nation States

The last fifty years in Europe has brought an increased co-operation between nation states and the birth of a considerable supranational institutional level. The most advanced cooperation has developed within the European Union. The set of mutual interactions between the European and national levels, known as a two-level game, had remained the core of cooperation and integration process until the 1990s. Since then a third level has evolved, namely the regional one. Regionalization as an answer to ‘Europeization’ or more broadly speaking – Globalization – has changed the traditional way of cooperation; however it must be said that it is a process of which the outcome is unknown. Regions, generally speaking, still do not enjoy enough power to be able to constitute as much influential body (the Committee of Regions) as the European Parliament. Nevertheless the tendency to give power down to regions is on its way.[...]

scholarly journals «Memoirs of a European» Jean Monnet as a source on the history of European integration

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Andrii Martynov
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of

Jean Monnet took an honorable place in the pantheon of prominent Europeans. Many research institutions bear his name. This is not just a historical recognition, but also not a cult of personality, because J. Monnet himself quite objectively assessed his personal place in the European integration process. Evidence of this is his memoirs, which are a valuable source of modern history of European unity. The aim of the article is to analyze the memoirs of Jeanne Monnet as a source on the history of the European integration process, which reveals its main stages, features and ways of solving problems. The undoubted merit of J. Monnet in the history of European integration is the so-called “Monnet method”, which consists in the fact that economic integration was recognized as a forerunner of political unification. Integration should take place from the bottom up, not the other way around. The political life of Jean Monnet as a true French patriot and a great European is the embodiment of current discussions between supporters of functionalism and federalism in the history and modernity of European integration. Proponents of federalism consider the creation of a superpower with supranational governing bodies, to which states transfer most of their national sovereignty, to be the main task of integration. Gradually, a common identity is formed, which distinguishes the group from the external environment. Neo-functionalists believe that national authorities delegate executive powers to the community, not sovereignty. Progress in European integration has been made possible by a combination of long-term, medium-term and short-term factors.One of the main long-term factors in the success of European integration is the European idea as an idea of the territorial and civilization unity of Europe, consolidated by the commonality of historical destiny, which requires institutionalization. There is no general theory of regional integration that can explain the complex integration phenomenon in all its diversity. Existing theoretical approaches remain loyal to the state principle as a form of organization of political life. Only neo-functionalists focus on social groups involved in integration and supranational institutions, not nation-states. Many rules of the European Union are formed in political networks that integrate different territorial levels: local, regional, national, supranational. Monnet called for this to be clearly understood and taken into account in real European politics.

Mercosur: ‘Organised Crime, Money Laundering and Harmonisation of Legislation’

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Pedro R. David
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
The Common

Section 1 of the Asuncion Treaty sets up the Common Market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). It establishes, inter alia, ‘the commitment of the Member Parties to harmonize their laws in the relevant areas, with a view to strengthening the integration process’. Such a harmonisation implies an intention to establish increasingly common criteria and similar patterns at a sub‐regional level to deal with a specific set of rules that are currently dissimilar.

scholarly journals The Mercosur in the midst of the crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Aparecida Marques de Oliveira Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
South American ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Health Dimension ◽  
Territorial Management ◽  
The Face

Since 2016, the four States Parties to the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) - Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay - are experiencing internal political and economic crises that cannot be understood without observing the South American regional context. With the pandemic of the new coronavirus, the crisis also took on a health dimension, whose repercussions in 2021 made the celebration of the bloc's thirty years a moment of reflection on the effectiveness of the integration process, due to the absence of territorial management that addresses the Mercosur needs. The purpose of this text is to discuss the measures adopted in the context of Mercosur in the face of the current pandemic, economic and political crisis. The methodology used for the elaboration of the text included a bibliographic review on the regional integration process in Mercosur and the analysis of news about the situation and the measures adopted to contain the effects of the crisis in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.

Regional integration and free movement in Central Africa Integración regional y libre circulación en África Central L'intégration régionale et la libre circulation en Afrique centrale

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Marcel Nono
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
African Union ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Politique Sociale ◽  
Afrique Centrale

A pillar of African emergence and an important issue of political debate that is central to regional integration, free movement is however not yet acquired in Central Africa. Yet a glance at the pre colonial history invites us to believe that Central Africa has been an area of free movement. The recognition of a right that cannot be realized only by an agreement leads to the Central African states pledging to work together in the context of regional integration by recognizing their citizens' right to full mobility. This contribution highlights the efforts, challenges and prospects of free movement in Central Africa by reference to the African Union framework, and asks if the legal and institutional framework of free movement in Central Africa has led to the emergence of a social policy supportive of free movement at the sub regional level. Spanish La libre circulación de personas es un pilar del África emergente, un tema importante en el debate político, un punto central de la integración regional, y sin embargo todavía intangible en África Central. No obstante, una mirada a la historia precolonial nos invita a pensar que África Central ha sido un espacio de libre circulación. El reconocimiento de un derecho que no puede realizarse sólo por un acuerdo, conduce a que los Estados de África Central se comprometan a trabajar juntos en el marco de la integración regional para reconocer el derecho de sus ciudadanos a la movilidad total. Esta contribución destaca los esfuerzos, desafíos y perspectivas de la libre circulación en África Central en referencia con el marco de la Unión Africana, y se pregunta si el marco legal e institucional de la libre circulación en África Central ha llevado a la aparición de una política social que apoye la libre circulación a nivel subregional. French Pilier de l'émergence de l'Afrique, enjeu des débats politiques et de l'intégration, la libre circulation n'est pas encore un acquis en Afrique Centrale. Pourtant, un regard porté sur l'histoire précoloniale nous invite à croire que l'Afrique centrale a été un espace de libre circulation. La reconnaissance d'un droit ne pouvant se faire que par l'objet d'un accord, les États d'Afrique Centrale se sont engagés dans le choix d'une histoire à réaliser ensemble dans le cadre de l'intégration, en consacrant dans des pactes communautaires la pleine mobilité de leurs ressortissants. Cette contribution met en évidence les efforts, défis et perspectives de la libre circulation en Afrique centrale par référence au cadre de l'Union africaine, et pose la question de savoir si le cadre juridique et institutionnel de la libre circulation en Afrique centrale a conduit à l'émergence d'une politique sociale en faveur de la libre circulation au niveau sous régional.

India and Vietnam in the Indo-Pacific

2021 ◽  
pp. 097492842110049
Author(s):  
Sanjay Pulipaka ◽  
Libni Garg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Order ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Common Position ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies

The international order today is characterised by power shift and increasing multipolarity. Countries such as India and Vietnam are working to consolidate the evolving multipolarity in the Indo-Pacific. The article maps the convergences in the Indian and Vietnamese foreign policy strategies and in their approaches to the Indo-Pacific. Both countries confront similar security challenges, such as creeping territorial aggression. Further, India and Vietnam are collaborating with the United States and Japan to maintain a favourable balance of power in the Indo-Pacific. While Delhi and Hanoi agree on the need to reform the United Nations, there is still some distance to travel to find a common position on regional economic architectures. The India–Vietnam partnership demonstrates that nation-states will seek to define the structure of the international order and in this instance by increasing the intensity of multipolarity.

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCHING THE PROBLEM OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION:

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. K. Kurmangali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Eurasian Region

The article analyzes the theoretical and applied aspects of the issue of regional integration in political science. The authors made an attempt to analyze the nature and characteristics of the integration process in the Eurasian region. Various scientific points of view on the problem of integration are shown. The article compares the approaches to the study of regional integration presented in the article. In today's world. At the same time, the authors show possible prospects and further development of Eurasian integration in the context of the participation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

A Single Western State Model?

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Fabbrini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Political World ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Democratic Nation

The article discusses political development in the paradigmatic cases of Western Europe and the United States, arguing that the building and consolidation of their democratic nation states follow different paths. Nevertheless, after two centuries of differential political and institutional evolution, at the end of the 20th century, Western Europe, with the deepening of the integration process, has moved in the direction of a supranational organization that has many similarities to the American compound republic. However, the different institutional histories, with their attendant path-dependency effects, will continue to condition the developments of Europe and America, rendering convergence toward uniformity highly unlikely. Notwithstanding institutional transformation occurring in the Western political world, plurality will continue to mark its future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document