scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESS NOISE DOSE FOR THE TASKS OF ESTIMATING THE POPULATION HEALTH RISKS

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Koshurnikov
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noise Factor ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Permissible Dose

The available methodological approaches to assessing the noise dose characterize the multiplicity of exceeding the permissible dose, but do not reflect the transition to the weighted average equivalent level for the tasks of assessment of health risk to population living under exposure to the noise factor. Within the framework of the study, there were proposed methodical approaches which allow the transition from the multiplicity of exceedences of an individual noise dose to the calculation of the weighted average daily noise equivalent (Lden) by taking into account the number and duration of noise events. The proposed method allows the assessment and prognosis of the risks of health disorders using the approved method from the impact of noise factor (MR 2.1.10.0059-12 [9]). Testing methodological approaches using the example of children's pre-school institutions in the city of Perm made it possible to establish a daily noise dose with an assessment of the impact of each factor and determine the possible risks to health of children attending preschool institutions near transport infrastructure facilities. According to the results of this study, it was found that self-induced noise makes the main contribution to the daily noise dose.

scholarly journals Methodology for Assessing the Transport Accessibility of Capital Objects in a Megacity Based on Geoinformation Data

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-415
Author(s):  
S. V. Mkhitaryan ◽  
Zh. B. Musatova ◽  
T. V. Murtuzalieva ◽  
G. S. Timokhina ◽  
I. P. Shirochenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Purpose: to present the author's methodology and the test results for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility on the basis of weighted normalized private indicators for three housing estates in Moscow.Methods: the study is based on the application of methods for collecting factual material, its processing, systematic, comparative historical and structural-functional analysis, which were supplemented by multivariate analysis of secondary information using content analysis of existing methods for calculating indicators of transport accessibility of capital objects. The results and conclusions of the research are based on the use of the author's methodology for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility based on weighted normalized private indicators for three housing estates in Moscow. The analysis of a possible set of criteria for assessing transport accessibility of housing estates in Moscow metropolis was carried out on the basis of the use of a geographic information system database GIS NextGIS QGIS.Results: a review of methodological approaches to the calculation of objective quantitative indicators characterizing the transport accessibility of capital objects is carried out; the author's methodology for calculating the integral indicators of the transport accessibility of residential complexes in Moscow is presented and tested on the basis of weighted normalized private criteria / indicators. The use of the authors’ methodology for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility based on weighted normalized private criteria / indicators made it possible to calculate the values of indicators of transport accessibility for three housing estates in Moscow, calculate an integrated score for a set of transport accessibility criteria for each housing estate, to give a comparative quantitative assessment of their transport accessibility, to conduct a rating of housing estates in terms of their transport accessibility.Conclusions and Relevance: the presented results of approbation of the author's methodology for calculating the integral indicators of transport accessibility for housing estates in Moscow allow to conduct a comparative and dynamic analysis of housing estates (or larger units) transport accessibility. The results of such an analysis can be applied in order to develop programs for transport infrastructure development of the megacity as a whole, its certain districts and city parts, as well as to assess such programs efciency. The authors see the directions for future research in the defnition and calculation of indicators based on the city dwellers perception of the transport accessibility

scholarly journals Evaluating Classical Airplane Boarding Methods Considering COVID-19 Flying Restrictions

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu-Adrian Cotfas ◽  
Camelia Delcea ◽  
R. John Milne ◽  
Mostafa Salari
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed the need for a series of social distancing restrictions worldwide to mitigate the scourge of the COVID-19 pandemic. This applies to many domains, including airplane boarding and seat assignments. As airlines are considering their passengers’ safety during the pandemic, boarding methods should be evaluated both in terms of social distancing norms and the resulting efficiency for the airlines. The present paper analyzes the impact of a series of restrictions that have been imposed or mooted worldwide on the boarding methods used by the airlines, featuring the use of jet-bridges and one-door boarding. To compare the efficacy of classical airplane boarding methods with respect to new social distancing norms, five metrics were used to evaluate their performance. One metric is the time to complete the boarding of the airplane. The other four metrics concern passenger health and reflect the potential exposure to the virus from other passengers through the air and surfaces (e.g., headrests and luggage) touched by passengers. We use the simulation platform in NetLogo to test six common boarding methods under various conditions. The back-to-front by row boarding method results in the longest time to complete boarding but has the advantage of providing the lowest health risk for two metrics. Those two metrics are based on passengers potentially infecting those passengers previously seated in the rows they traverse. Interestingly, those two risks are reduced for most boarding methods when the social distance between adjacent passengers advancing down the aisle is increased, thus indicating an unanticipated benefit stemming from this form of social distancing. The modified reverse pyramid by half zone method provides the shortest time to the completing boarding of the airplane and—along with the WilMA boarding method—provides the lowest health risk stemming from potential infection resulting from seat interferences. Airlines have the difficult task of making tradeoffs between economic productivity and the resulting impact on various health risks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Transport Infrastructure Modernisations on Acoustic Climate on the Example of the City of Szczecin (Poland) Intersections Redevelopment Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sygit ◽  
Witold Kollataj ◽  
Marian Sygit ◽  
Barbara Kollataj ◽  
Ryszard Kolmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

scholarly journals On the question of the application of the prediction of the evolution of health risk in hygienic assessments

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Zaitseva ◽  
P. Z. Shur ◽  
Irina Vladislavovna May ◽  
D. A. Kiryanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Evolutionary Modeling ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In the paper there are described examples of the practical implementation of methodological approaches to the assessment of evolution of the health risk under exposure to a set of environmental factors. In the hygienic assessment of the dynamics of health risks for citizens, residing near a major airport (about 500 takeoffs and landings per day), there were revealed high risks of disorders of the cardiovascular and nervous system. The difference between the risks emerging under the exposure and without the impact of the factors peculiar to the airport was shown to increase with the age significantly, accounting for 5-year period, 1,2% of the exposure; over 20 years - 8-10%, and during the period of 50 years - more than 20%. There were obtained results describing the dynamics of the gain of risks for the population of all ages, the structure of risks in the different periods of the human life. Outputs of evolutionary modeling allowed to identify critical periods of exposure to factors for which the qualitative changes of levels of risk take place. This is important in justifying the order ofpriorities and urgency of sanitary hygienic measures for risk management. The development of methodological approaches lies in the plane of the refinement of mathematical models, improvement of methods for the assessment of the intensity and duration of exposure, taking into account features of the combined impacts of hazard factors of different nature.

EVOLUTION OF THE HEALTH DISORDERS RISK IN THE POPULATION UNDER DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Nina Zaitseva ◽  
Dmitrii Koshurnikov ◽  
Stanislav Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Noise Factor ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, an approach has been tested for assessing and mapping the risk levels caused by the impact of the noise factor in urban development on the example of urbanized areas of a large city. The approach is based on an acoustic modeling algorithm associated with work in geographic information systems (hereinafter referred to as GIS) for the tasks of hygienic regulation and health risk assessment of the population living in dense urban areas. The paper describes the identification and integration of a set of initial data on the noise factor of exposure with the subsequent construction of a computational model. The results obtained are supplemented with methodological approaches to assess the health risk of the population from the impact of traffic noise in accordance with the approved methodological recommendations for the impact of this factor. Risk levels are calculated without changes in the urban planning situation in the study area with the duration of residence of the exposed population of 20, 30, 40 years. In addition, predictive calculations of changes in risk levels for a period of 20, 30, 40 years in the context of a construction project were performed. Risk calculations were carried out at 49210 calculated points located in 38 planes, including at a height of 1.5 m at the level of human breathing in the area of residential buildings, corresponding to each computational grid, to build a volumetric (3D) model. The volumetric model is built to assess the living conditions of the exposed population, depending on the floor of residence. A moderate risk before the implementation of a construction project is formed up to a maximum of 13, 21, 23 meters in living conditions for 20, 30, 40 years, respectively, while after the implementation of the project, a moderate risk reaches a maximum height of 21, 39, 51 meters in conditions of a similar exposure duration (20, 30, 40 years old). A high risk in both cases is observed at a height of 1.5 - 3 meters above ground level only during 40 years of living in the area of this exposure, which is due to the previously close located highways. Thus, under dense urban development, it is optimal to live on the middle floors (7-8 floors) and above, in conditions of chronic exposure to the noise factor.

scholarly journals The impact of road infrastructure failures on traffic conditions and travel behaviour in urban areas – the case of the Lazienkowski Bridge in Warsaw

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szarata ◽  
Katarzyna Nosal Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article deals with the problems of failures of transport infrastructure sections and their consequences. The article presents the research problem of assessing the impact of the fire on Lazienkowski Bridge, in Warsaw, on the travel behaviour of city residents as well as traffic conditions in the city. Changes occurring directly after the bridge’s failure during the period up to several months after the event were analysed. In order to assess the consequences of the failure, data obtained from traffic measurements on selected bridge crossings and interview surveys carried out among city residents were used. The results of the surveys proved that the exclusion of the Lazienkowski Bridge from traffic resulted in a significant increase in traffic volumes on other bridges, especially neighbouring ones, and resulted in longer rush hours on the bridge crossings in question. 42% of the city‘s residents felt the negative consequences of the failure in the form of worse conditions of travel and 36% of the residents reported a longer travel time to work/school. The failure also caused changes in travel behaviour as regards the choice of means of transport, travel route or not travelling altogether. The consequences of the failure affected, to the greatest extent, the residents of areas most functionally connected with the bridge.

scholarly journals Smart technologies for decision-support in the management of environmental safety of transportation in big port cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Ложкина ◽  
Г.Г. Рогозинский ◽  
В.Н. Ложкин ◽  
И.Г. Малыгин ◽  
В.И. Комашинский
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Цель настоящей работы заключалась в разработке основ обеспечения экологически устойчивого развития транспортных систем городов-портов на базе инновационных наукоемких информационных и коммуникационных технологий на примере разработки расчетного метода мониторинга и прогнозирования негативного воздействия выбросов автотранспорта, морских и речных судов на качество воздушной среды. В статье представлена информационная технология поддержки принятия решений на основе модифицированной мультидоменной инфокоммуникационной модели и иерархической модели, позволяющая описать взаимодействие объектов физического, информационного (кибернетического) и когнитивного уровней в области экологического мониторинга и прогнозирования воздействия автомобильного и водного транспорта через набор унифицированных терминов. Эффективность предложенного подхода проиллюстрирована разработкой расчетной модели контроля и прогнозирования загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в зонах одновременного воздействия автомобильного и водного транспорта в крупных портовых городах, таких как Санкт-Петербург, Владивосток и Севастополь. Модель выстраивалась по принципу иерархичности: индивидуальные транспортные средства, образуемые ими площадные (например, совокупность судов в порту) и линейные (автотранспортные потоки) источники выбросов на локальной городской территории (микрорайон или район города) или в городе в целом. Подобная модель может быть интегрирована в виде экологического блока в городскую интеллектуальную транспортную систему для проведения расчетного мониторинга и прогнозирования качества воздуха, что особенно актуально в крупных городах с развитой мультимодальной транспортной инфраструктурой и высокой транспортной нагрузкой. The presented research focuses on developing the foundations for ensuring the environmentally sustainable development of transport systems of port cities based on innovative high-tech information and communication technologies, using the example of developing a calculation method for monitoring and predicting the negative impact of emissions from vehicles, sea and river vessels on the quality of the air environment. The paper presents the information technology for decision support based on a modified multi-domain infocommunications model and hierarchical model, which allows to describe the interaction of physical, informational (cybernetic) and cognitive levels in the field of environmental monitoring and forecasting the impact of automobile and water transport through a set of unified terms. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the development of a calculation model for monitoring and predicting atmospheric air pollution in areas of simultaneous impact of road and water transport in large port cities such as St. Petersburg, Vladivostok and Sevastopol. The model features hierarchical approach: individual vehicles and vessels, corresponding areal (e.g. ships in the port) and linear (transport flows) emission sources in a local urban area (a city block or a city district) or in the city as a whole. Such a model can be integrated as an environmental block into the city intelligent transport system for the monitoring and forecasting of air quality, this is especially important in large cities with a developed multimodal transport infrastructure and high traffic.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Soils and Road Dusts in Akure City, Southwest Nigeria: Ecological and Health Risks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi JohnPaul Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Expanded urbanization particularly in developing nations have as of late become a significant source of worry because of their adverse consequences on the environment. This study was conducted to determine the extent of pollution, sources, and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in Akure region, Nigeria's soils and street dusts. Thirty-four samples including 16 soils and street dusts samples each were gathered with two control samples gathered from a suburb a long way from the city. To collect fine particles, they were air dried and sieved. Chemical analysis of samples werecarried out utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) at Sustainable laboratory, a certified laboratory in Akure, Nigeria. Metals analysed were: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Fe. Contamination, ecological and health hazard evaluations were carried out utilizing universally acceptable indices. Potential sources were disentangle utilizing measurable technique like bivariate, factor and hierarchical cluster analyses. Results uncovered that the mean amount of Pb, Zn and Fe in street dusts were: 32.33 mg/kg, 72.53 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg separately while in soil tests it was 34.34 mg/kg, 67.76 mg/kg, and 115.21 mg/kg. The examination further showed that metals particularly Cr present slight to high ecological dangers. Health hazard evaluation uncovered that the occupants of the area particularly kids are more inclined to non-cancer-causing health risks. Metals were mostly from anthropogenic sources. To reduce the impact of toxic metals in the city, it is proposed that ecological enactment and mindfulness be practiced.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to assessment of the decline for health risk reduction from mosquito bites due to the application of repellents and insecticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185
Author(s):  
Pavel Z. Shur ◽  
Svetlana V. Redko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Khrushcheva ◽  
Vladimir A. Fokin ◽  
Arina I. Vinogradova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Health Risk Reduction ◽  
Reporting Data

Introduction. The use of repellents and insecticides is the most important method of protection against mosquitoes. In the scientific literature, there is practically no information about the risk from mosquito bitesl to human health due to the non-use of these funds. The information on the prevalence, infection of mosquito-carriers of infectious agents was studied; biological risks from non-use of repellents and insecticides. The aim of the study is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the reduction of health risk from mosquito bites due to the use of repellent and insecticidal agents. Materials and methods. The methods of studying relevant scientific literature, analysis of statistical reporting data, the main stages of the methodology for assessing health risks were used. Results. The proposed methodological approaches have been tested in various scenarios for the use of repellents and insecticides in comparison with the averted risks associated with the development of infectious diseases carried by mosquitoes. Conclusion. For the implementation of methodological approaches, scenarios and parameters of the development of the situation with the use of repellents and insecticides or their non-use are proposed. Indicators of individual, population and prevented health risks were calculated, considering the severity of harm to health. The personal health risk of West Nile fever (WNF) and dirofilariasis in non-endemic areas without application repellents and insecticides is assessed as acceptable - 1.2•10-8 and 1.7•10-5, respectively. At the territory with constantly recorded WNV incidence, the application of repellents or insecticides diminished the population risk of contracting fever by ten times. The averted health risk is 0.297 cases per 2.8 million population. When using repellents or insecticides, the population risk of dirofilariasis is significantly reduced. The averted health risk is 8.8 cases per population of 579 103 people.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of the situation and analysis of the health risk of the population as an information basis for the management of monitoring and the formation of complex plans for air protection measures of the federal project "Clean Air"

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051
Author(s):  
Irina V. May ◽  
Svetlana V. Kleyn ◽  
Ekaterina V. Maksimova ◽  
Stanislav Yu. Balashov ◽  
Mihail Yu. Tsinker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The City

Introduction. The quality of the environment and the health of the population are the main factors in the socio-economic development of society. To reduce the volume of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and improve the living conditions of residents of contaminated cities, a federal project, “Clean Air” has been developed. Analysis of the efficiency and effectiveness of air protection measures according to public health risk criteria is a priority task for achieving the project conditions and ensuring a safe living environment. Materials and methods. The initial information for the hygienic assessment and health risks of the city of Bratsk was the data of in-situ measurements of the quality of atmospheric air within the framework of environmental and socio-hygienic monitoring and summary calculations of the dispersion of emissions from stationary and mobile sources. Results. According to the hygienic assessment and health risk assessment, 13 priority impurities were identified for inclusion in the systematic monitoring program. Conclusion. Analysis of measures to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air by health risk criteria made it possible to establish that, in general, the directions of efforts are adequate to the list of priority risk factors for the health of citizens. For the correct assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency, it is advisable to supplement with materials containing data on specific emission sources on which it is planned to implement measures; supplying the assessment of health risks with data on the actual morbidity of the population in the city; as well as to assess and discuss with business entities the results of health risk assessment, all identified discrepancies between declared emissions, calculated levels of pollution and the real sanitary and hygienic situation in the city.

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