COMPARISON OF THE RADIATION SITUATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND OIL REGIONS OF THE ATYRAU REGION

The article is devoted to the comparison of radiation levels in the Issatay and Makhambet districts of the Atyrau region. Atyrau region belongs to the regions of the oil-producing industry, which in turn can lead to environmental pollution, including radiation. Therefore, a radiation analysis was carried out to measure the exposure dose on the territory of the Isatai region, in which the oil-producing industry is developed, and for comparative analysis, the same measurements were carried out in the Makhambet region, where there is no industrial activity and the region belongs to an agricultural region. The studies carried out show that, according to the average values of the exposure dose in both regions, it is in close values, which range from 9 to more than 14 mR/h in the industrial region (Issatay region) and from 10 to 11 mR/h in the agricultural region (Makhambet region). In the Issatay district, according to the average values, there is a slight increased content. The data on the exposure dose rate at the entrance to the village and in the center of the village show that in the Makhambet district, the exposure dose data is higher in the center of the village than at the entrance to the village, while in the Isatai district the indicators at the entrance to the villages are, on the contrary, higher. In the Issatay region, within the villages, the data are similar to the Makhambet region, and outside the settlements, there is a slight increase associated with the additional load from oil pollution. The data on the level of measurement height show that at the level of the earth's surface and at the level of 50 cm, the values of the exposure dose are close in the values of the two regions, while there is a difference at the level of 1 m. In the Issatay region, the exposure dose is higher than in the Makhambet region, this may be due to the relatively greater accumulation of gaseous radioisotopes that accumulate as a result of evaporation from oil fields. The background radiation in both regions does not exceed the maximum permissible dose and is not hazardous to health.

Liquid digestate features as fertilizer: carbon fractions, phytotoxicity and microbiological analysis

The circular economy promotes the use of renewable fuels as an alternative to natural gas. Anaerobic digestion for waste management produces methane, carbon dioxide and a residue-the digestate- which must be recovered. This residue can be separated into two parts, namely the liquid and solid fractions, the former characterized by its large volume, presence of nutrients in mineral forms, and highly variable composition. Here we studied the fertilizing capacity of the liquid fractions obtained from the waste derived from artichoke canning (LF-Ar), orange juice manufacturing (LF-Or) and pig slurry (LF-Sl). To this end, we examined the physical-chemical parameters, carbon fractions, phytotoxicity and presence of pathogens in these fractions. The liquid fraction derived from fruit and vegetables had a low nutrient content compared to that of slurry ( ̴1.0 kg total-N m^-3<em>vs.</em> 5.6 kg total-N m^-3 respectively). The NH₄⁺-N content of the fractions ranged between 70-93% of total N. Given the permissible dose in non-vulnerable areas, LF-Sl, LF-Ar and LF-Or would provide 0.9-1.0 t of organic matter ha^-1 and 134, 128 and 98 kg of C ha^-1 from the total humic extract, respectively. The proportion of humic acids in the total humic extract was 59%, 51% and 34% respectively. The slurry digestate showed phytotoxicity probably due to high salinity, so it should be diluted based on the needs of the crop. On the basis of our findings, the characterized liquid fractions could be recovered in agricultural soils in line to circular economy principles.</p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong>

Measurement of the radiation level dose to patient from fluoroscopy device during cardiac catheterization

Fluoroscopy is a type of medical imaging that shows a continuous X-ray image on a screen, it is used in a wide range of examination and procedures for diagnosis such as in cardiac catheterization. Fluoroscopy can result in relatively high radiation doses, especially for complex interventional procedures that it needed to monitor radiation to reduce exposure. The purpose of this study is to determine the radiation doses for patients during cardiac catheterization exam and compare it with the permissible dose limits. The main parameters which are studied in this work are the time of exposure dose rate, x-ray techniques (milliamper. second), tube voltage (kilovolt) and Dose Area Product (DAP). Twenty-seven patients were included and absorbed doses were measured and distributed according to Fluoroscopy (Fluo) time, mAs and Dose Area Product (DPA). It was found that the absorbed dose received by the patients has a linear relationship with the Fluoroscopy time, mAs and DAP. Exposure dose rates were measured and compared with the maximum permissible dose (100 mGy/min), the estimated patient dose rate varied from (12-81.6) mGy/min) for 24 patients as a permissible dose in the safe side, and 3 patients exposed to higher values of the exposure dose rates ) over permissible dose) range (107.4-108) mGy/min

Study of Heavy Metals in Teas from Romanian Market

The aim of this study was to determine heavy metals levels in some varieties of tea from the Romanian market. For this purpose, 15 samples of tea of the following assortments were analyzed: green tea, black tea, herb tea and fruit tea. Determination of heavy metals traces was achieved with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The quantities of Pb, Hg and Cd from analyzed tea samples were compared with the permissible dose in accordance with the Notice of Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Effect of Calcitonin on Healing Duration, Function and Pain Relief in Patients with Maxillofacial Fractures. A pilot study

Introduction: Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone regulating the metabolism calcium in the body. Many studies showed that calcitonin had analgesic effect on several painful circumstances. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of intranasal calcitonin during the immediate postoperative period on postoperative pain in patients undergoing maxillofacial fracture surgery. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial which was conducted in April 2019 in Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz, 16 patients with maxillofacial fracture were divided randomly into two groups. The intervention group was given 200UI of intranasal calcitonin and the control group received nasal spray of NaCl. The severity of pain was then evaluated daily for up to seven days after the operation, with the severity of: no pain (0) to the most severe pain (10) using visual analog scale for pain. The daily dose of analgesic was also measured. The patients were allowed to request 250 mg of injectable acetaminophen each day up to a maximum daily dose of 4 g (maximum permissible dose) in the event of pain. Results: The results show that the pain intensity between two groups was not significantly different. However in the seventh day the total acetaminophen consumption was significantly lower in the intervention group. Conclusion: calcitonin may be a useful medication to help to control the post operative pain by reducing the required dose of routine painkillers.

Comparative assessment of the parameters of acute toxicity of natural products

The paper presents the results of comparative assessment of the parameters of acute toxicity of complex plant agents under such laboratory codes as CDP, Bronchelp and a phytopropoletic agent KNA for parenteral application, as well as a complex agent KV for use per os. The studies revealed that the single intramuscular administration of agents from natural components CDP, Bronchelp and KNA to laboratory rats in the maximum permissible dose do not have a general toxic effect. Similar results were obtained by oral use of a complex agent KV. According to the results, the tested agents are classified as low-hazardous substances (class 4).

Nuclear governmentality: Governing nuclear security and radiation risk in post-Fukushima Japan

Nuclear governmentality is offered as a conceptual contribution to research on energy politics, security studies, and nuclearity. Nuclear governmentality is conceived as a logic of government in the Foucauldian sense, that describes contiguities in conduct and symbolic representations found across disparate dispositifs, especially (albeit not exclusively) those strategically aimed at eliciting and exploiting atomic forces in medicine, industry, and war. This project demonstrates the logic and technologies of power specific to nuclear governmentality in post-Fukushima Daiichi energy commitments, evacuation policies, risk assessments, and health surveillance programs. Nuclear governmentality is at once modern in its adaptation of regimes of risk management and anachronistic in its prioritization of sovereign decisionality in their developments and deployments, especially evident in the legal principle of the minimum standard and the instrument of the permissible dose.

ACUTE CHRONICAL TOXICITY AND INTOLERANCE OF SM - COMPLEX

The researchers elaborated pharmacological complex of SM at the Chair of Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology atSouth-UralStateAgrarianUniversity. The complex contains butafosfan, vitamins, vitamin-like substances, selected on the basis of synergistic effect on the body. The parameters of acute toxicity of the SM-complex were explored in the experiment on clinically healthy adult white mice of both genders by a single injection of the solution in the maximum permissible dose according to GOST 31926-2013. Intolerance on the skin of animals was detected in line with GOST R ISO 10993.10-2009. GOST R ISO 10993.10-99 became a guideline for evaluating SM-complex intolerance on the eye conjunctiva. Chronic toxicity was investigated on non-linear rats; the rates were divided into 4 groups of 6. The first group became a control group, the second group received the SM-complex in a therapeutic dose (255mg/kg), the third group - in a 5 -fold therapeutic dose (1275mg/kg), the fourth group - in a 10-fold dose (2550mg/kg). Pharmacological substance was applied through the probe in the form of an aqueous solution for 30 days. The researchers found out that at single oral introduction of SM-complex in the maximum possible doses it does not affect mice organism and it is referred to the 4th class of danger according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Local application in the form of applications on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits, the complex does not have a local irritant effect. Long-term application of pharmacological composition (30 days) in high doses causes functional and morphological changes of the liver in the form of gray foci and flabbiness, as well as it increases the volume of the organ. Due to the fact that the therapeutic doses are 5 and 10 times lower than the toxic ones and the period of application does not exceed 7-14 days, the authors make a conclusion that SM-complex is safe and secure and can be used in the recommended doses.