ASSESSING EXPOSURE TO NOISE IN HIGH DENSITY URBAN AREAS

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Irina May ◽  
Dmitrii Koshurnikov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Big City ◽  
Noise Assessment ◽  
Basic Approaches

The present research dwells on existing methodical approaches to modeling and noise assessment involving mapping procedures in high density urban areas by the example of urbanized territories in a big city. The suggested approach is based on results obtained via multiple acoustic computations that were performed using specialized software packages. Computed data are interfaced with geoinformation systems for further visualization and quantitative assessment of obtained results. As regards hygienic standardization, hardware and software that are used within the approach allow accomplishing it in high density urban areas. The research concentrates on basic approaches to creating a calculated model as well as parameters of all accomplished computations. The research was performed as per a regular grid within a calculated rectangle sized 0.8*0.8 km and with a step being equal to 25 meters. This calculated rectangle contained 1,122 points. Overall, computed exposure was determined at 486,246 points located in 43 planes. A separate calculated grid corresponded to each of them in order to build a 3D model. This 3D model was made up of 43 planes including one built at 1.5 meter height in a residential area. This 3D model was created for assessing living conditions depending on a height of living (a floor in a residential building). A square of acoustic discomfort was assessed depending on a height as per such a hygienic criterion as noise exceeding 55 dBA and it allowed establishing effects produced by motor transport on noise levels. This research is an initial stage in substantiating violations of citizens’ rights for a favorable living environment and human well-being; in future it is planned to perform instrumental measurements and assess health risks.

Towards a Sustainable Built Environment : Environmentally Concious Planning, Design and Construction

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Design And Construction

Cities, urban areas and other built-up areas must possess a good healthy living environment which contributes to the general well-being of the regional and global environment. This can be achieved if buildings and other man-made objects are planned and designed in an environmentally appropriate fashion to promote sustainability. This paper is directed towards the ultimate outcome of providing a better built-environment. It reviews how we can enhance environmentally-concious planning, design and construction in the built environment involving all building professionals.

scholarly journals Because space matters: conceptual framework to help distinguish slum from non-slum urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e001267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lilford ◽  
Catherine Kyobutungi ◽  
Robert Ndugwa ◽  
Jo Sartori ◽  
Samuel I Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
List Type ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Basic Approaches

Despite an estimated one billion people around the world living in slums, most surveys of health and well-being do not distinguish between slum and non-slum urban residents. Identifying people who live in slums is important for research purposes and also to enable policymakers, programme managers, donors and non-governmental organisations to better target investments and services to areas of greatest deprivation. However, there is no consensus on what a slum is let alone how slums can be distinguished from non-slum urban precincts. Nor has attention been given to a more fine-grained classification of urban spaces that might go beyond a simple slum/non-slum dichotomy. The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to help tackle the related issues of slum definition and classification of the urban landscape. We discuss:The concept of space as an epidemiological variable that results in ‘neighbourhood effects’.The problems of slum area definition when there is no ‘gold standard’.A long-list of variables from which a selection must be made in defining or classifying urban slum spaces.Methods to combine any set of identified variables in an operational slum area definition.Two basic approaches to spatial slum area definitions—top-down (starting with a predefined area which is then classified according to features present in that area) and bottom-up (defining the areal unit based on its features).Different requirements of a slum area definition according to its intended use.Implications for research and future development.

scholarly journals ON PROPOSALS FOR ALTERATIONS AND ADDITIONS TO SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS TO LIVING CONDITIONS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND PREMISES

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
N. A. Mozzhukhina ◽  
Gennady B. Yeremin ◽  
S. N. Noskov ◽  
A. O. Karelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Free Environment

Residential buildings and premises must comply with sanitary rules and regulations, but a lot of provisions of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions contradict Federal legislation and do not provide for the regulation of public relations arising in the process of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being of population at all stages of arranging residential buildings and premises, therefore they require updating. International, national regulatory legal acts of a number of countries, regulatory legal acts of Russian Federation, establishing sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises, research studies carried out in Russia and abroad were used as research materials. A set of general scientific research methods: analytical, system-structural, comparative was a procedural basis of the study. Widening of the scope of sanitary standards and rules: extension of responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the document to the executive authorities, expanding the list of objects prohibited for allocation in residential buildings, measures to ensure a barrier-free environment for the disabled, requirements of inadmissibility of residential building destruction by mold, and others were suggested as the results of the study. Due to the fact that the problem of fresh air is common, the design indices of air and air exchange rate are proposed. Recommended changes regarding noise regulation assume the elimination of contradictions when correction coefficients are applied. Conclusions. Analysis of current sanitary and epidemiological requirements enabled to specify indoor environmental factors of the living space, originating from an interaction of outdoor environment, indoor environment of the living space and direct effect of the human himself and on which favorable living conditions depend, and elaborate on the reasons of violations of the established requirements. Suggested changes and additions corresponded to the main trends existing in international practice are aimed at specifying the provisions of the document, optimizing a number of standards, and eliminating contradictions. It is noted that regulation and monitoring of dwelling condition cannot be limited just by the indoor premises of the building. It is necessary to consider the living environment as a united system: human - residential unit (apartment, room, and auxiliary facilities) - building - surrounding grounds- microdistrict - residential area of the city.

The Impact of the Environment on Quality of Life and Mediating Effects of Sleep and Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Chang ◽  
Frances K. Y. Wong ◽  
K. L. Chan ◽  
Fiona Y. Wong ◽  
H.C. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Environment is an independent factor affecting quality of life. Studies suggest that health practices consider having an impact on quality of life. The purpose of the present paper was to examine the association between environmental conditions and quality of life, and how individual health practices affected this association. Methods Participants aged 20 or above were recruited from 11 tertiary planning units in the centre of Kowloon. These tertiary planning units were selected as they represent the overall living environment in Hong Kong, with older poorer urban areas alongside relatively affluent districts. A mediation analysis was implemented using multiple linear regressions to examine the effects of environmental conditions on quality of life. The predictor variables included sociodemographic and environmental conditions, health practices and health service utilisation. Results Of the eligible 607 participants, 390 females and 217 males with a mean age of 47.4 were included for analysis. Physical, psychological and environmental factors were conducive and connected to quality of life. After adjusting for fruit and vegetable intake, gender, education level and chronic illness, perceived stress and sleep quality had significant mediating effects. Conclusion Environment is an important factor that affects the overall well-being of individuals. The interaction of environmental quality with individual variables, specifically stress and sleep is extremely important when assessing its impact on the quality of life. The findings of this study support the importance of individual stress and sleep in mediating the relationship between the environment and quality of life.

scholarly journals Towards a Sustainable Built Environment : Environmentally Concious Planning, Design and Construction

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Ultimate Outcome ◽  
Design And Construction

Cities, urban areas and other built-up areas must possess a good healthy living environment which contributes to the general well-being of the regional and global environment. This can be achieved if buildings and other man-made objects are planned and designed in an environmentally appropriate fashion to promote sustainability. This paper is directed towards the ultimate outcome of providing a better built-environment. It reviews how we can enhance environmentally-concious planning, design and construction in the built environment involving all building professionals.

scholarly journals Methods for the reconstruction of residential areas in the historical centre of Aleppo

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Bannoud Ghaleb ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
Building Elements

The article discusses measures for restoring the living environment of the Syrian city of Aleppo taking regional characteristics, national traditions and religious normsinto account. Archival and field studies conducted for the identification of valuable environmental elements for each district of the city are presente-dalongside morphological building elements characteristic of urban areas pertaining to different periods. On the basis of morphological maps for residential building elements and general demographic trends, a system for the restoration of the Aleppo residential development, based on the modular method of forming the three-dimensional structure for a traditional residential building, is proposed. The proposed system for the forma-tion of a residential building is based on the multiple variability of its structure as formed by a limited number of volume elements. The technique supports the restoration of buildings using industrial methods combining various elements as applicable for creating a diverse urban environment. This technique is applicable not only in the city of Aleppo, but also in other Syrian cities affected by the military conflict, as well as in other regions with analogous climatic conditions and national traditions.

scholarly journals “When I Retire, I’ll Move Out of the City”: Mental Well-being of the Elderly in Rural vs. Urban Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Alcañiz ◽  
Maria-Carme Riera-Prunera ◽  
Aïda Solé-Auró
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Mental Well Being

This study examines the influence of risk factors on mental well-being at older ages focusing on the level of rurality of the living environment. We used cross-sectional, nationally representative survey data for Catalonia (Spain) from 2015 to 2017 to explain the mental well-being of the population aged 65 years and over. Based on a sample of 2621 individuals, we created a score of current mental well-being using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). Using logistic regression and non-parametric tests, we identified the sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables which, in combination with the features of the rural and urban settings of the living space, were associated with poor SWEMWBS scores. Our results reveal that adequate social support is linked to expectations of good mental well-being in later life. Poor self-perceived health and ageing limitations are associated with less deterioration of the well-being for the elderly living in rural areas, whereas living in urban areas is linked to a higher risk of suffering from emotional distress attributable to economic difficulties or low educational attainment. Incentivizing older people to live in rural environments could result in greater well-being in the last stages of life; appropriate prospective studies are needed to test this positive outcome.

scholarly journals Temperature Comfort, Recreation and Historical Features in Open Spaces; the Path of Remembrance and Comradeship (PATH) in Ljubljana, Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Fikfak ◽  
Miha Konjar ◽  
Janez Peter Grom ◽  
Saja Kosanovic ◽  
Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Urban Heat

The built environment has a great impact on the quality of urban climate, a comfortable living environment, overheating, and detection of changes in Urban Heat Islands (UHI). Despite the effects that raised outdoor temperatures have on human well-being and health, being in open outdoor spaces is strongly encouraged. This article deals with open green urban areas. The study was focused on searching for the relationships between the various elements, such us outdoor thermal comfort, the urban heat island, green areas, and active leisure time. The well-being in open spaces has be studied on the case of The Path of Remembrance and Comradeship (PATH) in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. PATH is a circular recreation ground (almost 33 km long) and passes from the urban to the natural landscape area. PATH constitutes an important element of the urban space and confirms the identity and image of Ljubljana. It is most popular for walking and jogging.Overheating at the PATH was studied using multiple indicators, which were broken down into detail at five sites with different urban morphology, green areas, water, and paved areas.

scholarly journals Organizing vertical layout environments: a forward-looking development strategy for high-rise building projects

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
A.A. Magay ◽  
E.A. Bulgakova ◽  
S.A. Zabelina
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Big City ◽  
Global Population

The article highlights issues surrounding development of high rise buildings. With the rapid increase of the global population there has been a trend for people to migrate into megacities and has caused the expansion of big city territories. This trend, coupled with the desire for a comfortable living environment, has resulted in numerous problems plaguing the megacity. This article proposes that a viable solution to the problems facing megacities is to create vertical layout environments. Potential options for creating vertical layout environments are set out below including the construction of buildings with atriums. Further, the article puts forth suggested spatial organization of the environment as well as optimal landscaping of high-rise buildings and constructions for the creation of vertical layout environments. Finally, the persuasive reasons for the adoption of vertical layout environments is that it will decrease the amount of developed urban areas, decrease traffic and increase environmental sustainability.

Tenants' Satisfaction in High Residential Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
UMMU SHOLEHAH MOHD NOR
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Residential Living ◽  
Medium Cost

High residential living in Malaysia has not been widely given a significant emphasises in literature despite its increasing scale and significance in the real estate market. The significance of high rise is mainly due the increasing rate of migration from rural to urban. It is estimated a total of 77.2 percent of the Malaysian population lived in urban areas in 2020. Approximately, 30 percent of this urban population lives in strata housing. These percentages are predicted to continue to increase in the future. The emergence of high residential building has been argued as confronting various problems which has considerable impact on this life style. Satisfaction is an important outcome of living in one’s dwelling, although it is not the only consideration. High residential building in Malaysia encountered numerous problems in term of management aspects, legislation aspects, and residents’ satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tenants’ satisfaction living in high residential buildings in Klang Valley. The questionnaires survey is conducted amongst 276 tenants at low cost and medium cost HRB using random sampling in HRB located at areas under jurisdiction Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA), Majlis Bandaraya Subang Jaya (MBSJ), Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS) and Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya (MPAJ). The result from this study shows that tenant in medium cost residential building are more satisfied in term of facilities and management as compared to tenants in low cost residential building. Tenants also not disclosed to the existing act and procedure related to high residential building. In conclusion, this study suggested the Local Authority to emphasise the role of tenant. These recommendation hopefully will increase the level of satisfaction amongst the residents in HRB.

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