scholarly journals “When I Retire, I’ll Move Out of the City”: Mental Well-being of the Elderly in Rural vs. Urban Settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Alcañiz ◽  
Maria-Carme Riera-Prunera ◽  
Aïda Solé-Auró
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Mental Well Being

This study examines the influence of risk factors on mental well-being at older ages focusing on the level of rurality of the living environment. We used cross-sectional, nationally representative survey data for Catalonia (Spain) from 2015 to 2017 to explain the mental well-being of the population aged 65 years and over. Based on a sample of 2621 individuals, we created a score of current mental well-being using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). Using logistic regression and non-parametric tests, we identified the sociodemographic, health and lifestyle variables which, in combination with the features of the rural and urban settings of the living space, were associated with poor SWEMWBS scores. Our results reveal that adequate social support is linked to expectations of good mental well-being in later life. Poor self-perceived health and ageing limitations are associated with less deterioration of the well-being for the elderly living in rural areas, whereas living in urban areas is linked to a higher risk of suffering from emotional distress attributable to economic difficulties or low educational attainment. Incentivizing older people to live in rural environments could result in greater well-being in the last stages of life; appropriate prospective studies are needed to test this positive outcome.

Socioeconomic Variation of Multimorbidity in Colombian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Ballesteros ◽  
José Moreno-Montoya ◽  
Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten ◽  
Pedro Barrera-López ◽  
José A. De la Hoz-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

Abstract BackgroundMultimorbidity prevalence in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Variations regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals and their context have been described, mostly in high-income scenarios. This study aims to assess the magnitude and the socioeconomic factors associated with variations on multimorbidity in Colombia.MethodsA cross-sectional multilevel study with a nationally representative sample of 23 694 Colombian adults aged 60 years and older was conducted. Individual socioeconomic, demographic, childhood and health related characteristics, as well as group level variables (multidimensional poverty index and infectious diseases mortality rate) were analyzed. A two-level stepwise structural equation model was used to simultaneously adjust the individual and contextual effects. ResultsMultimorbidity prevalence was 62.3% (95% CI 61.7–62.9). In the multilevel adjusted models, age, female sex, having functional limitations, non-white ethnicity, high body mass index, higher income, physical inactivity, poverty during childhood and living in urban areas were associated with multimorbidity. The mediation analysis showed that living in rural areas was significantly associated with infectious disease mortality rate and other individual associations with multimorbidity were mediated by the multidimensional poverty variable. ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates a strong association between multimorbidity and poverty in a low-middle income country. Differences in the factors involved in the etiology of multimorbidity are expected among wealthy and poor countries regarding availability and prioritization of health services.

scholarly journals Psychosocial problems, chronic illness and welfare service utilization among elderly population in urban areas of Vijayapur, Karnataka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3383
Author(s):  
Vidya V. Patil ◽  
Rekha Udgiri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Aging is a universal process. In India, the elderly account for 7.7% of the total population and the United Nations defines a country as “ageing” where the proportion of people over 60 years reaches 7.7%. Morbidity among elderly has an important influence on their physical functioning and psychological well-being. The objectives of the study were to assess the psychosocial problems associated with the elderly and to describe the chronic illness and utilization of welfare services among elderly.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of Shri B M Patil Medical College, Vijayapur. House to house survey was conducted for a period of 3 months from September to November 2014.Results: Total of 372 elders were interviewed, 54.5% were males, 45.4% were females. Majority were Hindus 78.8%. 46% were illiterate. Majority 79% were financially dependent. 53% were working. Around 32% were feeling lonely Most common chronic illness is joint pain (66.66%), visual problem (50%), dental and chewing problem (48%).Conclusions: Financial dependence was high among the participants and majorities were suffering from one or the other chronic illness which needs attention and knowledge about geriatric welfare services should be given. 

Gender and sexual minorities

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Richard Bradlow ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Suraj Beloskar ◽  
Gurvinder Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Push And Pull

A person’s living environment can have substantial impact on his/her mental health due to a range of factors related to the environment. It has often been argued that urban settings are a hotpot of sociocultural evolutions that attract individuals from the gender and sexual minority (GSM) groups. This has led to migration from rural to urban areas and also from one urban area to another urban area. Various push and pull factors in both the rural and urban areas help GSM individuals decide in which direction to move. While rural areas present with challenges such as social isolation within a homophobic/transphobic environment, urban areas also have their own unique set of challenges for the GSM population. In this chapter, we focus on various factors in both rural and urban settings that impact on the mental health of GSM population.

scholarly journals Needs and rights awareness of stroke survivors and caregivers in urban and rural China: a cross-sectional, multiple-centre questionnaire survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e021820
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuang Xia ◽  
Xiaolin Tian ◽  
Tianli Zhang ◽  
Peilu Wang ◽  
Yanfen Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban

ObjectivesStroke survivors require assistance and support in their daily lives. This survey aims to investigate the needs and rights awareness in Chinese stroke survivors and caregivers in rural and urban settings.SettingThis survey was adapted from the one created by the World Stroke Organization. The questionnaire included demands for psychological support, treatment and care, social support and information. From January 2015 to January 2016, the survey was pilot tested with urban and rural-dwelling stroke survivors and caregivers from 12 hospitals. Stroke survivors were invited to participate if they were over 18 years old and had experienced a stroke. Exclusion criteria were patients who had disorders of consciousness, significant cognitive impairment, aphasia, communication difficulties or psychiatric disorders. Only caregivers who were family members of the patients were chosen. Paid caregivers were excluded.ParticipantsOne thousand, one hundred and sixty-seven stroke survivors and 1119 caregivers were enrolled.Primary outcome measuresThe needs of stroke survivors and caregivers in rural and urban areas were compared. The correlations between needs of rural and urban stroke survivors and caregivers and potential effect factors were analysed, respectively.ResultsAmong the cohort, 93.5% reported the need for psychological support, 88.6% for treatment and care, 84.8% for information and 62.7% for social support. The total needs and each aspect of needs of stroke survivors in urban settings were greater than of those in rural settings (p<0.01). In rural areas, total needs and each aspect of needs were positively correlated with education level (p<0.01).ConclusionsNeeds and rights awareness of stroke survivors should also be recognised in both urban and rural China. According to the different needs of patients and their caregivers, regional and individualised services were needed by stroke survivors and their caregivers.

Mental Health of Community-Dwelling Older Adults and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohollah Farhadloo ◽  
Sarallah Shojaei ◽  
Hamid Torabian ◽  
Mostafa Vahedian ◽  
Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distress Scale

Background: Improving lifestyle, increasing lifespan and life expectancy have led to the phenomenon of aging in societies. The increasing population of older adults is one of the most important economic, social, and health challenges in the current century. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the mental health of older adults in Qom City and its relationship with socioeconomic factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 400 older adults over 60 years in the urban areas of Qom in 2018. A multi-stage sampling method was used for this study. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire, the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K6), and a standard psychological well-being scale. Data were analyzed by Stata 12 software using the t-test. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Considering the mental health status, based on the K6, 55% of the elderly showed signs of low depression anxiety, 34% moderate, and 11% showed severe anxiety symptoms. Regarding the status of well-being, 49.50% were in good condition (11.3 ± 3.3), 27.75% were in moderate condition (13.8 ± 2.9), and 22.75% were in poor condition (7.3 ± 2.6). Anxiety and depression had significant relationships with gender, having an illness, marital status, having a caregiver, and income. Conclusions: The results showed that about half of the elderly in Qom had moderate anxiety and depression disorders, as well as moderate mental well-being, which indicates the moderate level of anxiety and mental disorders in the elderly in Qom.

scholarly journals Eating Habits of Elderly in Aceh-Indonesia and the Associated Demographic Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Sufyan Anwar ◽  
Maiza Duana ◽  
. Marniati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aims: The study aims to prove the correlation between demographic factors and the eating habits of the elderly in Aceh, Indonesia. Study Design:  A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Aceh Barat district, Aceh province-Indonesia between June and October 2019. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out by involving the elderly (age of 60 years or above) in 483 participants. Bivariate analysis was conducted through a chi-square test using SPSS version 21 to answer the research hypothesis. Results: Four hundred and eighty three (483) elderly people with mean age of 69.76 years were enrolled, of these, 68.9% were women and 58.2% were unemployed. Fifty-nine percent of respondents live in rural areas and 64.39% had good eating habits. Finding unveiled that age had a significant correlation with eating habits (P=0,05), gender did not correlate with eating habits (P>0,05). Occupation correlated with eating habits (P=0.05), and area of residence correlated with eating habits (P=0,05).. Conclusion: The study concluded that younger age (60-69 years old), employed, and living in urban areas positively contribute to establishing healthy eating habits in the elderly in Aceh. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct intervention studies in the occupation variable as a modifiable variable.

scholarly journals Biopsychosocial factors associated to self-percepted sleep function in Brazilian elderly people: analysis of a national survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnnatas Mikael Lopes ◽  
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT: Background: Sleep is a dimension of well-being and health. Non-restful sleep is related to health dysfunctions, especially in vulnerable populations, considering that related factors change contextually. Thus, the objective of the present study was to measure the magnitude of the reduction in sleep restorative function (SRF) and related biopsychosocial factors in Brazilian elderly. Method: Secondary data from the 2013 National Health Survey of cross-sectional design were analyzed. The sample consisted of individuals as from 60 years old. The outcome considered was the prevalence of reduced self-perceived sleep restorative function (SRF). Health and sleep characteristics, emotional behavior, lifestyle, social support, and urbanization were all investigated. The association with outcome was measured with the prevalence ratio (PR) and estimated with Cox regression, assuming α ≤ 0.05. Results: SRF was reduced by 29.2% (95%CI 27.2 - 30.6%). It is related to depression (PR = 3.37; 95%CI 2.87 - 3.97), insomnia/sleepiness (PR = 2.45; 95%CI 2.14 - 2.79); behavioral oscillation (PR = 1.75; 95%CI 1.53 - 1.99), negative health perception (PR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.23 - 1.82), computer and internet (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.01 - 2.07) and functional difficulty (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.27). Living in urban areas (PR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.14 - 1.52) and having a chronic condition (PR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.11 - 2.40) were only associated to the worst situation of reduced SRF. Conclusion: The reduction in SRF affects one third of the elderly in Brazil and is closely related to biopsychosocial factors, requiring intersectoral public health promotion approaches.

scholarly journals Mental Distress in Rural Areas of Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam David Saifullah ◽  
Nur Latifah ◽  
Eria Riski Artanti ◽  
Kadek Dewi Cahyani ◽  
Umi Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: There is a higher prevalence of mental distress in rural areas compared to urban areas in Indonesia. The rural areas of Indonesia have various socio-demographic and sophisticated cultural characteristics, but less exposed to foreign cultures. Thus, the study about the prevalence, associated factors, and predictors of mental distress in rural areas is necessary.Purpose: This study aimed to identify the population's status and related factors of mental distress in rural areas in Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the aims of the study. An Indonesian version of the Self-Rated Questionnaire, consisting of 20 items, was used to measure mental distress status of population in rural areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A number of 872 records were included and analyzed using both univariate and bivariate analyses in this study.Results: The prevalence of mental distress in this population was 6%. The correlated factors of mental distress were age (χ2=6.93, p=0.01), gender (χ2=0.07, p=0.03), occupation (χ2=0.26, p=0.02), housing dimension (χ2=5.45, p=0.02), and illness status (χ2=0.01, p<0.01).Conclusion: The prevalence of mental distress in rural areas of Indonesia is relatively lower than that of the national level. Future mental health programs may be focused on improving mental health on the elderly, male, vulnerable workers, overcrowded housing, and people who got a chronic illness.

ESTABLISHING THE WELL-BEING OF THE RURAL-URBAN ELDERLY POPULATION: A CASE STUDY OF INDONESIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAIDATULAKMAL MOHD ◽  
AZLINDA AZMAN ◽  
JAMALLUDIN SULAIMAN ◽  
ISMAIL BABA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

This study determines and compares the influence of various demographic factors in achieving well-being of the elderly population in the rural and urban areas in Indonesia. Age, marital status, social class, perceived health and economic condition are some of the main contributing factors in measuring well-being. In addition, social aspects such as living and familial arrangement were also investigated to establish elderly population well being. Data were collected using a survey-interview method. A total of 157 elderly in the urban areas and 145 elderly in the rural areas were surveyed. A causal model of well-being was employed to analyse the data obtained. The model of well-being was then tested using path analysis to test the causal relationships among the variables. Although the study indicated that there was no significant difference of well-being between the rural and urban elderly, the social support variables generally help improve the well-being of the elderly population.

scholarly journals Have We Taken Advantage of the Quarantine to Develop Healthy Habits? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Spanish COVID-19 Situation by Gender

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Miguel Corbí ◽  
Mario Del Líbano ◽  
Almudena Alonso-Centeno ◽  
Aida Gutiérrez-García
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Living Area

The confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in people’s lifestyles, which in part provided an opportunity to develop habits at home. The aims were: (1) to verify if the psychological well-being (PWB) of people related to healthy habits, and if physical activity (PA) and diet mediated this relationship; (2) to test if there were differences in this model of relationships between women and men; (3) to analyze if there were differences in healthy habits, PA, diet, and PWB depending on gender; (4) to test if there were differences in healthy habits, PA, diet, and PWB depending on living area; (5) and to assess if there were interaction effects of gender and living area in healthy habits, PA, diet, and PWB. Using a cross-sectional design, we obtained a sample of 1509 participants (18–78 years, 1020 women). Diet and PA fully mediated the relationship between PWB and healthy habits, and women developed more healthy habits than men, whereas men had higher levels of PA and PWB. We also found that people who lived in rural areas during confinement practiced more PA and had lower PWB levels than those who lived in urban areas. These results can help in the planning of strategies to promote healthy habits.

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