scholarly journals Organization of Volunteer Camps at Historical and Сultural Heritage Sites in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: International Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Н.И. Горлова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Volunteer Organizations ◽  
Volunteer Labor ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
International Volunteer

Цель исследования – выявление принципов и правил организации международных волонтерских кампусов в области сохранения историко-культурного наследия в условиях пандемии COVID-19 на примере деятельности некоммерческих организаций HistoriCorps (США) и Ассоциации REMPART (Франция), специализирующихся в этой сфере. Использованы документы данных организаций, программные материалы по волонтерской работе. Изучены нормы, касающиеся вопросов проживания участников международных проектов, их численности, питания, проезда, организации культурно-досуговой программы и длительности проведения лагеря в период пандемии. Установлено, что во время карантина появились принципиально новые стандарты реализации международных проектов волонтерскими организациями. Сформулированы общие требования к организации волонтерских кампусов: от обеспечения волонтеров средствами индивидуальной защиты до их размещения принимающей стороной, создание системы мониторинга самочувствия волонтеров и сотрудников проекта. The aim of the study was to identify the principles and rules for organizing international volunteer camps in the field of preserving historical and cultural heritage in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic using the example of the activities of non-profit organizations HistoriCorps (USA) and the REMPART Association (France), specializing in this field. The study used reports, guidelines and instructions for working with participants on volunteer camps of these organizations during quarantine and in the subsequent post-pandemic period. The author applies a structural-functional approach using the methods of interpretation of legal norms and a comparative method. The practice of conducting volunteer camps was studied on the example of the activities of the American organization HistoriCorps. The data on the number of volunteers, the number of man-hours, employment conditions, peculiarities of the organization of activities, requirements for the personality, competencies and duties of the head of the volunteer brigade were revealed. The changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related to the rules and principles of preparing HistoriCorps volunteer camps, new requirements for organizing a volunteer camp and creating conditions for safe volunteer activities were investigated in detail. The HistoriCorps protocols regulating the procedure for actions in case of suspected signs of coronavirus infection in project participants were analyzed. The changes in the methodology of conducting volunteer camps, developed by the French volunteer association REMPART and related to the response of this organization to the spread of COVID-19, were studied. Specific actions, helping to ensure the sanitary safety of the participants, were identified in relation to the organization of volunteer labor. It was determined that the condition for participation in the volunteer camp should be the provision of a medical document (the PCR test result), indicating that the candidate does not have COVID-19, the passage of special training on health and safety by employees, and the provision of personal protective equipment to volunteers in accordance with the requirements of local authorities. The study resulted in a generalization of the experience accumulated by international volunteer organizations on taking additional measures related to the safe conduct of camps during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of a number of universal recommendations that can become a practical guide for organizers and participants of volunteer camps, regardless of the location of the projects.

The role of non-governmental institutions in protection of medieval fortification architecture of Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Maksim Terebilov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Governmental Institutions

The subject of this research is the activity of non-profit organizations in aimed at preservation and promotion of the monuments of medieval fortification as an integral part of the cultural heritage of the country of their location. The author carries out the classification of non-profit organizations in Germany dealing with the preservation of monuments of fortification architecture of the Middle Ages. Methodological framework is comprised of typological and systemic analysis used for selecting organizations as the key objects of research, as well analyzing the main vectors of their activity. The author explores most significant projects of the selected organizations, their contribution to preservation of the monuments of fortification architecture on the national and international levels. Special attention is given to the analysis of official Internet resources of such organizations in the German and English languages, as well as to the work with digital databases of the objects under review. The novelty lies in conducting classification of non-governmental communities engaged in preservation of the monuments of medieval fortifications in Germany, which allows systematizing them for considering the experience of foreign colleagues within the framework of the approach towards organizing public projects aimed at preservation of the sites of historical and cultural heritage. The author outlines several priority vectors for providing support to the objects of fortification architecture: informational, scientific, financial and tourist. As a result, the author compiles a chart of classification of non-profit organizations, demonstrates interdependence of public initiatives related to preservation of cultural heritage sites on the ongoing globalization processes that take place in the society. Attention is also turned to the differentiated approach towards preservation of cultural heritage on the national and international levels.

THE NEXUS BETWEEN LOGIC AND GENERAL STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. C. OKOLO ◽  
O. G. F. NWAORGU
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
General Studies ◽  
The University ◽  
Effective Teaching And Learning ◽  
Fallacious Reasoning

Logic, a branch of philosophy, is essentially concerned with one’s ability to reason well. It provides structured rules and principles that act as guides for effective reasoning. As such the correctness or incorrectness of any kind of reasoning can easily be verified by subjecting them to logical techniques and methods. The paper conceptualises general studies as a set of prescribed courses available in a Nigerian tertiary institution, outside a student’s area of specialisation that must be registered for and passed, usually, in the first and second years of study. The essence is to ensure that students experience balanced, rounded education and to ensure that scholarship is made relevant to the pressing needs of the society. The paper locates the bond between logic and general studies based on the fact that logic permeates all the courses taught as General Studies and, indeed, all the courses taught in the university be it medicine, geography, architecture. In a knowledge-based environment, the need for effective communication is critical and inevitable. This means that both in the delivery of knowledge as well as its acquisition, care should be taken to avoid fallacious reasoning and deception by the slippery nature and use of words. It is for this reason that a rudimentary knowledge of logic is a prerequisite for every discipline. The paper adopts an analytical and comparative method. Philosophical analysis and reflection are applied in order to evaluate and highlight the importance of logic to other disciplines. Its comparative character helps to demonstrate why logic, and no any other discipline, is most suited to act as the foundation for all other disciplines. In all, the paper demonstrates that for effective teaching and learning to take place in other disciplines, logic is essential. It also underscores the strong nexus between logic and general studies. Finally, it shows how logic can help in enriching other disciplines.    

States, Secessionist Movements, and the International Recognition Regime

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

This chapter maps out the strategic playing field to better understand the sovereignty game. It analyses the process by which an independence movement becomes a sovereign state and the rules that guide the behavior of secessionists. The chapter then defines states and secessionist movements, and outlines their relationship to one another. It examines the international recognition regime by defining it as the evolving body of international legal norms, rules, and principles that determine when an applicant nation has the right to withdraw from an existing state and become a recognized independent sovereign state. The chapter discusses how and why the regime works, how it evolves over time, and highlights the competing normative demands that sit at the heart of the regime. Using the literature on sovereignty and international law, as well as interviews with UN officials, the chapter specifies the admission process for becoming a recognized sovereign state, and the perceived pathways it creates. It further explains two dimensions of statehood that are important for the theoretical framework of the study. One dimension pertains to the inwardly focused function of the state and its ability to provide political order. The other dimension is outwardly focused and calls attention to recognition by other states.

Volunteering at Landsmót: gaining knowledge and experience.

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Kari Jæger ◽  
Guðrún Helgadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Volunteer Management ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Core ◽  
Icelandic Horse ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
International Volunteer ◽  
Core Activity

Abstract Landsmót (the National Championship of the Icelandic horse), the main equestrian event in Iceland, provides an opportunity to present Icelandic nature and culture in many ways, through horses, clothing, equipment and food. Landsmót is a biennial sports event which has become a meeting place for local and national participants (audience and volunteers) and also international audiences and volunteer tourists. It provides access to what is commonly termed 'the world of the Icelandic horse'. The findings in this chapter are based on interviews with volunteers and fieldwork at the Landsmót event at Hólar, Iceland, in 2016. There were two types of volunteers at the event: volunteer tourists who signed up due to their interest in the core activity; and members of local non-profit associations that took on tasks for the event as a fundraising activity. The findings suggest that these two groups require different volunteer management approaches and that a clearer strategy for managing international volunteer tourists is needed to meet their needs and expectations of the event community and to facilitate their co-creation of memorable experiences.

The Criminalization of Workplace Harassment and Abuse

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Alan Bogg ◽  
Mark Freedland
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Workplace Harassment ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Response ◽  
Organizational Framing ◽  
Extensive Body

This chapter considers the legal treatment of workplace harassment and abuse. In the wake of social and political activism focused on sexual harassment, the legal regulation of harassment has been under intensive scrutiny. In the English context, harassment is already regulated by an extensive body of legal norms. The Protection from Harassment Act 1997 is an interesting example where legislation provides for parallel tortious and criminal liability for the same wrong. The chapter develops the idea that criminal liability has had a ‘dragging’ effect on the civil liability regime, the effect of which has been to undermine the effectiveness of the legal response. This is because the paradigm of criminal liability has treated harassment as a personalized wrong, reflecting the structure of the criminal process to allocate censure and blame to culpable agents. The effect of this has been to obscure the structural and organizational context to harassment and abuse, which propagates in circumstances of insecurity, precarity, and non-decent work. As an alternative, the chapter defends an organizational framing of criminal liability based upon a health and safety model. It develops this model of criminal liability drawing upon the value of human dignity.

Enhancing Compliance under the General Data Protection Regulation: The Risky Upshot of the Accountability- and Risk-based Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia QUELLE
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
New Approach ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
General Data ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms

The risk-based approach has been introduced to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to make the rules and principles of data protection law “work better”. Organisations are required to calibrate the legal norms in the GDPR with an eye to the risks posed to the rights and freedoms of individuals. This article is devoted to an analysis of the way in which this new approach relates to “tick-box” compliance. How can the law enhance itself? If handled properly by controllers and supervisory authorities, the risk-based approach can bring about a valuable shift in data protection towards substantive protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. While the risk-based approach has a lot of potential, it also has a risk of its own: it relies on controllers to improve compliance, formulating what it means to attain compliance 2.0.

The Medic-Alert Foundation, International Extension Program

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
Alfred A. Hodder ◽  
Douglas S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
The People ◽  
Volunteer Organizations ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Medical Identification ◽  
Extension Program

From the Medic Alert Foundation International, PO Box 1009, Turlock, CA 95381 USA.Medic Alert Foundation International is dedicated to the thesis that one universally recognized symbol of emergency medical identification will best serve all people. This is why Medic Alert conducts an active program to expand its services internationally.Volunteer groups in 17 countries presently provide Medic Alert services to over 1.7 million people worldwide. The Foundation's purpose is to give a lifetime of fast reliable protection for a modest, one-time fee. Medic Alert is a non-profit, tax-exempt and charitable organization.The volunteer organizations in these 17 countries are affiliated with the international headquarters in the United States, but each is autonomous in providing protection to the people of its nation. National boards and staffs actually deliver the total services to their members within their country.

scholarly journals Private Governance, State Regulation and Employment Standards: How Political Factors Shape their Nexus in Australian Horticulture

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Underhill ◽  
Malcolm Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Temporary Migrants

The global weakness of collective bargaining and state regulation has spawned growing interest in employment protection though private governance. However, scepticism about the efficacy of unsupervised codes of conduct has triggered debate about external discipline through state regulation. This article seeks to contribute to debates about the processes that shape the nexus between private governance and state regulation. It is based on an empirical study of Australian harvest workers who formally benefit from state regulation of pay and occupational health and safety (OHS). However, industry changes have undercut standards. Product market pressures from supermarkets squeeze growers’ capacity to pay. Also, the labour market is increasingly supplied by vulnerable Asian temporary migrants (including undocumented workers), often supplied to growers by unscrupulous temporary work agencies. While pay and OHS practices vary, many harvest workers are exploited. Nor is private governance (which extends to horticulture through the codes of conduct of supermarkets and peak temporary work agency bodies) effective. All codes draw their standards from minimum legal employment conditions, and all possess loopholes allowing breaches to escape attention and rectification. In 2015, media and political attention fell on the working conditions of temporary migrants in horticulture. Government inquiries found evidence of exploitation, but were divided over solutions. Progressive politicians (influenced by unions) favoured stronger state enforcement powers and temporary work agency licensing. Conservative politicians (influenced by business lobbies) claimed these steps would fail, and favoured the status quo. Political reform therefore stalled. This study illustrates the importance of political processes in shaping the nexus between state regulation and private governance. In this case, a political stalemate leaves both regulation and governance deficient. Lacking protection from either source, harvest workers remain exposed to exploitative employment conditions.

Revisiting reciprocity in international volunteering

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Lough ◽  
Willy Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
International Volunteering ◽  
International Volunteers ◽  
Volunteer Organizations ◽  
Fair Distribution ◽  
International Volunteer

This article critically examines reciprocity in international volunteering. It first highlights tensions and unintended consequences that can emerge when pursuing reciprocal relationships between host-country partners and international volunteers or volunteer-sending organizations. It then reconsiders how to determine equal or fair distribution of benefits between stakeholders when some benefits are material and some are intangible. It then presents a typology of different modalities of reciprocity practiced or aspired to by contemporary international volunteer organizations. The article aims to provoke more nuanced consideration of when, if or under what conditions different forms of reciprocity may be possible or even desirable.

scholarly journals THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MODERN LEGAL SOCIAL STUDIES AND OUR PAST NOT RETHOUGHT ERRORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Фанис Раянов
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Urgent Task

An urgent task in the field of updating the theoretical and methodological foundations of the current post-Soviet development of science "Theory of State and Law" is searching for a methodology that would contribute to the successful development of our entire Russian society. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze and clarify the reasons for the national theoretical legal science departure from the natural legal foundations of its development in Soviet times. The methods for achieving this purpose are, first, the historical and theoretical description of the generality of natural legal norms and principles origin and their objective influence on the entire legislative and law enforcement practice. For this, the techniques of a specialized social science approach are used. The comparative method is also used in the form of positive experience in conducting social science matters in a number of foreign countries. Results: the study makes it possible to identify the ways of the influence of globalization processes on the intensification of the use of natural legal methods of development of juridical law in different, especially in developed countries of the world. The author substantiates the conclusion that Russian theoretical legal science can develop successfully if in its development it relies more fully on a specialized social science method.

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