scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL PROPERTY OF THE ECOLOGICAL CULTURES MYCOBACTERIUM VACCAE

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
I. A. Biben ◽  
O. I. Sosnitskyi ◽  
V. V. Zazharsky ◽  
A. O. Sosnitska
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Mycobacterium Vaccae ◽  
Mutual Adaptation ◽  
Genus Mycobacterium

Prokaryotes of the genus Mycobacterium occupy an important evolutionary and historical place in the system of microorganisms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organization in the Earth's biosphere. These are the most ancient microorganisms that have passed a long historical path of mutual adaptation with the evolving biosphere over billions of years. Antiquity of origin is very important in the process of developing a stable and at the same time adaptive genomic apparatus, which provides genetic information support for the very diverse physiological needs of a carrier of a given genotype in the constantly changing conditions of the environment of existence and creating competitive advantages over similar carriers of gene programs in the limited space of a specific ecosystem. A significant species diversity of prokaryotes of the genus Mycobacterium is a consequence of the wide divergence of the ancestral ancestor species of the sapronous type in the process of soil formation from lithotrophic forms to the highest degree of bioparasitism in the form of highly specialized infectious pathogens with pronounced pathogenicity, invasiveness and the potential ability to take root in an internal macroorganism and an extremely effective antagonist the immune system of supervision over the genetic homeostasis of a macroorganism with a paradigm of tolerance to its genetically own and categorical intolerance to carriers of geneticaly foreign information. Only a small number of mycobacterial species have adapted to the internal environment of eukaryotic macroorganisms as a result of the suppression of the protective mechanisms of the lymphoid system by pathogenic factors. The path of symbiotic relationships, mutually beneficial interpopulation, turned out to be much more effective. As a result, a dynamic microbial organ arose - the microbiota of the large intestine, inhabited by indigenous and transient microbionts, among which Mycobacterium vaccae occupy an important place. Ecological strains "K", "N", "Gk", "Gn" of Mycobacterium vaccae were isolated and identified by conventional bacteriological methods. Examined their basic properties. The strains possessed morpho-tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties characteristic of the species, were apathogenic for laboratory animals when administered parenterally, caused short-term sensitization to mycobacterial antigens and induced antitilogenesis. In broiler chickens on fattening with oral feeding of live culture, they stimulated metabolism, increased weight gain and increased the protective properties of the nonspecific link of the immune reactivity of the macroorganism. Strains of atypical mycobacteria were isolated on the territory of one poultry farm and had similar biocharacteristics; they are suitable for use as probiotics to increase nonspecific resistance, stimulate the physiological functions of the macroorganism, increase weight gain and improve feed payment.

MARKETING AS AN ECONOMIC CATEGORY OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR STANDARDIZATION OF PRODUCT QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Grymak ◽  
◽  
Iryna Kravtsiv ◽  
Iryna Urban ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Product Standardization ◽  
Marketing Information ◽  
Veterinary Products

The problem of ensuring high quality products in general, including for veterinary medicine, at this stage of economic development is perhaps the most important not only economic, sectoral, but also social component. Among other measures, an important role is given to information aspects of product standardization and quality management. In this important place is given to marketing as a mechanism of analysis and information support of the market of veterinary products. The essence of marketing is the collection, generalization and analysis of information about the market, products, their requests, assessment of the competitiveness of products, its range, compliance with standards in production, the effectiveness of advertising. This information allows you to track the strengths and weaknesses of competitors, the capabilities of their enterprises. The importance of marketing information is that it can provide data on the use of production resources, organization of supply of products in circulation, analyzes the potential of the market, including its share that belongs to the company, and assesses pricing, distribution and promotion. The practice and experience of leading foreign and domestic enterprises confirms the need for continuous improvement of information support for standardization and quality systems, which will contribute to better use of their resource potential and, accordingly, to ensure stable and efficient operation of enterprises.

Effect of Oral Motor Intervention on Oral Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Danna Chen ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Chujie Chen ◽  
Pu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Motor ◽  
Feeding Efficiency

Objective This review article aimed to explore the effect of oral motor intervention on oral feeding in preterm infants through a meta-analysis. Method Eligible studies were retrieved from four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to July 2020 and screened based on established selection criteria. Thereafter, relevant data were extracted and heterogeneity tests were conducted to select appropriate effect models according to the chi-square test and I 2 statistics. Assessment of risk of bias was performed among the included studies. Finally, a meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of oral motor intervention in preterm infants according to four clinical indicators: transition time for oral feeding, length of hospital stay, feeding efficiency, and weight gain. Results Eighteen randomized controlled trials with 848 participants were selected to evaluate the effect of oral motor intervention on preterm infants. The meta-analysis results revealed that oral motor intervention could effectively reduce the transition time to full oral feeds and the length of hospital stay as well as increase feeding efficiency and weight gain. Conclusions Oral motor intervention was an effective way to improve oral feeding in preterm infants. It is worthy to be used widely in hospitals to improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants and reduce the economic burdens of families and society. Future studies should seek to identify detailed intervention processes and intervention durations for clinical application.

scholarly journals Effect of Four Approaches to Oral Feeding Progression on Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita H. Pickler ◽  
Barbara A. Reyna ◽  
Paul A. Wetzel ◽  
Mary Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Infant Neurodevelopment ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Late Start ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Background. The purpose of this study of preterm infants was to test the effect of four approaches to the time of transition from gavage to full oral feedings, time to discharge, and weight gain during the transition.Methods. A randomized experimental design was used with four intervention groups: early start (32 weeks’ postmenstrual age)/slow progressing experience (gradually increasing oral feedings offered per day); early start/maximum experience (oral feedings offered at every feeding opportunity); late start (34 weeks’ postmenstrual age)/slow progressing experience; and late start/maximum experience.Results. The analysis included 86 preterm infants. Once oral feedings were initiated, infants in the late start/maximum experience group achieved full oral feeding and were discharged to home significantly sooner than infants in either early start group. Although not significantly different, these infants also achieved these outcomes sooner than infants in the late start/slow progressing experience group. There were no differences in weight gain across groups.Conclusions. Results suggest starting oral feedings later in preterm infants may result in more rapid transition to full oral feedings and discharge although not at early postnatal ages. Provision of a more consistent approach to oral feeding may support infant neurodevelopment and reduce length of hospitalization.

scholarly journals LECTURE IN A MODERN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN A MIXED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Miziuk V.M.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Training Specialists

У статті розкрито авторський підхід до підготовки й проведення лекційних занять у закладах вищої освіти в умовах змішаного навчання. Визначено, що розвиток цифрових технологій, впровадження інфор-маційно-комунікаційних технологій в освітній процес, поширення електронних освітніх ресурсів відкри-того доступу, а також необхідність дотримання парадигми компетентнісного підходу в процесі підготовки фахівців зумовлюють пошук нових форм взаємодії викладачів і студентів. На основі аналізу наукових досліджень виявлено, що лекція як форма заняття посідає важливе місце в системі підготовки фахівців протягом багатьох століть. Беручи до уваги, що у сучасному цифровому суспільстві лекція перестає бути єдиним джерелом отримання знань, акцентована цінність її з боку ознайомлення студентів з основними науковими й теоретичними положеннями предметної галузі. Зауважено, що зменшення кількості годин на лекційні заняття і збільшення їх на самостійну роботу не вирішує проблему пасивності студентів під час слухання лекцій, адже самостійну роботу важко контролювати, а за відсутності у студентів мотивації до навчання і навичок самостійно вчитися якість їх підготовки значно страждає. Обґрунтовано, що застосу-вання інтерактивних лекцій ефективне за умов попереднього ознайомлення студентів з матеріалом теми, за наявності у них навичок критичного мислення й вироблення комунікаційних умінь. Автором наголошено, що змішане навчання сприяє підвищенню ефективності самостійної роботи, організації різних форм і методів активного пізнання й творчої роботи студентів, у тому числі й під час лекційних занять. Наведено результати експериментальної роботи з провадження технологій змішано-го навчання у підготовці й проведенні лекцій з курсу «Методика навчання інформатики». Запропоно-вано авторську структуру підготовки до проведення лекцій за допомогою електронного середовища LMS Moodle, приклади різнорівневих завдань, які варто пропонувати перед лекцією, під час її читання і після неї. Результати дослідження дали змогу автору зробити висновки, що змішане навчання компен-сує невеликі часові обсяги лекційних занять за допомогою інформаційної підтримки у вигляді елек-тронного освітнього ресурсу, забезпечить налаштування інтерактивної взаємодії студентів і викладача у процесі навчання, а використання системи Moodle допоможе педагогу наповнити курс різноманітни-ми завданнями та налаштувати комунікацію зі студентами з метою збільшення продуктивної взаємодії лектора з аудиторією та перевірки рівня засвоєння матеріалу. The article reveals the author’s approach to the preparation and conduct of lectures in institutions of higher education in a mixed learning environment. It is determined that the development of digital technologies, the introduction of information and communication technologies in the educational process, the spread of electronic educational resources of open access, as well as the need to comply with the paradigm of competence-based approach in the process of training specialists determine the search for new forms of interaction between teachers and students. Based on the analysis of scientific research, it is revealed that the lecture as a form of occupation holds an important place in the system of training specialists for many centuries. Taking into account that in the modern digital society, a lecture is no longer the only source of knowledge, its value from the side of familiarizing students with the main scientific and theoretical provisions of the subject area is emphasized. It is noted that reducing the number of hours for lectures and increasing them for independent work does not solve the problem of students’ passivity while listening to lectures, because independent work is difficult to control, and in the absence of students’ motivation to learn and skills to learn independently, the quality of their training significantly suffers. It is proved that the use of interactive lectures is effective if students are first acquainted with the material of the topic, if they have critical thinking skills and develop communication skills. The author notes that mixed learning contributes to the effectiveness of independent work, the organization of various forms and methods of active learning and creative work of students, including during lectures. The results of experimental work on the implementation of mixed learning technologies in the preparation and conduct of lectures on the course “Methods of teaching computer science” are presented. It is offered to implement author’s structure of preparation for lectures using the electronic environment LMS Moodle, examples of multi-level tasks that should be offered before the lecture, during the reading and after it. The results of the study allowed the author to conclude that mixed learning will make up a small temporary amounts of lectures through information support in the form of e-learning resources, ensure the setup of interactive communication between students and the lecturer in the learning process, and the use of Moodle helps educator to fill a variety of course tasks and to configure the communication with students to increase productive interaction of the lecturer with the audience and test the level of mastering the material.

GRAVITATIONAL FACTOR AS A BASE OF THE EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION OF ANIMAL ORGANISMS TO ACTIVITIES IN THEEARTH CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
O.L. Vinogradova ◽  
◽  
E.S. Tomilovskaya ◽  
I.B. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Vestibular Apparatus ◽  
Gravitational Unloading ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Antiorthostatic Hypokinesia ◽  
Cardiovascular Systems

A review of the currently available ideas about the role of gravitational factor in the activity of the sensorimotor and cardiovascular systems, as well as new fundamental problems and questions for space medicine and physiology, is presented. The review presents data on the embryogenesis of animals under conditions of weightlessness, the evolution of the motor and cardiovascular systems and the peculiarities of their functioning under conditions of gravity, as well as in the change of gravitational load. Much attention is paid to the results of unique studies in modeling gravitational unloading on Earth: antiorthostatic hypokinesia, dry immersion and suspension, which made it possible to study the mechanisms of regulation of various body systems under conditions of altered gravity. Terrestrial organisms have learned to function in the gravitational field. Almost all systems of their body are gravitationally dependent. However, the extent and mechanisms of this dependence have long remained unclear. Space flights have opened up the possibility of studying the activity of living systems in the absence of gravity. Among the factors mediating the effect of weightlessness on the motor system, changes in the activity of sensory systems occupy an important place. Under the Earth conditions, the afferent support of motion control systems is polyreceptive: this is vision, and the vestibular apparatus, supporting and muscular afferentations. In zero gravity, the activity of some channels is completely eliminated (support afferentation), others are distorted (vestibular apparatus), and still others are weakened (proprioception). Similar processes occur in the cardiovascular system: with the loss of the pressure gradient caused by gravity, profound changes occur in the structure and functioning of the heart and vessels, both resistive and capacitive. The question of how much the various changes occurring in the cardiovascular system are associated with the disappearance of the gravitationally dependent pressure gradient is still open. It is not possible to solve all the problems of gravitational physiology In space flights. Therefore, various methods have been developed for simulating gravitational unloading on Earth. New data on the mechanisms of changes occurring in the sensorimotor system were obtained by comparing flight data and data obtained in model experiments. The fundamental problem for the gravitational physiology of cardiovascular system is the degree of correspondence of the changes observed in laboratory animals and under model conditions (antiorthostatic hypokinesia, immersion, suspension) with the changes that are recorded in real space flight in humans. This problem is specially discussed in the review. At the same time, in the light of the upcoming interplanetary expeditions, many questions remain unresolved, in particular, the problems of post-flight readaptation of the motor and cardiovascular systems to gravity conditions. This is a fight against loss of strength, endurance, orthostatic instability. The development and improvement of a system for preventing the negative effects of space flight factors is impossible without understanding the mechanisms of development of the observed changes.

Emblica officinalis – Anti-obesity activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iram Nazish ◽  
Shahid H Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Emblica Officinalis ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Context Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (family-Phyllanthaceae) fruits, known commonly as amla, is extensively used in Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various disorders. The ethanolic E. officinalis extract is reported to have various activity such as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in experimental animals. Objective To evaluate anti-obesity effect of aqueous E. officinalis extract in murine model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats fed with HFD (20 g/day/rat, p.o) for a period of 42 days were used to induce obesity. Aqueous E. officinalis extract (20 mg/kg bw) administered orally to HFD-fed rats from day 8 to 50 days for a period of 42 days. Body weight gain, serum lipids, insulin and leptin parameters were measured. Results Oral feeding of the aqueous E. officinalis extract (20 mg/kg) to HFD-induced obese rats for a period of 42 days resulted in significant reduction in body weight gain, insulin, leptin, lipids as compared to rats fed HFD alone. Further, the extract also showed significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels. Discussion and conclusions These results show that aqueous E. officinalis extract possess significant anti-obesity potential.

scholarly journals Micro-business in France: specificity, role in the national economy, system of state support

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-777
Author(s):  
Zhanna N. Komissarova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Current Development ◽  
State Support ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Micro-business functioning has a significant impact on the state of the economy and social sphere of any country. The French pattern is noteworthy because a country, that had been aiming at the development of large groups for a long time earlier, only in two decades managed to build a successful system of governmental support for micro-business that includes both specific and common measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study attempts to identify current development trends of the micro-business in France and also to analyse the effectiveness of the state support system provided for the activities of the considered category of the economic entities. Depending on the nature of the subject matter, the author used such methods and approaches of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, system-structural, comparative and statistical analysis. The study analyses in detail the current development trends of the micro-business in France, including its sectorial and regional specifics, estimates the contribution of micro-enterprises to the economic and social development of the country and deeply examines the system of state support. Micro-enterprises take an important place in the French economy by providing one fifth of the employment in the country and the same share of value added. Meanwhile, micro-enterprises are quite weakly oriented towards export because their activities are targeted mainly at the local markets and concentrated in the services sector. Micro-enterprises contribute little to research and development (considering the percentage of total expenditure on research and development and the percentage of total employment in scientific research sector). However, micro-business remains an absolute leader in terms of research and development intensity by spending almost one third of its turnover on researches and considering the share of the direct financial assistance from the state in total expenditures on scientific researches. To date, a sufficiently effective system of public support to micro-business has been formed in France. Apart from providing financial assistance, the system includes substantial tax benefits and simplified taxation schemes, easy reporting system and simple procedures for filing tax return, facilitated social regime, simplification of major bureaucratic formalities and strong information support in all stages of functioning of an enterprise.

Determinants of high-fat diet hyperphagia: experimental dissection of orosensory and postingestive effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. R30-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. S. Warwick ◽  
H. P. Weingarten
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

High-fat diets often promote greater caloric intake and/or weight gain than high-carbohydrate diets in both laboratory animals and humans. Because altering the fat content of a diet simultaneously changes both its sensory properties and postingestive effects, it is unclear whether high-fat hyperphagia is due to the diet's palatability, its postingestive effects, or both. The present studies isolated the independent capacity of the orosensory and postingestive effects of a liquid high-fat diet (High-Fat) to produce overeating relative to an isocaloric liquid high-carbohydrate (High-CHO) diet. Rats fed High-Fat orally ate more calories and gained more weight over 16 days than rats fed High-CHO orally. One-bottle sham-feeding intake of High-Fat and High-CHO did not differ, but in two-bottle sham-feeding tests High-Fat was clearly preferred. When orosensory influences on intake were equated via chronic self-regulated intragastric feeding, High-Fat still promoted greater intake than High-CHO, although absolute intake across both diets was lower during intragastric feeding relative to oral feeding. An analysis of short-term intake revealed that rats accustomed to infusion of High-CHO increased meal size immediately when switched to High-Fat. The present results, coupled with previous findings, suggest that the postingestive effects of fat enhance daily caloric intake in two ways: 1) during a meal, fat produces less suppression of intake per calorie than carbohydrate; and 2) after a meal, fat produces less suppression of intake per calorie during the intermeal interval than carbohydrate.

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