scholarly journals Persahabatan: Sumbangsih Moralitas Tradisi Kristen bagi Moralitas Bangsa Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Hendrawan Wijoyo
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
False Claim

Untuk betul-betul menjadi terang, kekristenan perlu menggumulkan sumbangsihnya bagi moralitas bangsa. Menggunakan ide tradisi Alasdair MacIntyre dan teologi natural Alister McGrath, penulis menawarkan sebuah konstruksi teologi yang membuka kemungkinan ide moralitas Kristen diperhitungkan dalam pembicaraan moralitas bangsa. Penulis kemudian menawarkan konsep persahabatan dalam kekristenan sebagai contoh nyata sumbangsih kekristenan bagi moralitas bangsa. Kata-kata Kunci: Alasdair MacIntyre, Alister McGrath, Aristoteles, Etika, Persahabatan, Teologi Publik, Thomas Aquinas   English: Christians in Indonesia are often depicted as free riders who don’t contribute much to Indonesian’s independence and life as nation. This is a false claim. However, Christianity does need to offer a greater contribution, especially in the area of moral thought of Indonesia which is dominated by Islamic theology and secular ideas. Using the framework of Alasdair MacIntyre and Alister McGrath, this article constructs a theological and philosophical basis for Christianity’s contribution for the nation’s morality discussions. In the later part of this article, a Christian conception of friendship will be offered as an example of a Christian contribution. Keywords: Alasdair MacIntyre, Alister McGrath, Aristotle, Ethic, Friendship, Public Theology, Thomas Aquinas

Nature, Ethics, and the Doctrine of ‘Habitus’: Aristotelian Moral Psychology in the Twelfth Century

Traditio ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary J. Nederman
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Technical Vocabulary ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy ◽  
Latin Version

Among the range of moral concepts that the Middle Ages derived from Aristotle, few exercised greater influence than the doctrine of habitus (a term ordinarily translated as ‘habit,’ but more properly meaning ‘state’ or ‘condition’). In the thirteenth century, such prominent thinkers as Thomas Aquinas, Godfrey of Fontaines, Duns Scotus, and William of Ockham placed habitus (derived from the Greek term ἅξις) near the heart of their studies of ethics. It is largely possible to explain thirteenth-century interest in the concept of habitus on the basis of the appearance of Robert Grosseteste's full translation of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. Grosseteste's Latin version, taken in conjunction with a growing interest in the field of ethics among arts masters, rendered the technical vocabulary of Aristotelian moral thought into a commonplace of scholastic philosophy.

George Grant's Justice

Dialogue ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Bernard Williams ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
George Grant ◽  
English Speaking

In 1974, George Grant delivered the Josiah Wood lectures at Mount Allison University on the theme English-Speaking Justice. The lectures, first published in 1978, have been republished, and a volume of later essays on somewhat related themes has recently appeared. Grant's work offers an impressionistic but deep challenge to the conception of justice in modern moral thought and practice, a challenge paralleled, in interesting and important ways, by concerns about morality raised in the writings of such persons as Alasdair MacIntyre, Bernard Williams, and, perhaps more surprisingly, J. L. Mackie. In this review, I want briefly to expound Grant's treatment of justice, to exhibit its relationships to other disquieting accounts, and to suggest some of the resources available to contractarian moral theory for lightening what for Grant is a terrifying darkness.

Antropo-etica della vulnerabilità al tempo del Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 819-840
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara De Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
Ethical Reflections

Concern for human vulnerability seems to be at the heart of the recent sanitary emergency. The aim of this article is to show why actual reflections on Covid-19 need an adequately theorized conception of vulnerability. We first review anthropological and ethical approaches to vulnerability in two of the main authors of the classical-medieval tradition: Aristoteles and Thomas Aquinas, proving that they include the vulnerability in their reflections. The thought of these authors is then combined with the ethical reflections of the contemporary philosophers Alasdair MacIntyre and Marta Nussbaum, identifying some of the challenges emerging from these authors. In particular, we wonder how to reconcile constitutive human vulnerability, which reappears manifestly after Covid-19, with the general tendency to be scared from or to avoid it. We then briefly propose theoretical concepts, such as humility, care and creativity, available within the philosophical literature, to address these challenges.

scholarly journals Psychic wholeness in the context of Anna Terruwe and Conrad Baars’ theory of repressive neuroses

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lipska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saint Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neurotic Disorder ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Intellectual Control

In the 1970s, two Dutch psychiatrists, Anna Terruwe and Conrad Baars, developed an innovative theory and therapy of repressive neuroses. Their theory was founded on the philosophical anthropology of Saint Thomas Aquinas. This approach to neuroses stemmed from the observation that contemporary psychiatry and psychology lacked philosophical underpinnings and that sciences thus formed were unable to help people. The key concept in the theory of repressive neuroses is psychic wholeness—the unity of the senses, the intellect, and will under the natural guidance of the last two of these. Stressing the great importance of this wholeness of human sensory and intellectual faculties for mental health has its consequences in the approach to and treatment of repressive neuroses. Every neurotic disorder is a kind of disintegration (repression of emotions and lack of intellectual control); therefore, the therapeutic process is supposed to effect a reintegration of distinct human faculties. The article presents the concept of psychic wholeness in the context of the theory of repressive neuroses, with special focus on Aquinas’ anthropology as the philosophical basis for this theory. Bowen’s concept of differentiation of self is also discussed and its similarities to psychic wholeness are pointed out.

Catholic Natural Law and Business Ethics

2001 ◽  
pp. 107-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Velasquez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Basic Goods ◽  
Right Reason

This article describes Catholic natural law tradition by examining its origins in the medieval penitentials, the papal decretals, the writings of Thomas Aquinas, and seventeenth-century casuistry. Catholic natural law emerges as a flexible ethic that conceives of human nature as rational and as oriented to certain basic goods that ought to be pursued and whose pursuit is made possible by the virtues. Four approaches to natural law that have evolved within the United States during the twentieth century are then identified, including the traditionalist, proportionalist, right reason, and historicist approaches. The normative implications of these approaches are discussed in relation to ethical issues in the tobacco industry, ITT under Geneen, the marketing of pharmaceuticals, affirmative action, and bribery. It is argued that Alasdair MacIntyre is correct in claiming that the natural law tradition issuperior to the liberal ethics of modern deontology and utilitarianism.

One True Cause

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Philosophical Theology ◽  
Nicolas Malebranche ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The French philosopher Nicolas Malebranche popularized the doctrine of occasionalism in the late seventeenth century. Occasionalism is the thesis that God alone is the true cause of everything that happens in the world, and created substances are merely “occasional causes.” This doctrine was originally developed in medieval Islamic theology, and was widely rejected in the works of Christian authors in medieval Europe. Yet despite its heterodoxy, occasionalism was revived starting in the 1660s by French and Dutch followers of the philosophy of René Descartes. Since the 1970s, there has been a growing body of literature on Malebranche and occasionalism. There has also been new work on the Cartesian occasionalists before Malebranche—including Arnold Geulincx, Gerauld de Cordemoy, and Louis de la Forge. But to date there has not been a systematic, book-length study of the reasoning that led Cartesian thinkers to adopt occasionalism, and the relationship of their arguments to Descartes’s own views. This book expands on recent scholarship, to provide the first comprehensive account of seventeenth-century occasionalism. Part I contrasts occasionalism with a theory of divine providence developed by Thomas Aquinas, in response to medieval occasionalists; it shows that Descartes’ philosophy is compatible with Aquinas’ theory, on which God “concurs” in all the actions of created beings. Part II reconstructs the arguments of Cartesians—such as Cordemoy and La Forge—who used Cartesian physics to argue for occasionalism. Finally, it shows how Malebranche’s case for occasionalism combines philosophical theology with Cartesian metaphysics and mechanistic science.

Pre-Modern Ethics, Authoritative Narratives, and the Tribunal

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer Booth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Patient Narratives ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Aristotelian Ethics

This chapter applies the modified philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre to mental health law, and in particular to the mental health tribunal. The natural law approach of Thomas Aquinas is used to assist in this. It is argued that, for law to be just in pre-modern terms, it requires that it be assessed as rational together with the care it supports as a single entity. As such, according to a modified version of the Thomistic Aristotelian ethics of MacIntyre, justice would require reconciliation of both doctor and patient narratives regarding care, possibly at the tribunal. It is suggested that psychiatric intensive care, in particular, could benefit from this approach. The approach might be seen as an additional protection to human rights-based considerations. It is also argued that the tribunal can be seen differently, according to the tradition of enquiry.

scholarly journals Usulan a. Macintyre Kembali ke Etika Keutamaan : Sebuah Solusi atau Nostalgia Belaka?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
J. Sudarminta
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Global Ethics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Enlightenment Project ◽  
Reasonable Ground ◽  
Rational Ground ◽  
Moral Nihilism

<p><strong>Abtract :</strong> As an alternative to the impasse of the modern-enlightenment project in ethics, Alasdair MacIntyre suggests to recourse to virtue-ethics. This article will present first, what MacIntyre means by the modern-enlightenment project in ethics, secondly, his critique of that project, especially his arguments why such ethics is bound to fail. Thirdly, why, according to him, developing virtue-ethics, somewhat like the Aristotelian-Thomistic model, will provide a solution to the impasse. Finally, I would like to make a short evaluation of MacIntyre’s suggestion by focusing on the question whether his suggestion to recourse to virtue-ethics is just a nostalgia to the past as criticized by Ross Poole. I will argue in this article that, despite MacIntyre’s failure to give concrete examples of good modern ethical communities that live out his model of virtue-ethics, as Poole has rightly pointed out, as long as human being can still agree on certain basic human values upon which global ethics of virtue can be built, MacIntyre’s suggestion is not simply a nostalgic recourse to the past as Ross Poole believes. MacIntyre’s recourse to virtue-ethics can indeed provide solution to overcome the danger of moral nihilism looming over the modern-enlightenment project and it can also provide reasonable ground for living ethically.</p><p><em>Keywords : Ethics of virtue, Modern-enlightenment project, Nostalgia, Solution, Rational ground, Nihilism.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak :</strong> Sebagai usulan guna mengatasi kegagalan di bidang  etika proyek modern-pencerahan, Alasdair MacIntyre menawarkan ajakan untuk kembali ke etika keutamaan. Tulisan ini pertama-tama bermaksud menjelaskan apa yang ia maksudkan dengan proyek<strong></strong> modern-perncerahan, khususnya di bidang etika dan mengapa proyek seperti itu, menurut MacIntyre, niscaya gagal. Kemudian akan dikaji mengapa baginya membuat langkah kembali ke etika keutamaan model Aristoteles dan Thomas Aquinas akan dapat mengatasi kegagalan tersebut. Akhirnya, sebuah evaluasi singkat terhadap usulan MacIntyre akan diberikan. Dalam artikel ini akan ditunjukkan bahwa, lepas dari kegagalan MacIntyre untuk memberikan contoh kongkret komunitas etis modern yang mengayati etika keutamaan yang ia cita-citakan, sebagaimana telah dengan tepat ditunjukkan oleh Poole, asalkan umat manusia, sampai batas tertentu, masih dapat  menyepakati adanya nilai-nilai dasar kemanusiaan atas dasar mana sebuah etika keutamaan yang berisfat global dapat dibangun, usulan MacIntyre untuk kembali ke etika keutamaan, bukanlah sekedar suatu bentuk nostalgia ke masa lalu seperti dikemukakan oleh Ross Poole dalam kritiknya. Usulan itu sesungguhnya memang dapat memberi jalan keluar mengatasi bahaya nihilisme moral yang membayangi proyek etika modern-pencerahan serta dapat memberi dasar yang masuk akal untuk hidup secara etis.</p><em>Kata Kunci : Etika keutamaan, Proyek pencerahan modern,  Nostalgia, Solusi, Landasan rasional, Nihilisme.</em>

scholarly journals Funciones normativas y voluntad de signo

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (44) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto J. Vernengo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Empirical Expression ◽  
Moral Thought ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship

Legal philosophers and logicians study problems related to the syntactical and semantical aspects of norms, without worrying about the ilocutionary aspects of their use. With Kelsen 's posthumous work, the Allgemeine Theorie der Normen, and the new preoccupations of deontic logicians, it seems that what is called the "normative functions" of norms are becoming a central point of the discussions between logicians and philosophers of law and moralists. Traditionally, the ilocutionary aspects of norms has been construed as the question of the empirical manifestation of the will, as it is suppossed that every norm expresses somebody's will. Nevertheless, that thesis -although traditional in legal and moral thought- implies some metaphysical presuppositions concerning the ontological status of what is called "the will" which must be brought to light if jurisprudence is going to attain a modern scientific approach. In Kelsen's work it seems clear that the relationship between das Sollen and das Wollen is where that old metaphysical idea regains strength. It can be found in Thomas Aquinas -and the c1assicalscholastics- a sort of theory on the empirical expression of acts of will, know as signa voluntatis, which keeps close and analogy with the normative functions of modern jurisprudence. Perhaps the theory of positive law, as manifestation of signa voluntatis, would establish a bridge between modern legal positivism and some forms of classical natural law.

Natural Law and Business Ethics

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Velasquez ◽  
F. Neil Brady
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Basic Goods ◽  
Right Reason

Abstract:We describe the Catholic natural law tradition by examining its origins in the medieval penitentials, the papal decretals, the writings of Thomas Aquinas, and seventeenth century casuistry. Catholic natural law emerges as a flexible ethic that conceives of human nature as rational and as oriented to certain basic goods that ought to be pursued and whose pursuit is made possible by the virtues. We then identify four approaches to natural law that have evolved within the United States during the twentieth century, including the traditionalist, proportionalist, right reason, and historicist approaches. The normative implications of these approaches are discussed in relation to ethical issues in the tobacco industry, ITT under Geneen, the marketing of pharmaceuticals, affirmative action, and bribery. It is argued that Alasdair MacIntyre is correct in claiming that the natural law tradition is superior to the liberal ethics of modern deontology and utilitarianism.

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