The Ras Tafari Movement - its Genesis and Functions

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Ewa Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Early Analysis ◽  
Marcus Garvey

This article is an early analysis of the then nascent Ras Tafari movement. The movement is described as both religious and political. A short historical overview of the movement's development is presented along with a brief biography of Marcus Garvey, its most important figure. It also summarizes early Rastafari ideas related with emigration to Africa. The emergence of Rastafarian ideas is explained using a psychological approach to social movements; Rastafarianism is suggested to be a manifestation of protest against the living conditions in Jamaica.

Organized Labor and Social Conflict in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Saori Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Classic Model

This chapter analyzes the development of the Japanese labor movement throughout the postwar period. With some exceptions, workers in Japan have been predominantly organized in unions that have had a commitment to a relatively non-confrontational approach toward industrial relations. This organization has come to be challenged in more recent years, however, since the classic model of Japanese labor relations has faced increasing strain as part of the wider changes to the Japanese model of capitalism. Alongside this historical overview of organized labor, the chapter also considers the development of other (non-labor) social movements. This includes those movements that have emerged to promote the interests of social groups whose interests overlap with those of labor but who might not immediately identify themselves as part of the labor movement, such as the homeless, unemployed, and students. The trajectory of social conflict in Japan during the past thirty years has seen a move away from the classic model of social compromise. Various types of social conflict—both inside and outside of the workplace, and involving either workers or those less typically identified with organized labor—have become increasingly common.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Bruno Leipold ◽  
Karma Nabulsi ◽  
Stuart White
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Radical Republicanism

In the Introduction of this book we begin by providing a conceptual and historical overview of radical republicanism, with a particular emphasis on the key role that popular sovereignty plays in the radical tradition, exploring how it relates to three central issues of concern to republicans. These issues are (1) how the ideals of the tradition can be realized in political and social movements; (2) what republican political institutions should look like; and (3) how its economy should be structured. Finally, we finish the Introduction by providing an overview of the volume’s contents, and highlight the aspects of each chapter.

Die städtische Produktion von „Armutsmigration“

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (191) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Künkel
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Local State ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Tourism Destinations

In 2013 the spectre of „benefit tourism” entered the German urban agenda as a “poverty migration” discourse. The paper shows how the local state itself creates the scandalized precarious living conditions of EU migrants. Drawing on an interview-based case study of the homelessness politics in Frankfurt am Main it points to a logic of reverse inter-urban competition that aims at deterring „costly“ subjects: By limiting migrants’ access to social benefits and infrastructures such as homeless shelters, cities try to present themselves as bad benefit tourism destinations. Social movements contest the exclusionary politics that produce homelessness and cramped housing. Yet, while successfully putting the topic on the agenda, in Frankfurt, the rights-based approach, demanding shelter for everybody, failed to challenge the city’s legal discourse dividing migrants into il /legal and benefit un /entitled subjects.

scholarly journals DEMOCRACIA E CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DOS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NO BRASIL: as manifestações de junho de 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Ilse Gomes Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Action ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
The Right

Resumo: O artigo tem como objetivo levantar elementos para a análise da ação do Estado brasileiro diante das manifestações de junho de 2013 e compreender o processo de criminalização dos movimentos sociais. As manifestações de junho de 2013, em todo o território brasileiro, denunciaram a precarização das condições de vida da população e a forma violenta do Estado tratar a classe trabalhadora quando ousa reivindicar seus direitos. Diversos movimentos sociais estão nas ruas exercendo o direito à participação política e pressionando as instituições da democracia. A reação violenta do Estado brasileiro a estas manifestações indicam que direitos duramente conquistados, como a liberdade de expressão e organização, estão ameaçados, o que coloca em risco a participação política da classe trabalhadora e, consequentemente, a democracia.Palavras-chave: Poder político, autoritarismo, movimentos sociais, democracia.DEMOCRACY AND CRIMINALIZATION OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN BRAZIL: the manifestations on june 2013Abstract: The article aims to identify elements for the Brazilian state action on the analysis of the manifestations on June 2013 and understand the process of criminalization of social movements. The manifestations on June 2013, in all of Brazil, denounced the deterioration of people’s living conditions and the violent way the state treat the working class when it dares to claim their rights. Diverse social movements are on the streets exercising the right to political participation and exerting pressure on institutions of democracy. The violent reaction of the Brazilian state to these demonstrations indicate that hard-won rights such as freedom of expression and organization, are threatened, which endangers the political participation of the working class and hence democracy.Key words: Political power, authoritarianism, social movements, democracy.

scholarly journals Alimentos, saberes e educação para o “bem viver”: os camponeses um passo adiante

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Cezar Luiz De Mari ◽  
Philippe Drumond Villas Boas Tavares ◽  
Valter Machado da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Landless Movement ◽  
Educational Principle ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Este estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar como os movimentos sociais do campo no Brasil, em especial as experiências históricas do Movimento Sem-Terra - MST e Via Campesina têm contribuído para a construção do conceito de Bem Viver como alternativa à produção convencional de alimentos, visando à melhoria das condições de vida e da saúde das comunidades campesinas. O texto utiliza como metodologia a pesquisa documental nos acervos produzidos pelos dois coletivos dos movimentos sociais citados. O método de análises tem por base os princípios da agroecologia como foco exploratório das lacunas e contradições criadas pelos paradigmas convencionais de produção agrícola e o princípio educativo do trabalho, fortalecendo uma “pedagogia da terra”, que recupera e produz saberes a partir de práticas ao Bem Viver. Este estudio tiene por objetivo demostrar cómo los movimientos sociales del campo en Brasil, en especial las experiencias históricas del Movimiento Sin Tierra-MST y Vía Campesina, han contribuido a la construcción del concepto de Bien Vivir como alternativa a la producción convencional de alimentos, Mejora de las condiciones de vida y de la salud de las comunidades campesinas. El texto utiliza como metodología la investigación documental en los acervos producidos por los dos colectivos de los movimientos sociales citados. El método de análisis se basa en los principios de la agroecología como foco exploratorio de las lagunas y contradicciones creadas por los paradigmas convencionales de producción agrícola y el principio educativo del trabajo, fortaleciendo una "pedagogía de la tierra", que recupera y produce saber a partir de prácticas al desarrollo Bien Vivir. This study aims to demonstrate how the social movements of the countryside in Brazil, especially the historical experiences of the Landless Movement - MST and Via Campesina, have contributed to the construction of the concept of Well Living as an alternative to conventional food production, aiming at the improving the living conditions and health of peasant communities. The text uses documental research as a methodology in the collections produced by the two collectives of the mentioned social movements. The method of analysis is based on the principles of agroecology as an exploratory focus of the gaps and contradictions created by the conventional paradigms of agricultural production and the educational principle of work, strengthening a "pedagogy of the earth", which recovers and produces knowledge from practices to Well live.

scholarly journals The Best Diagnosis Is the Autopsy, But It Comes Too Late

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 970-976
Author(s):  
Rosa Valls ◽  
Dragana Avramov ◽  
Fernando Macías-Aranda ◽  
Teresa Plaja
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Deprived Neighborhoods

Citizens, through social movements and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), have expressed a clear message to researchers on the contributions of science to the fight against poverty and exclusion. Many investigations have carried out diagnoses of poverty in specific areas, though at times, this work was regrettably too late. Citizens in fact clamor for solutions, not a diagnosis. Notably, the project Successful Socio-Educative Actions to Overcome Poverty, funded by the Spanish government, has not been another diagnosis on poverty in deprived territories of Spain but rather a communicative case study developed in one of the most deprived neighborhoods in this country, in which researchers, neighbors, and different social actors have contributed to analyzing actions that are successfully improving the living conditions in this community.

Impossible Futures? The Ambivalent Temporalities of Grassroots Humanitarian Action

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052093265
Author(s):  
Robin Vandevoordt ◽  
Larissa Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
The One

While humanitarian action is often criticised for its focus on immediate needs in the present, social movements and political activists are usually thought to work towards a different future. With this article, we aim to complicate these clear-cut distinctions. We investigate how grassroots initiatives supporting migrants navigate different temporalities, relating their actions both to the present and to the future. These interwoven temporalities, however, come with ambivalent political effects. Drawing on cases from Belgium and Germany, we show how they range from potentially shrinking grassroots’ power to intervene to opening windows of political possibility. On the one hand, we illustrate how grassroots initiatives in Belgium feel stuck in a temporal dilemma, when they are forced to focus on the present. On the other hand, initiatives in Belgium and Germany have nonetheless engaged in strategies of future-making, trying to bring about more structural changes to migrants’ living conditions.

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