scholarly journals Morphological-cultural and physiological-biochemical features of isolates of pathogenic bacteria of the Agaricus bisporus

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
N. Zhitkevych ◽  
T. Ivanova ◽  
T. Tarasyuk ◽  
М. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Test System ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Functional Features

Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which we are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. Methods We used biotechnological research methods. We determined the trophic features of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical methods. This is the development of biotechnology to control their distribution. We determined the oxidase activity of bacteria according to the Kovach method (on a membrane filter that we previously wetted with NN-dimethyl-p-phenylene-diamine sulfate. We determined the catalase activity by adding 10% hydrogen peroxide solution to the culture drop. Results. We determined the sources of carbon nutrition pathogenic bacteria using a test system Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, which are monosaccharides and melibiosis, L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, m Alonate. Isolate 6.2 showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose during testing. Isolate 6.1 uses the following sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiosis, mannose. Isolate 9.5 indicates the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of carbon nutrition revealed sugars of the monosaccharide group (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. Conclusions. We investigated the morphological and cultural features of isolates of pathogenic bacteria of champignon bicuspid isolated from Agaricus bisporus. We studied the physiological and biochemical properties of bacteria and reactions to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic medium, the oxidase activity of bacteria according to the Kovacs method, and catalase activity. We carried out the identification of the obtained isolates, comparing them with the properties of bacteria of the causative agents of bacteriosis of this fungus, already described in the articles and in the Bergey Bacteria Guide.

scholarly journals Functional features of trophic use of carbon sources by pathogenic champignon bacteria (Agaricus bisporus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
M. Patyka ◽  
T. Tarasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Test System ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Functional Features

Goal. Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. Methods. The subject of the study is 16 isolates of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. They manifested as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus. They are typically only for mushrooms. We used biotechnological methods. We isolated cultures of microorganisms to identify, sowing was carried out for splitting carbon sources on synthetic nutrient media with the adding of appropriate sugars. Using biochemical me­thods, trophic features of pathogenic bacteria were determined in order to develop biotechnologies for controlling their spread. The oxidase activity of bacteria was determined by the method of Kovach on a membrane filter previously moistened with NN-dimethil-p-pheniline diamine sulfate. Catalase activity was determined by adding to the culture drop a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide. We used an innovative and universal method for determining the sources of carbon nutrition of microorganisms — КВ009 TM HiCarbo Kit. Results. We have identified the sources of carbon nutrition of pathogenic bacteria using a test system. Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, melibiose L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, malonate. Isolate 6.2 when tested showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose. Isolate 6.1 uses such sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiose, mannose. Isolate 9.5 is indicated by the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive oxidase reaction. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. Conclusions. The biochemical properties of the reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic nutrient media, the oxidase activity of bacteria by the Kovac method, the catalase activity and carbon nutrition sources of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus were studied.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for the action of mixed infections of basidiomycetes closed agrobiocenoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Goal. The study of functional features of pathogens isolated from Agaricus bisporus depending on taxonomic groups. Methods. The subject of the study is isolates of pathogenic bacteria and isolated total RNA from Agaricus bisporus, which manifested themselves as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus and are typical only for mushrooms. Research methods are biotechnological. Biotechnological research methods were used in the work. To identify the isolated cultures of microorganisms, sowing was performed to split carbon sources on synthetic media with the introduction of appropriate sugars. We used biochemical methods to determine the trophic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in order to develop biotechnologies to control their spread. Results. Isolates 1.5 and 1.6 must have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 1.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of monosaccharides (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids have been identified as sources of carbon nutrition. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. We have proved that chemical contamination of raw materials, substrates, casing layer and monoculture causes mutational processes in bacteria, viruses and microscopic fungi. Conclusions. Champignon double-pore in closed agrobiocenoses (mushroom growing chambers) is affected by microorganisms, forming a complex of infections that cause significant pathologies of fungi. We found that the double-pore champignon inartificial agro biocenoses (tunnels) is affected by microorganisms, forming a complex of infections that cause significant pathologies of mushroom in the course of the experiment. To obtain high-quality mycelium is necessary to introduce technologies of modern methods of diagnostic and identification of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens of different taxonomic groups.

Activated carbon as a better habitat for water and wastewater treatment microorganisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Morinaga ◽  
W. Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Batch Culture ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Dialysis Tubing ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Bacterial Yield ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Effects of PAC on bacterial activity were evaluated by sequencing batch cultures (20 hours each) of E.coli K-12 on synthetic medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source. Four suspended sequencing batch culture systems were operated; CP: cultures supplemented with PAC, CR: cultures with removal of metabolites by PAC at the end of each batch culture, CD: cultures supplemented with PAC in dialysis tubing to separate from E.coli, and CC: cultures without PAC (control). The supernatant of each batch culture was filtered through a membrane filter (0.2 μm) and was mixed with the same volume of fresh medium to be used as the medium for the next batch culture. The sequencing batch cultures were repeated three times for all the systems. The bacterial growth in CC was inhibited with the increase in the number of batch cultures. Although a significant amount of metabolites was accumulated in the 3rd batch culture of CC, little accumulation was noted in the 3rd batch culture of CP. No growth inhibition was noted in CP for all the batch cultures. The little differences in the bacterial yield and metabolite accumulation between CR and CD suggested that adsorption/desorption of metabolites with PAC did not play a major role in bacterial growth. PAC addition may partly stimulate the growth by the removal of growth inhibiting metabolites. However, the fact that CP showed higher yield than CR and CD indicated that the contact between bacteria and PAC plays a significant role in the growth of bacteria.

The Non-Mevalonate Isoprenoid Biosynthesis of Plants as a Test System for New Herbicides and Drugs against Pathogenic Bacteria and the Malaria Parasite

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Johannes Zeidler ◽  
Jörg Schwender ◽  
Christian Müller
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum

Higher plants and several photosynthetic algae contain the plastidic 1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose 5- phosphate / 2-C-methyl-ᴅ-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway (DOXP/MEP pathway) for isoprenoid biosynthesis. The first four enzymes and their genes are known of this novel pathway. All of the ca. 10 enzymes of this isoprenoid pathway are potential targets for new classes of herbicides. Since the DOXP/MEP pathway also occurs in several pathogenic bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, all inhibitors and potential herbicides of the DOXP/MEP pathway in plants are also potential drugs against pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite. Plants with their easily to handle DOXP/MEP-pathway are thus very suitable test-systems also for new drugs against pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite as no particular security measures are required. In fact, the antibiotic herbicide fosmidomycin specifically inhibited not only the DOXP reductoisomerase in plants, but also that in bacteria and in the parasite P. falciparum, and cures malaria-infected mice. This is the first successful application of a herbicide of the novel isoprenoid pathway as a possible drug against malaria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) imbach from Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Test Plant

In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging activity) activity of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus collected from Pakistan was investigated. In antibacterial assays, nhexane showed 4.83, 3.33, 16 and 3.33 mm inhibition zone diameter (IZD), chloroform showed 6.33, 16.17, 17 and 1.67 mm (IZD) while, ethyl acetate exhibited 30, 20, 19 and 28.67 mm (IZD) against four test plant pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al. Xanthomonas axonopodis Dowson and Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Waldee, at 100 mg/ml concentration. Optical density (OD) was recorded at 517 nm. n-hexane extract showed 60.73, 47.6 and 33.05%, chloroform showed 89.97, 82.91 and 77.68% whereas, ethyl acetate exhibited 89.83, 65.82 and 23.59% free radical effects as compared to control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed the highest concentration of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

scholarly journals Ankyrin-Like Protein AnkB Interacts with CatB, Affects Catalase Activity, and Enhances Resistance ofXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayan Pan ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Zhitian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ankyrin Protein

ABSTRACTXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae, which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola, which causes rice bacterial leaf streak, are important plant-pathogenic bacteria. A member of the adaptor protein family, ankyrin protein, has been investigated largely in humans but rarely in plant-pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a novel ankyrin-like protein, AnkB, was identified inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola. The expression ofankBwas significantly upregulated when these bacteria were treated with phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA).ankBis located 58 bp downstream of the genecatB(which encodes a catalase) in both bacteria, and the gene expression ofcatBand catalase activity were reduced followingankBdeletion inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AnkB directly interacts with CatB by glutathioneS-transferase (GST) pulldown assays. Deletion ofankBincreased the sensitivity ofX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola to H2O2and PCA, decreased bacterial biofilm formation, swimming ability, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and also reduced virulence on rice. Together our results indicate that the ankyrin-like protein AnkB has important and conserved roles in antioxidant systems and pathogenicity inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates that the ankyrin protein AnkB directly interacts with catalase CatB inXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola. Ankyrin protein AnkB can affect the gene expression ofcatB, catalase activity, and sensitivity to H2O2. InXanthomonasspp., the locations of genesankBandcatBand the amino acid sequence of AnkB are highly conserved. It is suggested that in prokaryotes, AnkB plays a conserved role in the defense against oxidative stress.

Substrate interaction dynamics and oxygen control in the active site of thymidylate synthase ThyX

2014 ◽  
Vol 459 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert F. Becker ◽  
Kamel Djaout ◽  
Isabelle Lamarre ◽  
Jonathan E. Ulmer ◽  
Delphine Schaming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thymidylate Synthase ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Time Resolved Spectroscopy ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Interaction Dynamics

Thymidylate synthase ThyX is required for synthesis of thymine in many pathogenic bacteria. Using time-resolved spectroscopy of the flavin cofactor, we unravelled the interplay between the three native substrates and show how harmful oxidase activity is avoided in aerobic environments.

STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT: V. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HOST

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Activity Rate ◽  
Diastatic Activity ◽  
High Degree

Determinations have been made of catalase, diastase and oxidase activity; rate of respiration; and content of chlorophyll, xanthophyll and carotin in the leaves of eight wheat varieties. With respect to their reactions to stem rust, these wheats vary from almost complete susceptibility in certain varieties to a high degree of resistance in others. Catalase activity increased as the plants approached maturity, whereas, diastatic activity decreased with increasing age. No significant differences were found in the oxidase activity or respiratory rate of the varieties. Little Club, and the varieties of the vulgare group proved to be relatively rich in chlorophyll and the carotinoids. It is suggested that photosynthetic processes may take place more rapidly in the cells of the varieties having a high content of these pigments, and thus furnish conditions suitable for the growth of the rust mycelium.

PATHOGENS FROM DRINKING WATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Mohammad Din ◽  
Zafar Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Aleem ◽  
G.S. Pirkani ◽  
Amir Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Serological Tests

… Objectives: Main objective was to check drinking water for pathogenic bacterialload, their resistance to antimicrobials and to create awareness among the people of Quetta cityabout safe drinking water. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted inDepartment of Microbiology Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta during the hot season inQuetta City (June- September 2013). Methodology: One hundred and twenty five (125) tapewater samples were collected aseptically in 200 ml sterile caped glass bottles from differentlocalities of Quetta city. Samples were passed through mille pore assembly containing 0.45 μmpore-sizecellulose nitrate sterile membrane filter (MF).Viable count technique was used forenumeration of water samples having high bacterial burden. Serological tests and analyticalprofile index API-20E (Biomerieux France) were used to identify pathogens according to themanufacturer’s directions. Standardized antibiotic sensitivity test was performed on MuellerHinton agar using disc diffusion Kirby Bauer technique and McFarland Turbidity Standardmethod 0.5 following CLSI protocols. Results: Out of hundred and twenty five (125) tape watersamples 110 (88 %) showed highly pathogenic bacterial load, in which the most prominentorganism was E.coli 36 (28.8 %), followed by Enterobacter 35 (28 %), Klebsiella 24 (19.2 %),Pseudomonas, 10 (08 %), and Salmonella 05 (04 %). All pathogens in this study expressed a highlevel of resistance to antimicrobials that are commonly used in clinical medicine i.e. Tetracycline,Gentamycin, Sulphamethaxazole, Piperacillin, Ampicillin, Augmentin and Imipenam etc. Only 15(12 %) samples were pathogens free. Conclusion: Among drinking water samples the presenceof pathogenic bacteria (88%) is alarming for public health authorities. The emergence ofresistance and decreasing level of susceptibility of pathogens to a wide spectrum ofantimicrobials is a matter of great concern, because it may limit the availability of antimicrobialsfor clinical management of water born outbreaks in future.

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