scholarly journals Functional features of trophic use of carbon sources by pathogenic champignon bacteria (Agaricus bisporus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
M. Patyka ◽  
T. Tarasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Test System ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Functional Features

Goal. Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. Methods. The subject of the study is 16 isolates of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. They manifested as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus. They are typically only for mushrooms. We used biotechnological methods. We isolated cultures of microorganisms to identify, sowing was carried out for splitting carbon sources on synthetic nutrient media with the adding of appropriate sugars. Using biochemical me­thods, trophic features of pathogenic bacteria were determined in order to develop biotechnologies for controlling their spread. The oxidase activity of bacteria was determined by the method of Kovach on a membrane filter previously moistened with NN-dimethil-p-pheniline diamine sulfate. Catalase activity was determined by adding to the culture drop a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide. We used an innovative and universal method for determining the sources of carbon nutrition of microorganisms — КВ009 TM HiCarbo Kit. Results. We have identified the sources of carbon nutrition of pathogenic bacteria using a test system. Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, melibiose L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, malonate. Isolate 6.2 when tested showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose. Isolate 6.1 uses such sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiose, mannose. Isolate 9.5 is indicated by the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive oxidase reaction. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. Conclusions. The biochemical properties of the reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic nutrient media, the oxidase activity of bacteria by the Kovac method, the catalase activity and carbon nutrition sources of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus were studied.

scholarly journals Morphological-cultural and physiological-biochemical features of isolates of pathogenic bacteria of the Agaricus bisporus

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
N. Zhitkevych ◽  
T. Ivanova ◽  
T. Tarasyuk ◽  
М. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Test System ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Functional Features

Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which we are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. Methods We used biotechnological research methods. We determined the trophic features of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical methods. This is the development of biotechnology to control their distribution. We determined the oxidase activity of bacteria according to the Kovach method (on a membrane filter that we previously wetted with NN-dimethyl-p-phenylene-diamine sulfate. We determined the catalase activity by adding 10% hydrogen peroxide solution to the culture drop. Results. We determined the sources of carbon nutrition pathogenic bacteria using a test system Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, which are monosaccharides and melibiosis, L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, m Alonate. Isolate 6.2 showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose during testing. Isolate 6.1 uses the following sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiosis, mannose. Isolate 9.5 indicates the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of carbon nutrition revealed sugars of the monosaccharide group (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. Conclusions. We investigated the morphological and cultural features of isolates of pathogenic bacteria of champignon bicuspid isolated from Agaricus bisporus. We studied the physiological and biochemical properties of bacteria and reactions to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic medium, the oxidase activity of bacteria according to the Kovacs method, and catalase activity. We carried out the identification of the obtained isolates, comparing them with the properties of bacteria of the causative agents of bacteriosis of this fungus, already described in the articles and in the Bergey Bacteria Guide.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for the action of mixed infections of basidiomycetes closed agrobiocenoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Goal. The study of functional features of pathogens isolated from Agaricus bisporus depending on taxonomic groups. Methods. The subject of the study is isolates of pathogenic bacteria and isolated total RNA from Agaricus bisporus, which manifested themselves as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus and are typical only for mushrooms. Research methods are biotechnological. Biotechnological research methods were used in the work. To identify the isolated cultures of microorganisms, sowing was performed to split carbon sources on synthetic media with the introduction of appropriate sugars. We used biochemical methods to determine the trophic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in order to develop biotechnologies to control their spread. Results. Isolates 1.5 and 1.6 must have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 1.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of monosaccharides (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids have been identified as sources of carbon nutrition. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. We have proved that chemical contamination of raw materials, substrates, casing layer and monoculture causes mutational processes in bacteria, viruses and microscopic fungi. Conclusions. Champignon double-pore in closed agrobiocenoses (mushroom growing chambers) is affected by microorganisms, forming a complex of infections that cause significant pathologies of fungi. We found that the double-pore champignon inartificial agro biocenoses (tunnels) is affected by microorganisms, forming a complex of infections that cause significant pathologies of mushroom in the course of the experiment. To obtain high-quality mycelium is necessary to introduce technologies of modern methods of diagnostic and identification of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens of different taxonomic groups.

scholarly journals Bacterial Biopolymer: Its Role in Pathogenesis to Effective Biomaterials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Sreejita Ghosh ◽  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Ankita Dey ◽  
Tanmay Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Innovative Biomaterials ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Bacteria are considered as the major cell factories, which can effectively convert nitrogen and carbon sources to a wide variety of extracellular and intracellular biopolymers like polyamides, polysaccharides, polyphosphates, polyesters, proteinaceous compounds, and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biopolymers find applications in pathogenicity, and their diverse materialistic and chemical properties make them suitable to be used in medicinal industries. When these biopolymer compounds are obtained from pathogenic bacteria, they serve as important virulence factors, but when they are produced by non-pathogenic bacteria, they act as food components or biomaterials. There have been interdisciplinary studies going on to focus on the molecular mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and identification of new targets for antimicrobial drugs, utilizing synthetic biology for designing and production of innovative biomaterials. This review sheds light on the mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and its necessary modifications to be used as cell based micro-factories for the production of tailor-made biomaterials for high-end applications and their role in pathogenesis.

The Non-Mevalonate Isoprenoid Biosynthesis of Plants as a Test System for New Herbicides and Drugs against Pathogenic Bacteria and the Malaria Parasite

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler ◽  
Johannes Zeidler ◽  
Jörg Schwender ◽  
Christian Müller
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Isoprenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Isoprenoid Pathway ◽  
Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum

Higher plants and several photosynthetic algae contain the plastidic 1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose 5- phosphate / 2-C-methyl-ᴅ-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway (DOXP/MEP pathway) for isoprenoid biosynthesis. The first four enzymes and their genes are known of this novel pathway. All of the ca. 10 enzymes of this isoprenoid pathway are potential targets for new classes of herbicides. Since the DOXP/MEP pathway also occurs in several pathogenic bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, all inhibitors and potential herbicides of the DOXP/MEP pathway in plants are also potential drugs against pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite. Plants with their easily to handle DOXP/MEP-pathway are thus very suitable test-systems also for new drugs against pathogenic bacteria and the malaria parasite as no particular security measures are required. In fact, the antibiotic herbicide fosmidomycin specifically inhibited not only the DOXP reductoisomerase in plants, but also that in bacteria and in the parasite P. falciparum, and cures malaria-infected mice. This is the first successful application of a herbicide of the novel isoprenoid pathway as a possible drug against malaria.

DIAGNOSTIC PREPARATIONS FOR DETERMINING THE SPECIES OF THE BACTERIA LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Lobanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Highly Sensitive

This article presents a work on the microbiological study of food products for the presence of pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause listeriosis in humans if sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations are not followed. Highly sensitive and specific nutrient media make it possible to quickly and efficiently test meat, vegetable and dairy products for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) imbach from Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Test Plant

In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging activity) activity of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus collected from Pakistan was investigated. In antibacterial assays, nhexane showed 4.83, 3.33, 16 and 3.33 mm inhibition zone diameter (IZD), chloroform showed 6.33, 16.17, 17 and 1.67 mm (IZD) while, ethyl acetate exhibited 30, 20, 19 and 28.67 mm (IZD) against four test plant pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al. Xanthomonas axonopodis Dowson and Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Waldee, at 100 mg/ml concentration. Optical density (OD) was recorded at 517 nm. n-hexane extract showed 60.73, 47.6 and 33.05%, chloroform showed 89.97, 82.91 and 77.68% whereas, ethyl acetate exhibited 89.83, 65.82 and 23.59% free radical effects as compared to control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed the highest concentration of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

scholarly journals The reconstitution of oxidase activity in membranes derived from a 5-aminolaevulinic acid-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Haddock
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aminolaevulinic Acid

1. The reconstitution of oxidase activity in cell-free extracts of a mutant of Escherichia coli K12Ymel, that require 5-aminolaevulinic acid for growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, is described. 2. The reconstitution is dependent on haematin or a haem extract from a prototrophic strain of E. coli, and the product of the reaction has been identified as NADH-reducible cytochrome b. 3. The requirement for haematin cannot be replaced by four other porphyrins. Coproporphyrin III does not inhibit the haematin-dependent reconstitution, mesoporphyrin IX and protoporphyrin IX apparently compete with haematin for a binding site on the cytochrome apoprotein(s) and deuteroporphyrin IX binds to cytochrome apoprotein(s) and cannot be subsequently replaced by haematin. 4. The properties of electron-transport particles from cell-free extracts of the mutant strain, grown aerobically in the presence or absence of 5-aminolaevulinic acid, are described. In the absence of 5-aminolaevulinic acid no detectable cytochromes are produced, and oxidase activities are lowered but there is no apparent effect on the activities of the NADH dehydrogenase and d-lactate dehydrogenase. 5. The reconstitution of oxidase activity by electron-transport particles from cells grown in the absence of 5-aminolaevulinic acid requires ATP and haematin, and the product of the reaction was identified as NADH-reducible cytochrome b. 6. It is concluded that the cytochrome apoproteins are synthesized and incorporated into the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli in the absence of haem synthesis. The subsequent reconstitution of functional cytochrome(s) requires protohaem, but the nature of the side chain on the 2 and 4 positions of the porphyrin appears to be important.

scholarly journals Ankyrin-Like Protein AnkB Interacts with CatB, Affects Catalase Activity, and Enhances Resistance ofXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola to Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiayan Pan ◽  
Shu Xu ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yabing Duan ◽  
Zhitian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ankyrin Protein

ABSTRACTXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae, which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola, which causes rice bacterial leaf streak, are important plant-pathogenic bacteria. A member of the adaptor protein family, ankyrin protein, has been investigated largely in humans but rarely in plant-pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a novel ankyrin-like protein, AnkB, was identified inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola. The expression ofankBwas significantly upregulated when these bacteria were treated with phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA).ankBis located 58 bp downstream of the genecatB(which encodes a catalase) in both bacteria, and the gene expression ofcatBand catalase activity were reduced followingankBdeletion inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AnkB directly interacts with CatB by glutathioneS-transferase (GST) pulldown assays. Deletion ofankBincreased the sensitivity ofX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola to H2O2and PCA, decreased bacterial biofilm formation, swimming ability, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and also reduced virulence on rice. Together our results indicate that the ankyrin-like protein AnkB has important and conserved roles in antioxidant systems and pathogenicity inX. oryzaepv. oryzae andX. oryzaepv. oryzicola.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates that the ankyrin protein AnkB directly interacts with catalase CatB inXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae andXanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzicola. Ankyrin protein AnkB can affect the gene expression ofcatB, catalase activity, and sensitivity to H2O2. InXanthomonasspp., the locations of genesankBandcatBand the amino acid sequence of AnkB are highly conserved. It is suggested that in prokaryotes, AnkB plays a conserved role in the defense against oxidative stress.

Malus tissue cultures. II. Sorbitol metabolism and carbon nutrition

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Chong ◽  
C. D. Taper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Malus Pumila ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Callus Type

Growth of callus cultures from stem explants of Malus pumila, cultivars McIntosh and Cortland, and of M. robusta No. 5, and from cotyledon explants of McIntosh was compared on standard medium with sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, each at concentrations of 3 and 6%, and on nine other carbon sources, each at 3% concentration. Fructose was generally the most effective of the 13 carbon sources tested, although depending on concentration and callus type, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose were as effective as fructose. Sucrose, accumulating in quantities ranging between 40 and 87% of total carbohydrate, was the predominant carbohydrate constituent found in all cultures grown on both concentrations (3 and 6%) of sorbitol, sucrose, glucose, and fructose except those grown on 6% sorbitol, which accumulated between 68 and 75% sorbitol. Cultures grown on sugars at the higher concentration accumulated between 6 and 34% sorbitol, whereas in corresponding cultures grown at the lower concentration no sorbitol was detected.

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