scholarly journals Prerequisites for the action of mixed infections of basidiomycetes closed agrobiocenoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Goal. The study of functional features of pathogens isolated from Agaricus bisporus depending on taxonomic groups. Methods. The subject of the study is isolates of pathogenic bacteria and isolated total RNA from Agaricus bisporus, which manifested themselves as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus and are typical only for mushrooms. Research methods are biotechnological. Biotechnological research methods were used in the work. To identify the isolated cultures of microorganisms, sowing was performed to split carbon sources on synthetic media with the introduction of appropriate sugars. We used biochemical methods to determine the trophic characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in order to develop biotechnologies to control their spread. Results. Isolates 1.5 and 1.6 must have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 1.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of monosaccharides (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids have been identified as sources of carbon nutrition. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. We have proved that chemical contamination of raw materials, substrates, casing layer and monoculture causes mutational processes in bacteria, viruses and microscopic fungi. Conclusions. Champignon double-pore in closed agrobiocenoses (mushroom growing chambers) is affected by microorganisms, forming a complex of infections that cause significant pathologies of fungi. We found that the double-pore champignon inartificial agro biocenoses (tunnels) is affected by microorganisms, forming a complex of infections that cause significant pathologies of mushroom in the course of the experiment. To obtain high-quality mycelium is necessary to introduce technologies of modern methods of diagnostic and identification of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens of different taxonomic groups.

scholarly journals Functional features of trophic use of carbon sources by pathogenic champignon bacteria (Agaricus bisporus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
T. Ivanova ◽  
M. Patyka ◽  
T. Tarasiuk
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Test System ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Functional Features

Goal. Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. Methods. The subject of the study is 16 isolates of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. They manifested as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus. They are typically only for mushrooms. We used biotechnological methods. We isolated cultures of microorganisms to identify, sowing was carried out for splitting carbon sources on synthetic nutrient media with the adding of appropriate sugars. Using biochemical me­thods, trophic features of pathogenic bacteria were determined in order to develop biotechnologies for controlling their spread. The oxidase activity of bacteria was determined by the method of Kovach on a membrane filter previously moistened with NN-dimethil-p-pheniline diamine sulfate. Catalase activity was determined by adding to the culture drop a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide. We used an innovative and universal method for determining the sources of carbon nutrition of microorganisms — КВ009 TM HiCarbo Kit. Results. We have identified the sources of carbon nutrition of pathogenic bacteria using a test system. Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, melibiose L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, malonate. Isolate 6.2 when tested showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose. Isolate 6.1 uses such sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiose, mannose. Isolate 9.5 is indicated by the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive oxidase reaction. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. Conclusions. The biochemical properties of the reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic nutrient media, the oxidase activity of bacteria by the Kovac method, the catalase activity and carbon nutrition sources of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus were studied.

scholarly journals Morphological-cultural and physiological-biochemical features of isolates of pathogenic bacteria of the Agaricus bisporus

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
N. Zhitkevych ◽  
T. Ivanova ◽  
T. Tarasyuk ◽  
М. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Test System ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Carbon Nutrition ◽  
Functional Features

Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which we are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. Methods We used biotechnological research methods. We determined the trophic features of pathogenic bacteria using biochemical methods. This is the development of biotechnology to control their distribution. We determined the oxidase activity of bacteria according to the Kovach method (on a membrane filter that we previously wetted with NN-dimethyl-p-phenylene-diamine sulfate. We determined the catalase activity by adding 10% hydrogen peroxide solution to the culture drop. Results. We determined the sources of carbon nutrition pathogenic bacteria using a test system Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, which are monosaccharides and melibiosis, L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, m Alonate. Isolate 6.2 showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose during testing. Isolate 6.1 uses the following sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiosis, mannose. Isolate 9.5 indicates the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive reaction to oxidase. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. Sources of carbon nutrition revealed sugars of the monosaccharide group (xylose, dextrose, galactose), polysaccharides and amino acids. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism. Conclusions. We investigated the morphological and cultural features of isolates of pathogenic bacteria of champignon bicuspid isolated from Agaricus bisporus. We studied the physiological and biochemical properties of bacteria and reactions to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic medium, the oxidase activity of bacteria according to the Kovacs method, and catalase activity. We carried out the identification of the obtained isolates, comparing them with the properties of bacteria of the causative agents of bacteriosis of this fungus, already described in the articles and in the Bergey Bacteria Guide.

Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in Bakasang as fermented microbe starter

2013 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
J Aquarista Ingratubun ◽  
Frans G Ijong ◽  
Hens Onibala
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Total Plate Count

Food fermentation is one of various food processing techniques that has sufficient benefits of nutrition values, and also contains lactic acid bacteria which potentially inhibit pathogenic bacteria, thus prolong shelf life of  products. Bakasang is a traditional fermented food from North Sulawesi since many years ago. Reported research of bakasang previously had described that lactic acid bacteria was the dominant isolates and therefore current research  aimed to isolate and identify the lactic acid bacteria which associated during fermentation day 1 and day 15, respectively. Raw materials used were 5 kg intestine and liver of skipjack brought from local market Bersehati Manado. The intestine and liver of skipjack were washed and smashed and mixed with 10% salt  and 5% rice  from weight of the samples and then filled into bottle to be fermented for 15 days. Every 3 days (1,3,6,9,12,15), the samples were collected and analyzed for total lactic acid bacteria by using Total Plate Count Method on de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar after incubation at 37°C for 24 h. The colonies  grown were transferred to Tryptic Soy Broth and followed by streaking them on Tryptic Soy Agar and the free growing colony on agar medium were isolated into slant agar which were used for biochemical test such as Gram’s staining, motility test, catalase test, oksidase test, H2S test, IMVIC test (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer, Citrate) and carbohydrate fermentation. The results showed that Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Eubacterium sp., and Bifidobacterium sp. All these four bacteria were distributed from day 1 to day 15 of the fermentation process© Fermentasi bahan pangan merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak teknik pengolahan makanan yang mempunyai banyak manfaat dari kualitas gizi, mengandung bakteri asam laktat sehingga menghambat bakteri patogen sehingga daya simpan lebih panjang. Bakasang merupakan makanan fermentasi tradisional masyarakat Sulawesi Utara yang sudah ada sejak lama. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap bakasang menghasilkan informasi bahwa terdapat bakteri asam laktat pada bakasang sehingga menjadi tujuan untuk mengisolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat selama proses fermentasi 1-15 hari. Bahan baku bakasang ialah jeroan (usus dan hati) ikan cakalang Katsuwonis pelamis sebanyak 5 kg yang diambil dari pasar Bersehati Manado. Sampel jeroan dibersihkan kemudian dihancurkan, ditambahkan garam 10% dan nasi 5% kemudian difermentasi selama 15 hari dengan mengambil tiap-tiap sampel setiap 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, dan 15 untuk dihitung jumlah bakteri asam laktat dengan menggunakkan metode Total Plate Count pada media de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar dan koloni yang tumbuh di tumbuhkan  kembali pada media Tryptic Soy Broth  dan digores kembali pada media Tryptic Soy Agar, koloni yang tumbuh digores pada media slant agar yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi bakteri asam laktat berdasarkan uji biokimia yaitu uji pewarnaan Gram, uji motility, uji katalase, uji oksidase, uji H2S dan uji IMVIC (Indole, MethylRed, Voges Proskauer, Citrate). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama proses fermentasi berlangsung terdapat 4 genera bakteri asam laktat sesuai yaitu Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Eubacterium sp., dan Bifidobacterium sp., ke 4 genera ini tersebar pada fermentasi hari 1 sampai hari ke 15©

scholarly journals Advanced Kinetic Modeling of Bio-co-polymer Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production Using Fructose and Propionate as Carbon Sources

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Stefanie Duvigneau ◽  
Robert Dürr ◽  
Jessica Behrens ◽  
Achim Kienle
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Kinetic Modeling ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Current Yield ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Online Measurements

Biopolymers are a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastic raw materials. They are bio-based, non-toxic and degradable under environmental conditions. In addition to the homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), there are a number of co-polymers that have a broad range of applications and are easier to process in comparison to PHB. The most prominent representative from this group of bio-copolymers is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). In this article, we show a new kinetic model that describes the PHBV production from fructose and propionic acid in Cupriavidus necator (C. necator). The developed model is used to analyze the effects of process parameter variations such as the CO2 amount in the exhaust gas and the feed rate. The presented model is a valuable tool to improve the microbial PHBV production process. Due to the coupling of CO2 online measurements in the exhaust gas to the biomass production, the model has the potential to predict the composition and the current yield of PHBV in the ongoing process.

scholarly journals Bacterial Biopolymer: Its Role in Pathogenesis to Effective Biomaterials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Sreejita Ghosh ◽  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Ankita Dey ◽  
Tanmay Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Innovative Biomaterials ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Bacteria are considered as the major cell factories, which can effectively convert nitrogen and carbon sources to a wide variety of extracellular and intracellular biopolymers like polyamides, polysaccharides, polyphosphates, polyesters, proteinaceous compounds, and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biopolymers find applications in pathogenicity, and their diverse materialistic and chemical properties make them suitable to be used in medicinal industries. When these biopolymer compounds are obtained from pathogenic bacteria, they serve as important virulence factors, but when they are produced by non-pathogenic bacteria, they act as food components or biomaterials. There have been interdisciplinary studies going on to focus on the molecular mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and identification of new targets for antimicrobial drugs, utilizing synthetic biology for designing and production of innovative biomaterials. This review sheds light on the mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and its necessary modifications to be used as cell based micro-factories for the production of tailor-made biomaterials for high-end applications and their role in pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Assessment of mutagenic activity of toxic waste polygon (Kalush) soil’s chemical pollution by the level of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
V. F. Valyuk ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk ◽  
L. Yu. Sobolenko ◽  
S. I. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentrations

Aim. To study the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. with prolonged action on soil xenobiotic seeds of toxic waste storage areas and to explore the level of their mutagenic activity in comparison with the action of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations. Methods. Cytogenetic disorders induced by soil’s chemical contamination of toxic waste landfill of Dombrovsky Quarry dump (Kalush city) and influence of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations were determined in the cells of the meristem root using the ana-thelophase method. Results. Soil’s chemical contamination of the studied objects exhibits high mutagenic activity, which exceeds the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and does not yield to the mutagenic activity of NMS’s moderate concentrations. The high frequency of chromosomal aberrations at the low concentration of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the Dombrovsky Quarry dumps is a consequence of its complex interaction with natural mineral compounds of the mountain chemical raw materials. Conclusions. The increasing of the spectrum of cytogenetic disorders induced by chemical soil contamination the proportion of bridges and the chromosomal rings testify radiomimetic properties of the mutagenic factors. The increasing of the number of cells with multiple aberrations indicates a high genotoxicity of hexachlorobenzene and the risk of serious genetic consequences in the case of falling it’s into the environment. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., toxic waste, mitosis disorders, chromosomal aberrations, mutagenic activity.

QUANTITATIVE ACCOUNT AND DIFFERENTIAL PROPERTIES OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ALLOCATED FROM FOOD RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
E.M. Lenchenko ◽  
◽  
D.V. Stepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Differential Properties

The results of microbiological studies of generally accepted research methods and analysis studies for accelerated calculation the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms isolated from food raw materials are presented. Optimization of sample preparation for research and elimination of routine stages of colony counting significantly increases the number of performed analyzes, saves research time and material costs. Due to the simplicity of operations and a minimum of manual labor,productivity and security are increased, labor costs of staff time are reduced, subjective factors are excluded. The advantages are also in quantitative indicators of the total number of yeast and molds in the studied samples within 72 hours, whereas in the generally accepted method, the indicators are presented only after 5 days. A quantitative analysis of microorganisms of food samples (n = 82) revealed a mismatch of microbiological safety indicators, excess QMAFAnM: 23 (28,0%) samples food raw materials, of which 11 beef samples (47,2%); meat of offal and semi-finished poultry – 12 (20,3%). Based on a comparative assessment of growth-supporting and selective properties, effective diagnostic environments and test systems for differentiating similar types of microorganisms have been tested and selected. From the number of isolates allocated from food raw materials (n = 122), 36 microbial cultures were identified: Salmonella spp. – 10 (13,1%) microbial cultures; coliforms – 25 (24,3%); Listeria monocytogenes – 1 (1,3%).

Influence of Carbon Concentration as Coating on Electrical Conductivity of LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Hafizhah Ellora Della ◽  
Mochamad Zainuri ◽  
Pelangi Az Zahra ◽  
Puri Olyvia Swastika ◽  
Triwikantoro
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Si Doping ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

This research study about the influence of carbon concenttration as coating on electrical conductivity of LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C. Synthesis of LiFeSi0.03P0.97O4/C was carried out different carbon concentrations of 7, 9, and 11 wt%. The raw materials used are Fe2O3, Li2CO3, (NH4)2HPO4, SiO2 as ion Si doping, and glucose as carbon sources. The XRD analysis results showed that all the diffraction peaks in samples were the olivine LiFePO4 phase. From the EIS result, Samples with the addition carbon concentration of 9 wt% produce the highest electrical conductivity values of 4.18 x 10-7 S/cm.

Evaluation of Microbial Hazards during Processing of Spanish Prepared Flamenquín

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA G. CÓRDOBA ◽  
JUAN J. CÓRDOBA ◽  
RAFAEL JORDANO
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Cooked Ham ◽  
Commercial Process ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Flamenquín is a traditional, prepared, frozen meat product from the south of Spain made with minced pork, chicken, and cooked ham. Since it is a prepared raw meat product some microbial hazards could be associated with the process of making it. Microbiological analyses have been performed throughout the various steps of processing over a 1-year period to evaluate microbial hazards in the commercial process. High levels of microorganisms were observed all through the processing of this product, the mincing and mixing steps being where major microbial contamination was observed. Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected during processing. Raw materials and food handlers were the principal sources of microbial contamination. A modification of processing to include a heating step after mincing and mixing and an improvement in hygiene practices could eliminate the microbial hazards. Both modifications should be noted for the implementation of a hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) program in commercial flamenquín processing.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) imbach from Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Test Plant

In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging activity) activity of an edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus collected from Pakistan was investigated. In antibacterial assays, nhexane showed 4.83, 3.33, 16 and 3.33 mm inhibition zone diameter (IZD), chloroform showed 6.33, 16.17, 17 and 1.67 mm (IZD) while, ethyl acetate exhibited 30, 20, 19 and 28.67 mm (IZD) against four test plant pathogenic bacteria viz., Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Yabuuchi et al. Xanthomonas axonopodis Dowson and Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Waldee, at 100 mg/ml concentration. Optical density (OD) was recorded at 517 nm. n-hexane extract showed 60.73, 47.6 and 33.05%, chloroform showed 89.97, 82.91 and 77.68% whereas, ethyl acetate exhibited 89.83, 65.82 and 23.59% free radical effects as compared to control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed the highest concentration of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

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