scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEADOW PHYTOCENOSIS AT THE DRAINING FACILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
О.А. ЗАХАРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Medicago Falcata ◽  
Conium Maculatum ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Elytrigia Repens

Проблема и цель. Осушительный объект Тинки-II является уникальным комплексом вследствие отличительных природных условий и длительного срока мелиоративного воздействия, начатого в середине 1950-х годов с целью осушения болотной торфяной почвы и вовлечения ее в сельскохозяйственный оборот. Позднее, в 1980-х годах, на осушаемой территории было введено двойное регулирование водного режима посредством дождевания. С конца 1990-х годов осушаемые земли не использовались. Сейчас агроландшафты преобразовались в природные сообщества. Финансирование мониторинговых и уходных работ за элементами осушительной системы со стороны государства не оказывается. Это, в свою очередь, привело к нарушению мелиоративных и агрохимических свойств торфяной почвы и проявлению деградации. Почва как биокосная система неразрывно связана с растительными сообществами. Методология. Проведенный автором совместно с сотрудниками ВНИИГиМ в 2010-2020 годах мелиоративный, почвенно-экологический и фитосоциологический мониторинг определил свойства почвы, видовой состав луговых трав, тип ассоциации обследуемого участка луга. Более ценной информацией, которая будет использована при разработке рекомендаций по использованию территории в качестве кормовых угодий, является познание взаимосвязей экологических факторов с растениями. С этой целью проведены исследования по общеизвестным классическим методикам. Результаты. Большее видовое разнообразие, различие по высоте и фитомассе установлено у злаков с преобладанием таких, к примеру, как Elytrigia repens, Alopecúrus praténsis и Bromopsis inermis, чуть меньше определено разнотравья из разных семейств Urtica dioica, Conium maculatum и Chaerophyllum temulum, еще меньше бобовых Lathyrus pratensis, Medicago falcata, Trifolium pratense. Заключение. В результате выявлены качественные и количественные отличия растительных сообществ вблизи магистрального канала с высоким увлажнением почвы, вблизи п. Полково с хорошей освещенностью и вблизи леса в большей степени с рассеянным светом. Фитомасса растений выше на участке вблизи п.Полково. Problem and purpose. Tinki-II drainage facility is a unique complex due to the distinctive natural conditions and the long-term reclamation impact, which began in the mid-1950s with the aim of draining the peat bog soil and bringing it into agricultural circulation. Later, in the 1980s, a double regulation of the water regime by means of sprinkling was introduced in the drained area. Since the late 1990s, the drained land has not been used. Nowadays, agricultural landscapes have been transformed into natural communities. The government does not provide funding for monitoring and maintenance of the drainage system elements. This, in turn, has led to the disturbance of the ameliorative and agrochemical properties of the peat soil and the manifestation of degradation. Soil as a bio-inert system is inextricably linked with plant communities. Methodology. The land reclamation, soil-ecological and phytosociological monitoring carried out by the author together with the VNIIGiM employees in 2010-2020 has determined the soil properties, speciescomposition of meadow grasses, and the type of association of the surveyed meadow area. The knowledge of the relationship of environmental factors with plants is more valuable information that will be used when developing recommendations for the use of the territory as forage lands. For this purpose, research has been carried out using well-known classical methods. Results. Greater species diversity, diferences in height and phytomass were found in cereals with a predominance of Elytrigia repens, Alopecúrus praténsis, and Bromopsis inermis. There were slightly less forbs from diferent families of Urtica dioica, Conium maculatum and Chaerophyllum temulum, and even less legumes of Lathyrus pratensis, Medicago falcata and Trifolium pratense were identifed. Conclusion. As a result, the qualitative and quantitative diferences of plant communities near the main canal with high soil moisture were revealed near the settlement of Polkovo with good illumination and near the forest, to a greater extent with difused light. The phytomass of plants was higher in the area near Polkovo.

scholarly journals The Relict Ecosystem of Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaea in an Agricultural Landscape: Past, Present and Future Scenarios

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Mendoza-Fernández ◽  
Fabián Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Esteban Salmerón-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco J. Pérez-García ◽  
Blas Teruel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Maytenus Senegalensis

Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaea is a shrub belonging to the Celastraceae family, whose only European populations are distributed discontinuously along the south-eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, forming plant communities with great ecological value, unique in Europe. As it is an endangered species that makes up plant communities with great palaeoecological significance, the development of species distribution models is of major interest under different climatic scenarios, past, present and future, based on the fact that the climate could play a relevant role in the distribution of this species, as well as in the conformation of the communities in which it is integrated. Palaeoecological models were generated for the Maximum Interglacial, Last Maximum Glacial and Middle Holocene periods. The results obtained showed that the widest distribution of this species, and the maximum suitability of its habitat, occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum, when the temperatures of the peninsular southeast were not as contrasting as those of the rest of the European continent and were favored by higher rainfall. Under these conditions, large territories could act as shelters during the glacial period, a hypothesis reflected in the model’s results for this period, which exhibit a further expansion of M. europaea’s ecological niche. The future projection of models in around 2070, for four Representative Concentration Pathways according to the fifth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, showed that the most favorable areas for this species would be Campo de Dalías (southern portion of Almería province) as it presents the bioclimatic characteristics of greater adjustment to M. europaea’s ecological niche model. Currently, some of the largest specimens of the species survive in the agricultural landscapes in the southern Spain. These areas are almost totally destroyed and heavily altered by intensive agriculture greenhouses, also causing a severe fragmentation of the habitat, which implies a prospective extinction scenario in the near future.

Coastal salt-marshes plant communities of the Salicornietea fruticosae class in Apulia (Italy)

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Sciandrello ◽  
Valeria Tomaselli
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Salt Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Halocnemum Strobilaceum

AbstractAn overview of the salt-marsh herbland and scrub vegetation belonging to the class Salicornietea fruticosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950 in Apulia is presented. Data available from literature have been supplemented with original relevés performed in different locations of the Apulia region. On the basis of a total of 297 relevés, fifteen communities have been defined, according to the traditional phytosociological system based on dominant and/or diagnostic taxa. For comparison purposes, the salt-marsh vegetation has been classified using numerical methods. The results obtained show that most of the clusters correspond to specific associations, and confirm the division into vegetation alliances and orders. Numerical analysis also allowed us to assign the proper allocation of some associations and plant communities drawn from literature. Five alliances, with plant communities characterized by specific ecological features, have been discriminated: Sarcocornion alpini and Arthrocnemion glauci (lower marshes), Salicornion fruticosae (middle marshes), Inulion crithmoidis and Suaedion brevofoliae (upper marshes). In addition, during the field work, a population of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Arthrocnemo-Halocnemetum strobilacei), new record for the Apulia region, has been found.

Dense regeneration of floodplain Eucalyptus coolabah: invasive scrub or passive restoration of an endangered woodland community?

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. Good ◽  
Jodi N. Price ◽  
Peter J. Clarke ◽  
Nick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Degraded Grassland ◽  
And Function

Clearing of native vegetation and changes to disturbance regimes have resulted in dense regeneration of native trees and shrubs in parts of Australia. The conversion of open vegetation to dense woodlands may result in changes to the composition of plant communities and ecosystem function if structure, composition and function are tightly linked. Widespread clearing of the floodplain tree Eucalyptus coolabah subsp. coolabah (coolibah), in New South Wales, Australia, has led to state and federal listings of coolibah woodland as an endangered ecological community. Dense regeneration of coolibah in the mid 1970s, however, also resulted in its listing as an ‘invasive native species’ in NSW, meaning it can be legally cleared under certain conditions. Dense regeneration could be a novel state dissimilar to the threatened community or it could represent the next generation of coolibah woodlands and may contribute to passive restoration of heavily cleared landscapes. This study investigated if dense stands are distinct from remnant woodland by comparing floristic composition of the ground-storey community and top-soil properties of four coolibah vegetation states: derived grassland, derived degraded grassland, dense regeneration and remnant woodland. Ground-storey composition was found to overlap broadly among states regardless of tree density. Most species were common to all states, although dense regeneration contained characteristic woodland species that were absent from grasslands. The carbon : nitrogen ratio of the soil was significantly higher in dense regeneration and remnant woodland than in either of the grassland states, indicating that the woody states are broadly similar in terms of nutrient cycling. The study demonstrates that structurally different vegetation states (grasslands, woodlands and dense regeneration) are not associated with distinct plant communities. The results also suggest that grazing management has a more pronounced effect on ground-storey composition of plant communities than tree density and that well managed derived grasslands and dense regeneration are floristically similar to remnant woodlands. Since dense regeneration and remnant woodlands are not floristically distinct from one another, dense regeneration could contribute to the conservation of endangered coolibah woodlands in cleared agricultural landscapes.

scholarly journals Developing the paradigm of environmental management in agriculture (to the 175-th anniversary of V.V. Dokuchaev)

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
V. I. Kiryushin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
Club Of Rome

The main stages of the formation of ecological paradigms of environmental management are considered, the fundamental role of V.V. Dokuchaev ideas and the importance of following V.I. Vernadskiy works in their development are shown. The role of scientists of the Club of Rome in the development of the ideology of sustainable development and its controversial perception by the world scientific community is reflected. The analysis of the existing paradigms, in particular of the co-evolutionary paradigm, and its implementation in the theory and practice of adaptive-landscape farming systems is given. The priority tasks for its improvement are defined. Further prospects for its development are considered in the framework of the proposed constructive-biospheric paradigm of environmental management, which implies the creation of a network of agricultural landscapes (agricultural, water, land reclamation, agro-industrial, rural forestry, livestock, residential) in compliance with the ecological status of the territory. The grouping of ecological functions of the landscape and mechanisms of their transformation into socio-economic functions are considered as tools for landscape-ecological planning and design.

scholarly journals Macrofungi of raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania

2013 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 1-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stasińska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Eriophorum Vaginatum ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Ecological Scale

<p>The mycology of peatlands, with their specific plant communities and numerous rare plant species, has been underexplored and is poorly recognized. The main objectives of this study were to identify the species richness and diversity of macromycetes in raised and transitional bogs of Pomerania and to establish correlations between macroscopic fungi and peatland communities occurring in the area in view of environmental conditions. Investigations spanning a period of ten years were conducted at 134 sites (71 raised and 63 transitional bogs) in eight non-forest peatland communities (<em>Caricetum lasiocarpae</em>, <em>Caricetum limosae</em>, <em>Caricetum rostratae</em>, <em>Eriophoro angustifolii-Sphagnetum recurvi</em>, <em>Rhynchosporetum albae</em>, <em>Erico-Sphagnetum medii</em>, <em>Sphagnetum magellanici</em>, and the <em>Eriophorum vaginatum-Sphagnum fallax</em> community) and two forest communities (<em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum</em> and <em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis</em>) in which 108 permanent observation plots were established for detailed examinations. A total of 191 macromycete species were recorded in the peatlands. The smallest number of species was recorded in <em>Rhynchosporetum albae</em> (12 species) and <em>Caricetum rostratae</em> (15 species). Phytocoenoses richest in fungi were <em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum</em> (102 species) and <em>Vaccinio uliginosi-Betuletum pubescentis</em> (121 species). The number of macromycete species recorded in individual peatland communities depends on the community type and is not conditioned by the number of observations and the number and the total area of permanent plots. Five mycosociologico-ecological groups of macroscopic fungi were distinguished based on numerical analyses. Four groups comprise species of fungi associated with a specific phytocoenosis or a group of phytocoenoses. One group consists of fungi with a broader ecological scale. The majority of environmental variables representing the substrate’s chemical properties, humidity and pH show a statistically significant influence on the diversity of macroscopic fungi species in the peatland communities. Cartogram maps of the distribution of 21 species of peatland fungi are included and geographico-ecological features of the species are briefly described.</p>

scholarly journals Biotical cycle in single-crop sowing and mixed agrophytocenosis of forage crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Aida Tamahina ◽  
Urfa Turan Ogly Turabov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Grey Forest Soil ◽  
Galega Orientalis

The biotic cycle is based on the assessment of chemical elements in the production, degradation processes, during the deposition and resynthesis of organic compounds. The biotic cycle of agrophytocenoses, in contrast to natural ecosystems, is characterized by a significant imbalance of macro- and microelements. One way of solving this problem is to approximate the composition and structure of agrophytocenoses to natural plant communities. The objective of the research was to investigate the biotic cycle of elements in single- and mixed-seeded crops of Galega orientalis Lam., Inula helenium L., Symphytum asperum Lepech., urtica dioica L. The research was conducted in the mountainous zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2015-2019 on grey forest soil. In mixed agrophytocenoses, the biotic balance becomes less negative compared to monoculture crops. The excess of consumption over the return of N, Ca, K, P to the soil averaged 3.96; 40.94; 334.02; 9.46 kg/ha, respectively, over 5 years. The inclusion of Galega orientalis in a mixture with nonlegurninous forage grasses increased the soil cultivation index from 0.87 to 0.90. The results show the high potential of a polyculture system based on the combined cultivation of legumes and non-legumes in increasing the sustainability of farming.

Information resources and information technology on crop production in reclaimed lands: the historical aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Irina Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Platform As A Service

Information technologie forecasting the successful solution for the anthropogenic impact reducing on the components of the agricultural landscapes as well as agricultural production losses, are a fundamental resource fto transform the system of high-cost and inefficient agricultural technologies into the systems of sustainable production of high-quality safe food for the population and raw materials for industry. The analysis of the experience and information resources, hardware and software of information systems in the land reclamation sector of agriculture at the stages of production management improvement which are prior to the stage of the digitalization, have been done. The necessity quality conformity for the automated procedures of production management, increasing possibilities of technical, technological, software and means of communication of the newly created information systems improving with a high degree of intensity are proved. The possible results of digital Internet technologies’ introduction n practice of the agricultural production in reclaimed lands is carried out. The requirement for the development of the new models of economic development in the conditions of market relations during the period of the economy digitalization, working in the interests of market participants, as opposed to the development of previous periods, including fiscal goals was estimated. The prospects of using PAAs (Platform as a service) business models are revealed. The efficiency of the cloud technologies for the basic information technology software and API (Application Programming Interface) placement and application of is confirmed. The success use of prepared procedures and solutions in practical application in the assignment of control actions in specific sphere as well as the aim of the user on the basis of combinations of the applied programs which are used in the composition with the subplatform in the reclamation lands is considered.

RITERIA FOR OPTIMAL FUNCTIONING IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND RECLAMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
O.V. Kablukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Energy Material ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Quality Of Products

When choosing criteria for optimal management of cultural agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to be guided by the achievement of a specific goal - creating their environmentally sustainable structure and ensuring normal functioning. Various aspects of economic, technological, or natural landscape orientation can be com-ponents of the system of criteria for optimal functioning. The criteria are used in the design of agroecosystems and the formation of cultural agricultural landscapes on reclaimed land. In this case, the interaction of related processes aimed at increasing the productivity and sustainability of agricultural landscapes isensured, high quality of products is achieved, damage from aggressive and negative processes is localized, energy, material, labor and financial costs are minimized.

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