scholarly journals CAN THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CASTOR AND JATROPHA OILS BE EFFICIENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PINK MEALYBUG?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Anderson Mathias Holtz ◽  
Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer ◽  
Filipe Garcia Holtz ◽  
José Romário De Carvalho ◽  
Ronilda Lana Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

The pink mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a polyphagous pest species that has been reported in about 350 species of host plants worldwide. Usually, the use of synthetic chemicals is still the most used control method for the control of agricultural pests. The objective of this present work was to evaluate the potential of the interaction of oils extracted from the species Ricinus communis L. (castor) and Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) (Euphorbiaceae) in the form of direct and indirect application on M. hirsutus. The experiments were conducted in air-conditioned chambers at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity 70% ± 10 and a photophase of 12h. The 3% concentration was used in the tests, with 11 interaction ratios between the oils. Individuals' mortality was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after spraying. The results of the interactions indicated up to 78% mortality of individuals in the ratio 90% castor + 10% jatropha via indirect application, while in the direct application on individuals they presented 53% mortality in the ratio 40% castor + 60% jatropha. The interactions between castor and jatropha oils have demonstrated potential in the management of pink mealybug by direct or indirect application.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Jatropha and Neem Oil Combination on Pink Hibiscus Mealybug

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Anderson Mathias Holtz ◽  
Ana Beatriz Mamedes Piffer ◽  
Filipe Garcia Holtz ◽  
José Romário de Carvalho ◽  
Ronilda Lana Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Pink Hibiscus Mealybug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Alternative

Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) is a polyphagous pest species reported in about 350 species of host plants worldwide. The chemical control method is still the most used for the control of agricultural pests. In view of this, we aim to evaluate the potential of the concentration of oils extracted from the species Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Jatropha curcas (Jatropha) on M. hirsutus, aiming at a management alternative for the pest. The experiments were carried out in air-conditioned chambers at a temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a photophase of 12h. The concentration 3% (v v-1) (defined in preliminary dilution tests) was used in the tests, with 11 interaction ratios between the oils. Mortality was assessed daily up to 72 hours after spraying. The application was carried out in two ways: indirect - on the food and walking surface; and direct - about insects. The indirect application caused higher levels of mortality in relation to the direct application. However, there was no significant difference between the concentrations for the indirect application. In the form of direct application, the combination of 60:40% neem oil and jatropha oil was the treatment that provided the highest mortality of the M. hirsutus (86.21%). The combinations between neem and jatropha oils demonstrated the potential to control M. hirsutus in both routes of application, being an alternative for the management of this pest.

scholarly journals Hybridization of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) in Morelos, México

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Canul Ku ◽  
Edwin J. Barrios-Gómez ◽  
Eleodoro Hernández-Meneses ◽  
Sandra E. Rangel-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

Objective: To determine the stigma receptivity and the pollen viability in order to make manual crosses and obtain viable progeny in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.).Design/Methodology/Approach: Pollen viability tests were made on breeding materials by staining with acetocarmine solution. In elite materials, the receptivity of the stigma was evaluated with hydrogen peroxide. From the inflorescences, the male ones were removed and the female ones were preserved, which were covered with a glassine bag. After six days, they were checked and when they were considered receptive, manual pollinations were carried out between viable pollen materials and receptive stigma. The pollen of the male parent was impregnated in the stigmas and the inflorescence was covered again.Results: The breeding materials exhibited viable pollen since they were stained red. Whereas, the application of hydrogen peroxide to the stigmas of the elite materials showed bubbling, indicative that they were receptive. In 2014, 400 inflorescences were pollinated with 8 flowers on average and a fruit pollinated percentage of 61.21. In 2015, 245 inflorescences with 12 flowers on average and 61.24% of fruit were pollinated.Study Limitations/Implications: Temperature and relative humidity were fundamental factors for the success of castor bean fertilization.Findings/Conclusions: The elite castor bean materials presented receptive stigmas and the improved viable pollen materials. Manual crosses produced fruits and seeds. The fruits pollinated were 61%.

Two new species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4820 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRY TROYA ◽  
ALLEN L. NORRBOM ◽  
JULIA E. BOLANOS PINEDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
A New Species

Despite the fact that many species are economically important agricultural pests, the fruit fly fauna of Ecuador is still relatively poorly known. To better understand this fauna and the distribution and host plants of the pest species, the Proyecto Nacional de Manejo de las Moscas de la Fruta of AGROCALIDAD has conducted trapping surveys in many parts of the country. Two new species of Anastrepha from Ecuador that were collected by this project are described and illustrated: A. quadripuncta Troya & Norrbom and A. tinctobasis Troya & Norrbom. A new species group, the morvasi group, is recognized for A. morvasi Zucchi and A. quadripuncta.

scholarly journals Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy ◽  
Amala Joseph Prabakaran ◽  
Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Sex Reversion ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
First Time

AbstractCastor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.

scholarly journals Mitogenomic analysis of diversity of key whitefly pests in Kenya and its implication to their sustainable management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathiya M. Khamis ◽  
Fidelis L. O. Ombura ◽  
Inusa J. Ajene ◽  
Komivi S. Akutse ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Aleyrodes Proletella ◽  
Aleurodicus Dispersus

AbstractWhiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are devastating agricultural pests of economic importance vectoring pathogenic plant viruses. Knowledge on their diversity and distribution in Kenya is scanty, limiting development of effective sustainable management strategies. The present study is aimed at identifying whitefly pest species present in Kenya across different agroecological zones and establish predictive models for the most abundant species in Africa. Whiteflies were sampled in Kenya from key crops known to be severely infested and identified using 16S rRNA markers and complete mitochondrial genomes. Four whitefly species were identified: Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Bemisia afer and Trialeurodesvaporariorum, the latter being the most dominant species across all the agroecology. The assembly of complete mitogenomes and comparative analysis of all 13 protein coding genes confirmed the identities of the four species. Furthermore, prediction spatial models indicated high climatic suitability of T. vaporariorum in Africa, Europe, Central America, parts of Southern America, parts of Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Consequently, our findings provide information to guide biosecurity agencies on protocols to be adopted for precise identification of pest whitefly species in Kenya to serve as an early warning tool against T. vaporariorum invasion into unaffected areas and guide appropriate decision-making on their management.

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