scholarly journals EFFECTS OF COMBINED INOCULATION OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranean L. Verdc.) WITH GLOMUS MOSSEA AND BRADYHRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ON NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS UPTAKE IN SHOOT, PLANT BIOMASS, LEAF CHLOROPHYLL AND MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION EFFICIENCY (MIE).

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Olaoluwa Oluwafunto AJAYI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Phosphorous Uptake ◽  
Glomus Mossea ◽  
Screen House ◽  
Japonicum Strain

The response of Bambara groundnut to co-inoculation with Abuscular mychorrhizal fungi (G. mossea) and Bradhyrhizobium japonicum (strain USDA110) with regard to leaf chlorophyll, percentage shoot nitrogen and phosphorus, nodule weight and plant biomass was studied. Bambara plants were grown under screen house conditions in pots. Plants were inoculated with 1ml of B. japonicum USDA 110 strain (109 cfu /ml), Mychorrizal was applied to the plants 10g, and 20g (90 spores/g) and water was applied at 10ml, 20 ml and 50ml every other day. The obtained results showed that dual inoculation activity was able to improve both nitrogen and phosphorus in plant shoot, MIE, but did not improve biomass and leaf chlorophyll when compared with plants subjected to single inoculation with only G. mossea and only B. japonicum. More Nitrogen and Phosphorus was retained in the shoot of plants co-inoculated with B. japonicum and 20g G. mossea when given 50ml of water and also had higher biomass. Leaf chlorophyll reduced in plants as flowering approached. B. japonicum was able to positively influence and establish symbiosis with G.mossea and synergistically effectively act as “mycorrhiza helper bacteria” (MHB) when both were co-inoculated in Bambara plant.

scholarly journals VARIETAL RESPONSE OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA) TO MULCHING AND AMF INOCULATION IN CENTRAL NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1030-1035
Author(s):  
Odoh N.C ◽  
P.O. Idibia ◽  
O.C, Ncho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
The University

A trial was carried out in pots at the University of Abuja, Teaching and Research Farm (TRF) to evaluate the response of Bambara groundnut varieties (TVSu 460, TVSu 617, TVSU 622) to mulch and mycorrhizal inoculation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum (Glomus mosseae) and leguminous mulch (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv) were respectively applied at 10 g and 100 g per pot, 2 weeks after planting. The experiment was laid out in a factorial combination in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Plant biomass and nodulation were assessed at harvest and subjected to analysis of variance using statistical package Genstat Discovery Edition. The study revealed that combined application of mulch and G. mosseae increased the fresh root weight for all varieties ranging from 10.3 - 62.5 %. G. mosseae inoculation significantly increased the nodulation and root weight of TVSu 617 and TVSu 622 but TVSu 460 was not favored by inoculation. The enhanced shoot and root weight recorded under mulch and mycorrhizae treatments on Bambara groundnut varieties particularly could be as a result of an improved soil environment occasioned by these treatments.

scholarly journals The effect of inoculation of pea plants with mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Geneva ◽  
G. Zehirov ◽  
E. Djonova ◽  
N. Kaloyanova ◽  
G. Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Fixation Activity

The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Avola) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, strain D 293, regarding the growth, photosynthesis, nodulation and nitrogen fixation activity. Pea plants were grown in a glasshouse until the flowering stage (35 days), in 4 kg plastic pots using leached cinnamonic forest soil (Chromic Luvisols – FAO) at P levels 13.2 (P1) and 39.8 (P2) mg P/kg soil. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant biomass, photosynthetic rate, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation activity in comparison with single inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strain D 293. On the other hand, coinoculation significantly increased the total phosphorus content in plant tissue, acid phosphatase activity and percentage of root colonization. The effectiveness of coinoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Glomus mosseae was higher at the low phosphorus level while the coinoculation with Glomus intraradices appeared to be the most effective at higher phosphorus level.

scholarly journals Females and hermaphrodites of the gynodioecious Geranium maculatum respond similarly to soil nutrient availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Putney ◽  
Mavis Wolf ◽  
Chase Mason ◽  
Shu-Mei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient Availability ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Growth And Allocation

AbstractSexual dimorphism in plant growth and/or reproductive responses to the surrounding environment has been documented in some plant species. In gynodioecious plants, it is especially important to understand whether females and hermaphrodites differ in their response to environmental stressors, as the fitness of females relative to hermaphrodites determines the extent to which these separate sexes are maintained in natural populations. Soil nutrient availability is of particular importance given the different nutrient requirements of male and female sexual functions in plants. Here, we evaluated and compared the growth of females and hermaphrodites of Geranium maculatum in response to varying levels of nutrients. Using a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the overall nutrient, nitrogen, and phosphorus levels in the soil and measured growth, allocation, and leaf quality responses in both females and hermaphrodites. We found that sexes responded similarly in their growth and allocation responses to nutrient availability, albeit evidence that female leaf chlorophyll content may have increased more than that of hermaphrodites across soil nitrogen levels. Our findings demonstrate that hermaphrodites differ from females in terms of their physiological response to varying nutrient levels, however these physiological differences did not translate into meaningful growth or reproduction differences.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation and Grafting on Tolerance of Tomato to Combined Water and Nutrient Stress Assessed via Metabolomics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kalozoumis ◽  
Dimitrios Savvas ◽  
Konstantinos Aliferis ◽  
Georgia Ntatsi ◽  
George Marakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Metabolomics Analysis

In the current study, inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and grafting were tested as possible cultural practices that may enhance resilience of tomato to stress induced by combined water and nutrient shortage. The roots of tomato grown on perlite were either inoculated or not with PGPR, applying four different treatments. These were PGPR-T1, a mix of two Enterobacter sp. strains (C1.2 and C1.5); PGPR-T2, Paenibacillus sp. strain DN1.2; PGPR-T3, Enterobacter mori strain C3.1; and PGPR-T4, Lelliottia sp. strain D2.4. PGPR-treated plants were either self-grafted or grafted onto Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82 and received either full or 50% of their standard water, nitrogen, and phosphorus needs. The vegetative biomass of plants subjected to PGPR-T1 was not reduced when plants were cultivated under combined stress, while it was reduced by stress to the rest of the PGPR treatments. However, PGPR-T3 increased considerably plant biomass of non-stressed tomato plants than did all other treatments. PGPR application had no impact on fruit biomass, while grafting onto ’M82’ increased fruit production than did self-grafting. Metabolomics analysis in tomato leaves revealed that combined stress affects several metabolites, most of them already described as stress-related, including trehalose, myo-inositol, and monopalmitin. PGPR inoculation with E. mori strain C3.1 affected metabolites, which are important for plant/microbe symbiosis (myo-inositol and monopalmitin). The rootstock M82 did not affect many metabolites in plant leaves, but it clearly decreased the levels of malate and D-fructose and imposed an accumulation of oleic acid. In conclusion, PGPR are capable of increasing tomato tolerance to combined stress. However, further research is required to evaluate more strains and refine protocols for their application. Metabolites that were discovered as biomarkers could be used to accelerate the screening process for traits such as stress tolerance to abiotic and/or abiotic stresses. Finally, ‘M82’ is a suitable rootstock for tomato, as it is capable of increasing fruit biomass production.

scholarly journals Impact of chemical and organic fertilizer on the yield and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md Kamal Uddin ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohammad ◽  
Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽  
Motmainna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
Better Than

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of chemical and organic fertilizer on the yield and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). The size of the pot was 65.94 cm2. Different rates of compost, biofertilizer, gypsum was used along with the combination of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. N and P fertilizers were found to play dominating role to increase yield and nutritional composition of the plant. Number of pod (41.75), 100-seed weight (34.25 g), protein (22.15%), Ca (803.25 mg/ka) increased with the application of N and P 30 and 60 kg/ha, respectively which was better than all other treatments. The application of N30 + P60 kg/ha increased yield and nutritional composition of bambara groundnut.

Effects of Fire on the Growth, Nutrient Content and Rate of Nitrogen Fixation of the Cycad Macrozamia riedlei

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Grove ◽  
AM O'connell ◽  
N Malajczuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Coralloid Roots

The response of Macrozamia riedlei(Gaud.) C.A. Gardn. to fire, and its contribution to the input of nitrogen to the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) forest ecosystem of south-western Australia, were studied by measuring the biomass and nutrient content of plant parts, and the nitrogenase activity of coralloid roots, in relation to time since burning. Leaf growth was rapid during the first year following fire. In forest burnt 1-5 years previously, the ratio of weight of leaves to weight of bole did not differ significantly between sites. On a site burnt 7 years previously a reduced proportion of leaves in the total plant biomass was attributed to a yellowing and senescence of leaves. The ratio of weight of coralloid roots to weight of boles was greatest on the most recently burnt site. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in leaves, and phosphorus, potassium and zinc in coralloid roots, were significantly higher in plants growing in recently burnt forest. Concentrations of calcium, sodium and chlorine in leaves were higher on sites which had not been burnt recently. The rate of acetylene reduction, expressed per unit of bole weight, was greatest where forest had been burnt 1 year before sampling and decreased to a minimum where burning had occurred 7 years previously. This trend resulted from a decrease in both the weight and nitrogenase activity of coralloid roots with increasing time since burning. Estimated rates of nitrogen fixation were 8.4 and 1.4 kg ha-1 year-1 on sites burnt 1 . 5 and 7 years previously. In the period between successive prescribed burns (5 to 7 years), M. riedlei was estimated to fix c. 35 kg nitrogen ha-1. This appears to be a significant input in relation to the nitrogen balance of the jarrah forest ecosystem.

Long Term Trends in the Occurrence of Phaeocystis Sp. in the North-East Atlantic

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J.P. Owens ◽  
D. Cook ◽  
M. Colebrook ◽  
H. Hunt ◽  
P.C. Reid
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Flagellate Algae

The effects of nutrient enrichment of natural water bodies range from small increases in plant biomass and production, to gross deterioration of water quality. The input of nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus) to the sea off NW Europe (especially the North Sea) has increased dramatically over the last three or four decades (Folkard & Jones, 1974; Bennekom et al., 1975; Postma, 1978; Cadee, 1986a) but there is uncertainty about the effects on the ecosystem. One possible effect might be to induce changes in the phytoplankton community. Such an effect has been reported for the North Sea, where increases in flagellate algae have been observed (Gieskes & Kraay, 1977; Postma, 1985; Cadee, 1986b; Batje & Michaelis, 1986). Phaeocystis is one such alga, and its purported involvement in the formation of large quantities of foam, observed on European beaches (Batje & Michaelis, 1986; Weisse et al, 1986), together with evidence that the alga is a source of atmospheric sulphur compounds (Barnard et al, 1984) (with implications for atmospheric acidity), has attracted particular attention and concern

scholarly journals Vegetation characteristics control local sediment and nutrient retention on but not underneath vegetation in floodplain meadows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0252694
Author(s):  
Lena Kretz ◽  
Elisabeth Bondar-Kunze ◽  
Thomas Hein ◽  
Ronny Richter ◽  
Christiane Schulz-Zunkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Sediment Traps ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Floodplain Management ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Floodplain Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics

Sediment and nutrient retention are essential ecosystem functions that floodplains provide and that improve river water quality. During floods, the floodplain vegetation retains sediment, which settles on plant surfaces and the soil underneath plants. Both sedimentation processes require that flow velocity is reduced, which may be caused by the topographic features and the vegetation structure of the floodplain. However, the relative importance of these two drivers and their key components have rarely been both quantified. In addition to topographic factors, we expect vegetation height and density, mean leaf size and pubescence, as well as species diversity of the floodplain vegetation to increase the floodplain’s capacity for sedimentation. To test this, we measured sediment and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) both on the vegetation itself and on sediment traps underneath the vegetation after a flood at 24 sites along the River Mulde (Germany). Additionally, we measured biotic and topographic predictor variables. Sedimentation on the vegetation surface was positively driven by plant biomass and the height variation of the vegetation, and decreased with the hydrological distance (total R2 = 0.56). Sedimentation underneath the vegetation was not driven by any vegetation characteristics but decreased with hydrological distance (total R2 = 0.42). Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content in the sediment on the traps increased with the total amount of sediment (total R2 = 0.64, 0.62 and 0.84, respectively), while C, N and P on the vegetation additionally increased with hydrological distance (total R2 = 0.80, 0.79 and 0.92, respectively). This offers the potential to promote sediment and especially nutrient retention via vegetation management, such as adapted mowing. The pronounced signal of the hydrological distance to the river emphasises the importance of a laterally connected floodplain with abandoned meanders and morphological depressions. Our study improves our understanding of the locations where floodplain management has its most significant impact on sediment and nutrient retention to increase water purification processes.

scholarly journals Applications of Vegetative Indices from Remote Sensing to Agriculture: Past and Future

Inventions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Hatfield ◽  
John H. Prueger ◽  
Thomas J. Sauer ◽  
Christian Dold ◽  
Peter O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Vegetative Indices

Remote sensing offers the capability of observing an object without being in contact with the object. Throughout the recent history of agriculture, researchers have observed that different wavelengths of light are reflected differently by plant leaves or canopies and that these differences could be used to determine plant biophysical characteristics, e.g., leaf chlorophyll, plant biomass, leaf area, phenological development, type of plant, photosynthetic activity, or amount of ground cover. These reflectance differences could also extend to the soil to determine topsoil properties. The objective of this review is to evaluate how past research can prepare us to utilize remote sensing more effectively in future applications. To estimate plant characteristics, combinations of wavebands may be placed into a vegetative index (VI), i.e., combinations of wavebands related to a specific biophysical characteristic. These VIs can express differences in plant response to their soil, meteorological, or management environment and could then be used to determine how the crop could be managed to enhance its productivity. In the past decade, there has been an expanded use of machine learning to determine how remote sensing can be used more effectively in decision-making. The application of artificial intelligence into the dynamics of agriculture will provide new opportunities for how we can utilize the information we have available more effectively. This can lead to linkages with robotic systems capable of being directed to specific areas of a field, an orchard, a pasture, or a vineyard to correct a problem. Our challenge will be to develop and evaluate these relationships so they will provide a benefit to our food security and environmental quality.

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