ANALYSIS OF THE TIME OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS OF WORKING AGE AFTER PUTTING NEW CORONOVIRAL INFECTION COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Артём Николаевич Шевцов ◽  
Евгений Владимирович Белов ◽  
Данаил Красимирович Назлиев
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Observed Damage

В статье проводится анализ сроков возникновения различного рода осложнений ряда систем органов у больных, перенесших Covid-19. Представленная тематика является крайне актуальной в виду продолжающейся пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции. Интерес обусловлен еще и необходимостью адекватной и своевременной реабилитации больных лиц трудоспособного возраста. Стоит понимать, что, несмотря на то, что почти все силы многих ученых-исследователей и врачей во всем мире брошено на определение различных аспектов новой коронавирусной инфекции, включая этиологию, патогенез, изучение симптоматики и вариантов лечения - пока еще мало внимания уделяется вопросам возникновения постковидных осложнений и их лечению. Объектами исследования послужило 300 пациентов, обоего пола, трудоспособного возраста, перенесших Covid-19 и обращающихся в приемное отделение БУЗ ВО ВОКБ№1 с впервые возникшими жалобами различного характера. Все пациенты были разделены на 3 группы по 100 человек. 1 группу составили пациенты, которым был поставлен диагноз ассоциированной Covid-19 пневмонии 1 степени поражения (по КТ) и которым была не показана госпитализация. 2 группу составили больные, которым был поставлен диагноз ассоциированной Covid-19 пневмонии 2 степени (по КТ). 3 группу составили пациенты, которым был поставлен диагноз ассоциированной Covid-19 пневмонии 3 степени. Пациенты 2 и 3 групп были госпитализированы и проходили лечение в БУЗ ВО ВОКБ №1 (корпус №2). В работе были установлены некоторые аспекты течения новой коронавирусной инфекции, такие как общая длительность заболевания, особенности температурной реакции организма пациентов и динамика их «общей слабости»; подробно изучен эпидемиологический анамнез, с обозначением возможным путей заражения и определения «эпидемиологической» грамотности и гражданской сознательности пациентов. Далее в работе были определены органы и системы органов подверженные развитию разнообразных осложнений. Наиболее часто наблюдалось поражение дыхательной, сердечно-сосудистой и пищеварительной систем органов. Подробно изучался тип возникшего патологического процесса, а также сроки его развития. Полученные данные представляют определенный интерес, как для врачей занимающихся лечением новой коронавирусной инфекции, так и для тех, кто занят последующей реабилитацией пациентов The article analyzes the timing of the occurrence of various complications of a number of organ systems in patients who have undergone Covid-19. The presented topic is extremely relevant in view of the ongoing pandemic of the new coronavirus infection. Interest is also due to the need for adequate and timely rehabilitation of sick people of working age. It should be understood that despite the fact that almost all the efforts of many research scientists and doctors around the world are thrown into the definition of various aspects of the new coronavirus infection, including etiology, pathogenesis, the study of symptoms and treatment options, so far little attention has been paid to the emergence of postcoid complications and their treatment. The objects of the study were 300 patients, of both sexes, of working age, who had undergone Covid-19 and applied to the admission department of BUZ VO VOKB No. 1 with new complaints of a different nature. All patients were divided into 3 groups of 100 people. Group 1 consisted of patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 associated pneumonia and grade 1 lesions (by CT) and who were not shown hospitalization. Group 2 consisted of patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 associated pneumonia and grade 2 (by CT). Group 3 consisted of patients who were diagnosed with Covid-19 associated pneumonia and grade 3. Patients of groups 2 and 3 were hospitalized and underwent treatment at BUZ VOKB No. 1 (building No. 2). The work identified some aspects of the course of the new coronavirus infection, such as the total duration of the disease, the features of the temperature response of the patient's body and the dynamics of their "general weakness"; the epidemiological history was studied in detail, with the designation of possible ways of infection and the definition of "epidemiological" literacy and civic consciousness of patients. Further, the work identified organs and organ systems susceptible to the development of various complications. The most frequently observed damage to the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems of organs. The type of the pathological process that has arisen, as well as the timing of its development, were studied in detail. The data obtained are of certain interest, both for doctors involved in the treatment of a new coronavirus infection, and for those who are engaged in the subsequent rehabilitation of patients

ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS AFTER PREVIOUS NEW CORONOVIRAL COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Артём Николаевич Шевцов ◽  
Евгений Владимирович Белов ◽  
Оксана Александровна Андросова
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lung Tissue Damage

Статья посвящена анализу возникающих осложнений различных органов и систем органов у пациентов перенесших новую коронавирусную инфекцию. Данная тематика в настоящее время представляет большой интерес для врачей самых разнообразных специальностей. Подобный интерес обусловлен тем, что пандемия Covid-19 возникла лишь в 2020 году. Врачам и ученым, несмотря на все прилагаемые ими усилия еще не удалось полностью расшифровать природу вирусной инфекции, не удалось определить все аспекты этиологии и патогенеза. В настоящее время множество ресурсов различного плана практически во всех странах мира направлены, как на решение данных аспектов, так и на изучение основных клинических проявлений новой коронавирусной инфекции, вариантов ее лечения и предупреждения возможных осложнений, изучение которых и стало целью данной работы. Объектами исследования послужило 200 пациентов, мужчин и женщин трудоспособного возраста, перенесших Covid-19 и обращающихся в стационар и в поликлинику с различными жалобами. Все больные были разделены на 4 группы по 50 человек. 1 группу составили пациенты, которые перенесли данную инфекцию бессимптомно или в легкой форме, зачастую узнав о болезни по результатам определения антител в крови (иммуноглобулины G). 2 группу составили больные, которым был поставлен диагноз «пневмония» 1 степени (по объему поражения легочной ткани). 3 группу составили пациенты, которым был поставлен диагноз «пневмония» 2 степени (по объему поражения легочной ткани). 4 группу составили больные, которым был поставлен диагноз «пневмония» 3 степени (по объему поражения легочной ткани). Было установлено, что наиболее часто встречались осложнения дыхательной, сердечно-сосудистой и пищеварительной систем. Осложнения на нервную систему, опорно-двигательную и выделительную у данных испытуемых встречались гораздо реже. При этом по отдельным нозологиям и симптомам наиболее часто выделяли: дыхательная система - кашель и одышка при физической нагрузки (которой ранее не наблюдалось); сердечно-сосудистая система - боли в области сердца и различные нарушения ритма; пищеварительная система - симптоматика панкреатита и холецистита. Подобное исследование может быть интересным не только для врачей, занимающихся лечением пациентов с Covid-19, но и для врачей, занимающихся лечением последствий данной инфекции The article is devoted to the analysis of emerging complications of various organs and organ systems in patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection. This topic is currently of great interest for doctors of various specialties. This interest is due to the fact that the Covid-19 pandemic only emerged in 2020. Doctors and scientists, despite all their efforts, have not yet been able to fully decipher the nature of the viral infection, have not been able to determine all aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis. Currently, many resources of various kinds in almost all countries of the world are aimed both at solving these aspects and at studying the main clinical manifestations of a new coronavirus infection, options for its treatment and prevention of possible complications, the study of which became the purpose of this work. The objects of the study were 200 patients, men and women of working age, who had undergone Covid-19 and went to a hospital and a polyclinic with various complaints. All patients were divided into 4 groups of 50 people. Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent this infection asymptomatically or in a mild form, often learning about the disease by the results of the determination of antibodies in the blood (immunoglobulins G). Group 2 consisted of patients who were diagnosed with pneumonia of the 1st degree (by the volume of lung tissue damage). Group 3 consisted of patients who were diagnosed with grade 2 pneumonia (by the volume of lung tissue damage). Group 4 consisted of patients who were diagnosed with grade 3 pneumonia (by the volume of lung tissue damage). It was found that the most common complications of the respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems. Complications of the nervous system, musculoskeletal and excretory systems were much less common in these subjects. At the same time, according to individual nosologies and symptoms, the following were most often distinguished: respiratory system - cough and shortness of breath during physical exertion (which was not previously observed); cardiovascular system - pain in the heart and various rhythm disturbances; digestive system - symptoms of pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Such a study may be interesting not only for doctors treating patients with Covid-19, but also for doctors treating the consequences of this infection

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

scholarly journals SAT0371 ARE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE VIDEOS ON YOUTUBE A USEFUL SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR SPONDYLOARTHRITIS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1133.1-1133
Author(s):  
S. Elangovan ◽  
Y. H. Kwan ◽  
W. Fong
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Misleading Information ◽  
Information Group ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Patient Opinion ◽  
Group 1

Background:Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a family of chronic inflammatory disorders. Social media, such as YouTube, is a popular online platform where patients often visit for information. However, the validity of the content uploaded onto YouTube is not known.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of the most viewed English-language YouTube videos on SpA.Methods:Keywords “spondyloarthritis”, “spondyloarthropathy” and “ankylosing spondylitis” were searched on YouTube on October 7th, 2019. The top 270 videos were screened. Videos were excluded if they were irrelevant, in non-English language or if they had no audio. Total number of views, duration on YouTube (days), video length, upload date, number of likes, dislikes, subscribers and comments were recorded for videos. A modified 5-point DISCERN tool1and the 5-point Global Quality Scale (GQS) score2were used to assess the reliability and quality of the videos, with higher scores indicating greater reliability and quality respectively.Results:Two hundred of 270 videos were included in the final analysis [61.5% from healthcare professionals, 37.0% from patients, 1.5% from news channels]. Of the 200 videos, 15 were uploaded within the last year and 112 in the last five years. 120 (60%) were categorized as useful information (Group 1), 6 (3%) as misleading information (Group 2), 52 (26%) as useful patient opinion (Group 3) and 22 (11%) as misleading patient opinion (Group 4). Useful videos were mainly from healthcare professionals or patients (86%). Useful videos (Group 1 and 3) had higher median (IQR) number of subscribers [2700 (14700) vs 211 (457), p < 0.01], reliability scores [3 (1) vs 2 (1), p < 0.01] and GQS scores [3 (1) vs. 2 (1), p < 0.001] compared to misleading videos (Group 2 and 4), respectively.Videos uploaded by healthcare professionals tended to have more useful information [94% (116 of 123) vs. 66% (49 of 74), p < 0.001] and had higher median (IQR) reliability scores [3 (1) vs 2 (1), p < 0.001] and GQS scores [3 (2) vs 2 (1), p < 0.001] compared to patient uploaded videos respectively. Of the 5 (out of 123) videos from healthcare professionals that had misleading information, it was because of outdated information on diagnosis (3 videos) and treatment (5 videos) of SpA. Of the 22 videos that had misleading patient opinion, 9 (41%) wrongly described the clinical features for SpA and 14 (64%) portrayed the current evidence based treatment options as ineffective and described alternative treatment plans (i.e. diet restrictions, complementary and alternative medicine).Conclusion:The majority of English language YouTube videos have useful information on the topic of SpA, however, 31% of patient opinions have inaccurate information on the clinical features and treatment options, and viewers need to be cognisant of these “fake news”.References:[1]Charnock D, Shepperd S, Needham G, Gann R (1999) DISCERN: an instrument for judging the quality of written consumer health information on treatment choices. J Epidemiol Community Health 53(2): 105-111[2]Bernard A, Langille M, Hughes S, Rose C, Leddin D, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S (2007) A systematic review of patient inflammatory bowel disease information resources on the World Wide Web. Am J Gastroenterol 102(9):2070-2077Disclosure of Interests:Sakktivel Elangovan: None declared, Yu Heng Kwan: None declared, Warren Fong Consultant of: Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Janssen, Novartis

Rash and Mucositis Associated With Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae: A Recurrence of MIRM?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Brazel ◽  
Brooke Kulp ◽  
Geoanna Bautista ◽  
Andrew Bonwit
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Stevens Johnson Syndrome ◽  
First Case ◽  
Johnson Syndrome ◽  
Vesicular Rash ◽  
Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Introduction A new concept has come to light recently, that is, Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). Here, we report the first case of recurrent rash, mucositis, and conjunctivitis involving Mycoplasma pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae that fits under the criteria of what is currently defined as MIRM. Case Presentation A patient aged 12 years with a history of recurrent aphthous ulcers presented in 2013 with worsening oral lesions, conjunctivitis, and vesicular rash. Her respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel was positive for M. pneumoniae. She was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) secondary to M. pneumoniae and treated with a macrolide, acyclovir, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The same patient returned 3 years later with an identical constellation of symptoms, at which time her PCR was positive for C. pneumoniae. In addition to IVIG and a macrolide, a corticosteroid treatment was administered. Discussion Here, we present the case of a pediatric patient with a recurrence of mucocutaneous disease that is more consistent with MIRM than the proposed SJS or erythema multiforme (EM) documented via histology. Our patient’s symptoms were controlled with azithromycin and IVIG and, in the second episode, with corticosteroids as well. This case adds to that of Mayor-Ibarguren et al, providing further evidence that C. pneumonia may also be a trigger for MIRM. Patients will benefit from expanding the definition of MIRM, as the pathogenesis differs from SJS and EM and could result in more specific treatment options.

The working of the urology department during the COVID-19 epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Kul’chavenya ◽  
Denis P. Kholtobin ◽  
Alexander I. Neymark
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) a pandemic. The pandemic also significantly affected all academic, scientific and educational activities. Material and methods. We compared the work of the urological departments of the private (Medical Center Avicenna, Novosibisk) and municipal (City Clinical Hospital No. 11, Barnaul) clinics, as well as the urogenital department of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Tuberculosis of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia for 6 months of calm 2019, and the first half of 2020, which coincided with the start of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Results. In March 2020, the urogenital department of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Tuberculosis of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia was redesigned into an observational one. In the first half of 2020, patients with malignant neoplasms, varicocele, chronic pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, dropsy of the testicular membranes and with phimosis/paraphimosis were admitted to the urology department of the City Hospital No. 11 in Barnaul in the first half of 2020. On the contrary, statistically significant in 2020 the number of patients admitted for kidney abscess and acute prostatitis prevailed. It can be assumed that, due to the tense epidemic situation, patients postponed seeking medical attention until their condition required emergency intervention. In the Medical Center Avicenna (Novosibirsk) in the first half of 2020 the number of visits to the pediatric urologist significantly decreased, the inpatient and average bed-day decreased. On the contrary the total duration of the patients' stay in the day hospital has significantly increased, which is logically explained by the epidemic situation; there was a statistically significant decrease in the number of most operations and outpatient procedures. Conclusion. The new coronavirus infection has affected all spheres of human life, to a maximum extent on medicine. In the first six months, no unified approaches to the management of urological patients in epidemic conditions were developed; clinics worked according to internal standards. Our analysis showed that strict adherence to sanitary and hygienic standards and the implementation of anti-epidemic measures allows us to provide urological care to patients in full-even in such unfavorable conditions.

scholarly journals Immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a brief review

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Organ Systems

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (icis) such as inhibitors of ctla-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, given as monotherapy or combination therapy have emerged as effective treatment options for immune-sensitive solid tumours and hematologic malignancies. The benefits of icis can be offset by immune-related adverse events (iraes) that leave all organ systems vulnerable and subsequently increase the risk for morbidity and mortality.Because of fluctuating onset and prolonged duration, the toxicities associated with iraes represent a shift from the understanding of conventional anticancer toxicities. The ctla-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors modulate T-cell response differently, resulting in distinct toxicity patterns, toxicity kinetics, and dose–toxicity relationships. Using individualized patient education, screening, and assessment for the early identification of iraes is key to proactive management and is therefore key to improving outcomes and prolonging therapy.Management of iraes is guided by appropriate grading, which sets the stage for the treatment setting (outpatient vs. inpatient), ici treatment course (delay vs. discontinuation), supportive care, corticosteroid use, organ specialist consultation, and additional immunosuppression. Health care professionals in oncology must work collaboratively with emergency and community colleagues to facilitate an understanding of iraes in an effort to optimize seamless care.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Lenin Beltran Gonzalez ◽  
Mario González Gámez ◽  
Emanuel Antonio Mendoza Enciso ◽  
Ramiro Josue Esparza Maldonado ◽  
Daniel Hernández Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

AbstractBackgroundIn the search for active drugs against COVID-19, the indications of many have been redirected. Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine are drugs that inhibit viral replication in vitro and that have been used in several medical centers.ObjectivesThis clinical trial analyzes the efficacy of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with moderate COVID-19 and in need of hospitalization.MethodsThis a controlled, clinical, randomized, double-blind trial that included patients with COVID-19-induced pneumonia and hospitalization criteria, but no severe respiratory failure. Patients were randomized to one of three groups: Group1-hydroxychloroquine, 400 mg every 12 hours on the first day and subsequently, 200 mg every 12 hours for 4 days, Group 2-ivermectin, 12 mg or 18 mg, according to patient weight and, Group 3-placebo. At inclusion, blood samples for arterial blood gases and biochemical markers associated with a poor prognosis were obtained. The primary outcome was established as the duration of hospitalization until discharge due to patient improvement, the total duration of hospitalization, and the safety outcomes were either respiratory deterioration or death.ResultsDuring the month of August, the admission of patients requiring hospitalization mostly encompassed cases with severe respiratory failure, so we ended the recruitment process and analyzed the data that was available at the time. One hundred and six (106) patients with an average age of 53 yrs. (±16.9) were included, with a greater proportion of males (n=66, 62.2 %). Seventy-two percent (72%) (n= 76) had an associated comorbidity. Ninety percent (90 %) of patients were discharged due to improvement (n=96). The average duration of hospitalization was 6 days (IQR, 3 – 10). No difference in hospitalization duration was found between the treatment groups (Group1: 7 vs Group 2: 6 vs Group 3: 5, p=0.43) nor in respiratory deterioration or death (Group 1: 18 % vs Group 2: 22.2 % vs Group 3: 24.3 %, p =0.83).ConclusionsIn non-critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, neither ivermectin nor hydroxychloroquine decreases the number of in-hospital days, respiratory deterioration, or deaths.ClinicalTrials identifier NCT04391127

scholarly journals The disorder of the iron metabolism as a possible mechanism for the development of neurodegeneration after new coronavirus infection of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Igor V. Krasakov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The involvement of the nervous system in the pathological process that occurs when COVID-19 is infected is becoming more and more obvious. The question of the possibility of the debut or progression of the already developed Parkinsonism syndrome in patients who have undergone COVID-19 is regularly raised. A large number of hypotheses are put forward to explain this relationship. It is assumed that a violation of iron metabolism in the brain may underlie the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including after the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of stu dies on the possible influence of iron metabolism disorders on the occurrence and mechanism of development of neurodegenerative diseases after infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been carried out. The processes of physiological maintenance of iron homeostasis, as well as the influence of physiological aging on the accumulation of iron in the central nervous system are described. The relationship between hyperferritinemia occurring in COVID-19 and ferroptosis as the basis of the neurodegenerative process in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers disease is discussed. The main molecular mechanisms involved in ferroptosis are described. Examples of involvement of metal homeostasis disorders in the process of altering the structure of -synuclein, synthesis of -amyloid, hyperphosphorylated tau- protein are given. The causes of excessive iron accumulation in certain brain structures are discussed. The question of the possibility of using the assessment of changes in iron metabolism as a new biomarker of the progression of Parkinsons disease is analyzed. (1 figure, bibliography: 62 refs)

scholarly journals Rare Treatments for Rare Dyslipidemias: New Perspectives in the Treatment of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura D’Erasmo ◽  
Simone Bini ◽  
Marcello Arca
Keyword(s):  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Purpose of Review This review aims to summarize the most recent published literature concerning lomitapide and volanesorsen that are approved for the use in HoFH and FCS patients, respectively. Moreover, it will briefly revise the published evidence on novel, non-approved treatments that are under evaluation for the management of these rare forms of dyslipidemias Recent Findings The definition of rare dyslipidemias identifies a large number of severe disorders of lipid metabolism of genetic origin. Among them were homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) (OMIM #143890) and familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) (OMIM #238600), which are characterized by a markedly impaired cholesterol- and triglyceride-containing lipoproteins metabolism. They are being particularly associated with poor health outcomes and quality of life. Considering the severity of these diseases, common lipid-lowering drugs are often ineffective or do not allow to achieve the recommended lipid targets to prevent the development of complications. Nowadays, several new drugs have been found to effectively treat HoFH and FCS with an acceptable safety profile. Summary Treating patients with HoFH and FCS remains very challenging. However, novel treatment options are emerging and might be considered in addition to conventional therapy for managing these diseases. These novel drugs will possibly change the natural history of these two rare and life-threatening diseases.

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