scholarly journals The disorder of the iron metabolism as a possible mechanism for the development of neurodegeneration after new coronavirus infection of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Igor V. Krasakov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The involvement of the nervous system in the pathological process that occurs when COVID-19 is infected is becoming more and more obvious. The question of the possibility of the debut or progression of the already developed Parkinsonism syndrome in patients who have undergone COVID-19 is regularly raised. A large number of hypotheses are put forward to explain this relationship. It is assumed that a violation of iron metabolism in the brain may underlie the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including after the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of stu dies on the possible influence of iron metabolism disorders on the occurrence and mechanism of development of neurodegenerative diseases after infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been carried out. The processes of physiological maintenance of iron homeostasis, as well as the influence of physiological aging on the accumulation of iron in the central nervous system are described. The relationship between hyperferritinemia occurring in COVID-19 and ferroptosis as the basis of the neurodegenerative process in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimers disease is discussed. The main molecular mechanisms involved in ferroptosis are described. Examples of involvement of metal homeostasis disorders in the process of altering the structure of -synuclein, synthesis of -amyloid, hyperphosphorylated tau- protein are given. The causes of excessive iron accumulation in certain brain structures are discussed. The question of the possibility of using the assessment of changes in iron metabolism as a new biomarker of the progression of Parkinsons disease is analyzed. (1 figure, bibliography: 62 refs)

scholarly journals Hepcidin: A Critical Regulator of Iron Metabolism during Hypoxia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korry J. Hintze ◽  
James P. McClung
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Hypoxia Response Element ◽  
Hypoxia Response ◽  
Hepcidin Expression

Iron status affects cognitive and physical performance in humans. Recent evidence indicates that iron balance is a tightly regulated process affected by a series of factors other than diet, to include hypoxia. Hypoxia has profound effects on iron absorption and results in increased iron acquisition and erythropoiesis when humans move from sea level to altitude. The effects of hypoxia on iron balance have been attributed to hepcidin, a central regulator of iron homeostasis. This paper will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia affects hepcidin expression, to include a review of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/hypoxia response element (HRE) system, as well as recent evidence indicating that localized adipose hypoxia due to obesity may affect hepcidin signaling and organismal iron metabolism.

scholarly journals Molekulare Kontrolle der Stabilität und Plastizität von Synapsen

BIOspektrum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-590
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Mushtaq ◽  
Jan Pielage
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Synaptic Connectivity ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Neuronal Circuits ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe precise regulation of synaptic connectivity is essential for the processing of information in the brain. Any aberrant loss of synaptic connectivity due to genetic mutations will disrupt information flow in the nervous system and may represent the underlying cause of psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling synaptic plasticity and maintenance is essential for our understanding of neuronal circuits in development and disease.

scholarly journals Does Ceruloplasmin Defend Against Neurodegenerative Diseases?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Xiao-Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Ferroxidase Activity ◽  
Abnormal Metabolism

Ceruloplasmin (CP) is the major copper transport protein in plasma, mainly produced by the liver. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked CP (GPI-CP) is the predominant form expressed in astrocytes of the brain. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that CP is an essential protein in the body with multiple functions such as regulating the homeostasis of copper and iron ions, ferroxidase activity, oxidizing organic amines, and preventing the formation of free radicals. In addition, as an acute-phase protein, CP is induced during inflammation and infection. The fact that patients with genetic disorder aceruloplasminemia do not suffer from tissue copper deficiency, but rather from disruptions in iron metabolism shows essential roles of CP in iron metabolism rather than copper. Furthermore, abnormal metabolism of metal ions and oxidative stress are found in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Wilson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Brain iron accumulation and decreased activity of CP have been shown to be associated with neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that CP may play a protective role in neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether iron accumulation is a cause or a result of neurodegeneration remains unclear. Further research on molecular mechanisms is required before a consensus can be reached regarding a neuroprotective role for CP in neurodegeneration. This review article summarizes the main physiological functions of CP and the current knowledge of its role in neurodegenerative diseases.

Ferroptosis Is Regulated by Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juepu Zhou ◽  
Yao Jin ◽  
Yuhong Lei ◽  
Tianyi Liu ◽  
Zheng Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Dependent Form

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a gradual decline in motor and/or cognitive function caused by the selective degeneration and loss of neurons in the central nervous system, but their pathological mechanism is still unclear. Previous research has revealed that many forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis, occur in neurodegenerative diseases. Research in recent years has noticed that there is a new type of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: ferroptosis. An increasing body of literature provides evidence for an involvement of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Summary: In this article, we review a new form of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, which occurs through the lethal accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species when glutathione-dependent lipid peroxide repair systems are compromised. Several salient and established features of neurodegenerative diseases (including lipid peroxidation and iron dyshomeostasis) are consistent with ferroptosis, which means that ferroptosis may be involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, as the center of energy metabolism in cells, mitochondria are also closely related to the regulation of iron homeostasis in the nervous system. At the same time, neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by degeneration of mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial damage has been found to be involved in lipid peroxidation and iron dyshomeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Key Messages: Based on the summary of the related mechanisms of ferroptosis, we conclude that mitochondrial damage may affect neurodegenerative diseases by regulating many aspects of ferroptosis, including cell metabolism, iron dyshomeostasis, and lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Genome-resolved metagenomics reveals role of iron metabolism in drought-induced rhizosphere microbiome dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xu ◽  
Zhaobin Dong ◽  
Dawn Chiniquy ◽  
Grady Pierroz ◽  
Siwen Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Transport ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Root Microbiome

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that drought leads to dramatic, highly conserved shifts in the root microbiome. At present, the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses remain largely uncharacterized. Here we employ genome-resolved metagenomics and comparative genomics to demonstrate that carbohydrate and secondary metabolite transport functionalities are overrepresented within drought-enriched taxa. These data also reveal that bacterial iron transport and metabolism functionality is highly correlated with drought enrichment. Using time-series root RNA-Seq data, we demonstrate that iron homeostasis within the root is impacted by drought stress, and that loss of a plant phytosiderophore iron transporter impacts microbial community composition, leading to significant increases in the drought-enriched lineage, Actinobacteria. Finally, we show that exogenous application of iron disrupts the drought-induced enrichment of Actinobacteria, as well as their improvement in host phenotype during drought stress. Collectively, our findings implicate iron metabolism in the root microbiome’s response to drought and may inform efforts to improve plant drought tolerance to increase food security.

scholarly journals The Implication of Reticulons (RTNs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4630
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽  
Piotr Mroczko ◽  
Maciej Dulewicz ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Reticulons (RTNs) are crucial regulatory factors in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as immune system and play pleiotropic functions. In CNS, RTNs are transmembrane proteins mediating neuroanatomical plasticity and functional recovery after central nervous system injury or diseases. Moreover, RTNs, particularly RTN4 and RTN3, are involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation processes. The crucial role of RTNs in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or other neurological conditions such as brain injury or spinal cord injury, has attracted scientific interest. Reticulons, particularly RTN-4A (Nogo-A), could provide both an understanding of early pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and be potential therapeutic targets which may offer effective treatment or inhibit disease progression. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and functions of RTNs and their potential usefulness in clinical practice as a diagnostic tool or therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Complex Response of the Chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans to Iron Availability

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kotabova ◽  
Ronald Malych ◽  
Juan José Pierella Karlusich ◽  
Elena Kazamia ◽  
Meri Eichner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Iron Availability ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

ABSTRACT The productivity of the ocean is largely dependent on iron availability, and marine phytoplankton have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to cope with chronically low iron levels in vast regions of the open ocean. By analyzing the metabarcoding data generated from the Tara Oceans expedition, we determined how the global distribution of the model marine chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans varies across regions with different iron concentrations. We performed a comprehensive proteomics analysis of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the adaptation of B. natans to iron scarcity and report on the temporal response of cells to iron enrichment. Our results highlight the role of phytotransferrin in iron homeostasis and indicate the involvement of CREG1 protein in the response to iron availability. Analysis of the Tara Oceans metagenomes and metatranscriptomes also points to a similar role for CREG1, which is found to be widely distributed among marine plankton but to show a strong bias in gene and transcript abundance toward iron-deficient regions. Our analyses allowed us to define a new subfamily of the CobW domain-containing COG0523 putative metal chaperones which are involved in iron metabolism and are restricted to only a few phytoplankton lineages in addition to B. natans. At the physiological level, we elucidated the mechanisms allowing a fast recovery of PSII photochemistry after resupply of iron. Collectively, our study demonstrates that B. natans is well adapted to dynamically respond to a changing iron environment and suggests that CREG1 and COG0523 are important components of iron homeostasis in B. natans and other phytoplankton. IMPORTANCE Despite low iron availability in the ocean, marine phytoplankton require considerable amounts of iron for their growth and proliferation. While there is a constantly growing knowledge of iron uptake and its role in the cellular processes of the most abundant marine photosynthetic groups, there are still largely overlooked branches of the eukaryotic tree of life, such as the chlorarachniophytes. In the present work, we focused on the model chlorarachniophyte Bigelowiella natans, integrating physiological and proteomic analyses in culture conditions with the mining of omics data generated by the Tara Oceans expedition. We provide unique insight into the complex responses of B. natans to iron availability, including novel links to iron metabolism conserved in other phytoplankton lineages.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT IRON HOMEOSTASIS IN THE HUMAN BODY

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Alim Maratovich Aliyev ◽  
◽  
Nikolay Mikhailovich Vladimirov ◽  
Tatiana Nikolaevna Sokolova ◽  
Yulia Amanzholovna Petrovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
New Research

Iron is a necessary element for all living organisms, since it is part of the functional groups of oxygentransporting proteins and enzymes that catalyze energy generation reactions and metabolic processes. New research in the fi eld of iron homeostasis has allowed to learn in more detail the molecular mechanisms of absorption, export, transport, storage, recycling of iron, the mechanisms of regulation of iron metabolism in mammals at the cellular and systemic level are disclosed in detail. This article summarizes modern scientifi c data on iron homeostasis at all stages, from absorption to recycling

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN NEURODEGENERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Maxim Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

Cognitive functions and their disorders in patients with neurodegenerative diseases are an urgent problem of modern neurology. Such functions include memory, attention, praxis, gnosis, language, thinking, control functions. The study of the neuropsychological profile allows a more accurate picture of the involvement in the pathological process of various brain structures and thus facilitate the differential diagnosis. The aim of the research: on the basis of studying of cognitive features of patients with neurodegenerative (demyelinating) pathology to consider possibilities of their psychoneurological adaptation. Materials and methods. The survey data of 104 patients with remitting type of multiple sclerosis, who were treated at the state institution “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Addiction of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” are presented. To study the disorders of verbal memory, the method of A. R. Luria “Memorization of 10 words” was used, which allows to estimate such parameters as the amount of direct memory and the strength of delayed memory (i.e. indicators of short-term and long-term memory). The Schulte Table method was used to study arbitrary attention disorders. This technique allows you to evaluate such characteristics of random attention as volume, functions of concentration distribution and switching of attention. Results. The data obtained indicate that, depending on the severity of relapses, there are significant differences in the course of mnestic processes. It was found that in severe variants of remissions in women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) more pronounced than in men, there is a lack of ability to work and exhaustion. Conclusions. It is concluded that the assessment of cognitive deficit out of connection with personal characteristics and emotional and volitional disorders significantly reduces the informativeness and ability to correct cognitive dysfunction. Timely detection of cognitive and emotional-personal changes can not only improve the quality of life of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, but also act as an independent part of the psychoneurological model of adaptation of this category of patients.

scholarly journals Amyloidosis of the central nervous system: common features of various diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2 (99)) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Serhii Silonov ◽  
Ivan Zinych
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Misfolding Diseases

The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the pathological process is an essential condition for the effective therapy and prevention of the disease. During the last decades the medical and social problems caused by so-called misfolding diseases were becoming acute increasingly. Among such diseases a special place belongs to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Creutzfeldtd — Jakob’s diseases, which are related to the amyloidosis of the central nervous system. All of them are characterized by progressive and irreversible degeneration of brain tissue, which is associated with the deposition of β-structured protein aggregates and the death of nerve cells. Scientifi c achievements of the recent years reveal the general features of the mechanisms of formation and course of these diseases, substantiate the provision on the formation of the embryo of protein aggregation as a key process that leads the course of the disease to a qualitatively new, irreversibly progressive level. Key words: central nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases, protein misfolding, amyloidosis

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