MÜASİR ŞƏRAİTDƏ AZƏRBAYCANIN VALYUTA SİYASƏTİNİN TƏKMİLLƏŞDİRİLMƏSİ VƏZİFƏLƏRİ VƏ İSTİQAMƏTLƏRİ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (05) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Kamil Sayavush Demirli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Gas Balance

Key words: monetary policy, commodity trade foreign exchange reserves, balance of payments, oil and gas, balance, transportation, transit service, international, capital, perspective

Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserves: History, Definition, Composition and Modern Functions

2015 ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Narkevich
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The article deals with the concept of gold and foreign exchange reserves and the role they play in the present-day economy. Recently the stock of foreign exchange reserves accumulated across the world has grown substantially. In many cases it was connected with the functions they play in the current monetary policy. Possibilities to use such reserves to counter balance of payments shocks or for achieving export-oriented growth make them an important macroeconomic stability tool.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness and Sustainability of the Sterilization Policy in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Ping Chung ◽  
Jen-Te Hwang ◽  
Chieh-Hsuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Monetary Authority ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

The aim of this paper is to examine the sterilization policy in China. First, several indices are used to measure the status of China’s markets and to determine effectiveness and sustainability of the sterilization policy and the possible impacts it may have induced. Second, within a microeconomic framework, we incorporate the housing price variable into the target loss function of the monetary authority to explore its financial capabilities and evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of China’s sterilization policy. The empirical results show that Chinese monetary authorities sterilize almost all of the effects of international capital inflows and increase foreign exchange reserves on the monetary base. That is, increased capital mobility does not sabotage the independence of the Chinese monetary policy. Nevertheless, analyses of the sustainability of sterilization policy indicate that the sustainability of the monetary sterilization policy has been seriously challenged since March 2008, which suggests that Chinese monetary authority has endured tremendous pressure for unsustainable sterilization.

Intra-elite rivalries shape Algerian economic policies

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sharp Fall

Significance The statement comes against a move by Bouteflika to undercut an effort by Ouyahia to promote privatisation as part of a strategy for dealing with the sharp fall in oil and gas revenue, which has saddled the country with large fiscal and balance-of-payments deficits. Bouteflika’s intervention took the form of a decree stating that his office must have the final say on the sale of any state asset. It was issued within days of Ouyahia announcing a new privatisation policy. Impacts There is a risk that the combination of supply restrictions and loose monetary policy will drive up inflation. The import ban will attract foreign investors to import substitution projects, but they will be loath to put in much capital and technology. Checking Ouyahia’s ambitions is an important element in the plans for Bouteflika’s circle to prolong their grip on power.

scholarly journals Role of Oil Prices in Exchange Rate Devaluation: Risks of the Russian Ruble and Other Currencies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Didenko ◽  
N. I. Morozko ◽  
N. I. Morozko
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Foreign Exchange Market ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
The Exchange Rate

Subject and topic. Currently, the decrease in payments on foreign debts and a decrease in imports have an impact on the demand in the foreign exchange market. As a result, a situation has arisen due to the actions of the Bank of Russia, caused by threats of sanctions that provoked the absence of excessive demand and adequate supply in the foreign exchange market and led to a decrease in ruble exchange rate fl uctuations due to oil price movements.The subject of research is to determine the role of oil prices in the formation of monetary policy, which can be a key driver of economic growth.Objective. Identifi cation of exchange rate management practices with the search for the relationship between the current account of the balance of payments and the volatility of the national currency exchange rate.Research methods, the main provisions. Methods used grouping, comparing and summarizing economic indicators to study the characteristics and trends of the monetary policy of China, South Korea and Latin American countries.A critical analysis of the various points of view of leading scientists on the negative or positive impact of the exchange rate on the development of the economy was carried out. At the same time, it is interesting to analyze the views of individual economists that the dependence of the ruble exchange rate on oil prices has recently largely decreased.The main results of the study. Determination of the theoretical relationship between the price of oil and the exchange rate, based on the shock component, either in oil prices or in the exchange rate, with testing the response of the economic variable to this shock.Main conclusions. It was concluded that in the conditions of the economic situation of the last decade, the main problem of export-oriented and import-oriented countries is the imbalance of the current account of the balance of payments, as well as its relationship, primarily with the prices of export goods.

To devalue or not to devalue?

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-279
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Currency Crises ◽  
Flexible Exchange Rate ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
East European ◽  
Domestic Prices

If there is a negative terms of trade or financial shock leading to the deterioration in the balance of payments, there are two basic options for a country that has limited foreign exchange reserves. First, a country can maintain a fixed exchange rate (or even a currency board) and wait until the reduction of foreign exchange reserves leads to the reduction of money supply: this will drive domestic prices down and stimulate exports, raise interest rates and stimulate the inflow of capital, and finally will correct the balance of payments. Second, the country can allow the devaluation of national currency — flexible exchange rate will automatically bring the balance of payments back into the equilibrium. Because national prices are less flexible than exchange rates, the first type of adjustment is associated with the greater reduction of output.The empirical evidence on East European countries and other transition economies for the 1998–99 period (outflow of capital after the 1997 Asian and 1998 Russian currency crises and slowdown of output growth rates) suggests that the second type of policy response (devaluation) was associated with smaller loss of output than the first type (monetary contraction). The 2008–09 developments provide additional evidence for this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Analisis Neraca Perdagangan Terhadap Cadangan Devisa di Indonesia (1975-2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Khalwat Asyaria, Risanda A. Budiantoro, Sri Herianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Oil Gas

Foreign exchange reserves are assets of a central bank that are stored in foreign currencies such as dollars, euros, yen and are used for international trade and funding the country's economy. The size of the country's foreign exchange reserves depends on the strength of its exports and imports both oil and gas and non-oil and gas. Regarding the purpose of this study to analyze the allocation of oil and gas and non-oil gas trade to the volatility of foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia, 1975-2016. This study used secondary data from the Badan Pusat Statistik and World Bank reports using quantitative analysis (multiple linear regression test). The results of the study show that non-oil exports and imports have a significant negative effect on the volatility of foreign exchange reserves. While for oil and gas exports and imports it has a negative and insignificant effect.

scholarly journals Impact Non-Oil and Gas Exports and Oil and Gas Exports on The Position of Indonesia Foreign Exchange Reserves

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Pudji Djatmiko ◽  
Nugroho SBM
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Independent Variables

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Non-Oil and Gas Exports and Oil and Gas Exports on the Position of Indonesian Foreign Exchange Reserves partially in the period 1996 to 2017 which employs 22 data annually using SPSS 24. The dependent variable in this study is Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, while the independent variables are non-oil and gas exports and oil and gas exports. To see the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, the researcher did multiple linier regression analysis. Based on the results of this research, it is known that partially non-oil and gas export and oil and gas export have a positive and significant impact on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves.  

The Influence of Oil and Gas Exports on Russia’s Monetary Policy

2013 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kudrin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

The article studies the problems of implementing monetary policy in the environment of a significant inflow of foreign currency revenues from exports of commodities into the country. It shows that in the conditions of strong balance of payments the Central Bank is forced to accept either the appreciation of the ruble or inflation. Only the government of Russia has at its disposal a powerful tool that allows both to prevent the appreciation of the local currency and to contain inflation at the same time. This dual task is solved by means of saving some part of oil and gas revenues in reserve funds during favorable situations on foreign markets. Such a policy lays the foundation for macroeconomic stability and ensures investment attractiveness of the Russian economy.

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