scholarly journals Radiation Therapy to the Whole Brain and Spine, Followed by an Extra Dose of Radiation to the Back of the Brain

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-341
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gobato ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cancer In Children

Medulloblastoma is a rare but devastating brain cancer in children. The cancer can spread through the spinal fluid and deposit elsewhere in the brain or spine. Radiation therapy to the whole brain and spine, followed by an extra dose of radiation to the back of the brain, prevented this spread and became the standard of care. However, radiation used to treat such tumors causes damage to the brain and impairs cognitive function. It affects, especially in young patients whose brains are growing. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues; Tumors; Prevention; Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening, Treatment; Management

scholarly journals Pediatric Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 315-352
Author(s):  
Elena Locci ◽  
Silvia Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Keywords Cancer ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cancer In Children

Meduloblastoma is a rare but devastating brain cancer in children. The cancer can spread through the spinal fluid and deposit elsewhere in the brain or spine. Radiation therapy to the whole brain and spine, followed by an extra dose of radiation to the back of the brain, prevented this spread and became the standard of care. However, radiation used to treat such tumors causes damage to the brain and impairs cognitive function. It affects, especially in young patients whose brains are growing. Keywords: Cancer; Cells; Tissues, Tumors; Prevention, Prognosis; Diagnosis; Imaging; Screening; Treatment; Management

Targeting Brain Cancer Cells by Nanorobot, a Promising Nanovehicle: New Challenges and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Kishore ◽  
Priyanka Bhadra
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Matrix Cell ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brain Tumor Diagnosis ◽  
The Brain

: Advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine have resulted in the development of novel diagnosis and potential treatment for different types of diseases, including brain cancer. Nanomaterials are smaller in size, having a higher area to volume ratio, and can be conjugated with other molecules. Nanomaterials are excellent transport vehicles that can easily cross the extracellular matrix, cell membrane, and by crossing the blood-brain barrier they can deliver the drugs to the remote and inaccessible internal parts of the brain. A nanorobot is a device that ranges in size from 0.1-10 micrometer and resembles in size to a red blood cell. Nanorobot is a smart robot that can patrol the bloodstream, recognize the specific target, and can release a tiny but deadly cargo of drugs or nanoparticles to kill the cancer cells. With the multidisciplinary approach of biotechnology, molecular biology, electronics, bioinformatics-based computer simulation, and molecular medicine, a self-sufficient nanodevice can be developed for brain tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review article discusses the current applications and future promises of nanorobots in brain cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of Radiosurgery Alone vs Radiosurgery With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients With 1 to 3 Brain Metastases

JAMA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 316 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Brown ◽  
Kurt Jaeckle ◽  
Karla V. Ballman ◽  
Elana Farace ◽  
Jane H. Cerhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Whole Brain Radiation Therapy ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Whole Brain Radiation ◽  
Brain Radiation

Evaluation of clinical markup with CT simulation in whole brain radiation therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2043-2043
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
N. Makhani ◽  
M. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Whole Brain Radiation Therapy ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Whole Brain Radiation ◽  
Ct Simulation ◽  
Brain Radiation ◽  
The Brain

2043 Background: Two types of clinical markup have been used for whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), but the extent of dose coverage and sparing of the lens is unknown. This study is designed to evaluate clinical markup with CT simulation. Methods: CT simulation images of the brain from 20 random adult patients were included in this study. Two types of inferior field borders were generated to mimic the 2 types of clinical markup of WBRT: from superior orbital ridge (SOR) to tragus, and from SOR to inferior tragal notch (ITN). A field margin of 1 cm from contoured brain (along base of skull) was used in CT simulation, except near the orbital globe where 0.5 cm margin to eye shielding was used. Two opposed lateral fields with 6 MV photon were used to generate 3 WBRT plans in each patient: clinical markup with SOR to tragus, SOR to ITN, and CT simulation. Dose volume histograms of the brain and lens were generated. The primary end point was dose coverage of whole brain with clinical markup. The secondary end point was sparing of the lens. Results: Patients with clinical markup using SOR to tragus or SOR to ITN had significantly larger median brain volume receiving less than 95% of the prescribed dose, 37.0 mL and 7.8 mL (respectively) compared to CT simulation 0 mL (P < 0.001). All patients with SOR to tragus and most patients (95%) with SOR to ITN clinical markup had underdosing in the regions of inferior frontal lobe, temporal lobe and posterior fossa. There was no significant difference in the dose to the lens between CT simulation and clinical markup using SOR to tragus (P = 0.18) or SOR to ITN (P = 0.90). Conclusions: Whole brain radiation therapy with clinical markup using either SOR to tragus or SOR to ITN results in underdosing at the inferior frontal lobe, temporal lobe and posterior fossa. Sparing of the lens is adequately achieved with clinical markup. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Results of Whole Brain Radiation Therapy in Patients with Brain Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Amichetti ◽  
Giancarlo Lay ◽  
Marina Dessì ◽  
Silvia Orrù ◽  
Roberta Farigu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Whole Brain Radiation Therapy ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Whole Brain Radiation ◽  
Brain Radiation ◽  
The Brain

Aims and background Carcinoma of the colon-rectum is an infrequent cause of brain metastases, constituting 1-5% of all metastatic lesions to the brain. We reviewed our experience in the treatment of brain metastases from colorectal cancer to define the efficacy of whole brain radiation therapy as a palliative measure in this setting of patients. Methods Twenty-three consecutive cases of brain metastasis from colorectal cancer treated between 1999 and 2004 were identified in the files of the Division of Radiotherapy of the A Businco Regional Oncological Hospital, Cagliari. Their records were reviewed for patient and tumor characteristics and categorized according to the RTOG RPA classes. Results Fifteen patients (65%) had multiple metastases. Twenty-one patients (91%) showed extracranial metastases. Fourteen patients were classified as RTOG RPA class II and 9 class III. The median radiation dose delivered was 2000 cGy in 5 fractions in one week (range, 20-36 Gy). In 14 of 20 assessable patients (70%), symptomatic improvement was observed. The median follow-up and survival time for all the patients, 12 females and 11 males, was 3 months. In 3 patients only the cause of death was the brain metastasis. Conclusions Despite the disappointing survival time, external radiation therapy to the whole brain proved to be an efficacious palliative treatment for patients with multiple or inoperable brain metastasis from colorectal cancer.

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