Development of dairy productions in the regions of Ukraine: raw material aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Olena Lyakhovska

The production of milk and dairy products is a significant segment of the domestic food industry with a share of 14% in its structure. During 2014-2019, the volume of dairy production in Ukraine decreased by 15.68%, which caused the loss of 5 positions in the world ranking by this indicator. The purpose of the article is to determine the development potential of dairy production in Ukraine in the regional context based on the raw material supply. According to the results of the research, higher efficiency of agricultural enterprises (the share of which in the structure of raw milk production in Ukraine was less than 30%) as compared to households was found. Comparative estimates show that the regional structure of dairy products is more geographically concentrated than the structure of raw milk production. According to the results of grouping of regions of Ukraine by the volume of production of raw milk and its industrial processing products, only four regions had high complex potential in this segment in 2019, two – milk processing potential, six – raw milk potential, while the potential of the remaining 12 regions was insignificant. The transformation of commodity and geographic structures of export-import operations with dairy products in Ukraine was investigated. The main problems of the dairy processing segment of the domestic food industry were identified, namely: insufficient potential and poor quality of the raw material base for industrial dairy processing; interaction imbalance between suppliers of raw milk and industrial producers; the presence of a shadow segment and a high degree of falsification in the domestic dairy market; etc. A number of mechanisms were proposed to further enhance the dairy sector development in Ukraine. The basic directions of state support for agricultural enterprises producing raw milk and industrial enterprises producing dairy products were outlined.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
B.K. NASSYRKHANOVA ◽  
◽  
A.S. BELGIBAYEVA ◽  

Recommendations for solving the problems of sustainable development of milk and dairy products market in the region are based on the study of its current state and promising directions. The dynamics of production of milk and its processing products, export and import, livestock and productivity of cows is analyzed. The contribution of various categories of farms to the receipt of raw milk has been studied, while the lag in milk yield in farms and households from agricultural enterprises has been revealed. The analysis of expenses in agricultural enterprises is presented, as well as the structure of material costs. The main problems of effective development of the industry of dairy cattle breeding include tendency to reduce the area under fodder crops; a weak feed base and increase in feed prices, which leads to the increase in the cost of milk; reduction in the number of dairy cows; small commodity farms, that is, the concentration of main volumes of milk production in households where the introduction of intensive innovative technologies is difficult; seasonality of the process; non-observance of veterinary and sanitary standards. The regional features of location of dairy processing enterprises have been investigated, confirming the close relationship between the development of the dairy industry and the raw material base. Those of them have been identified, which account for the largest share in production of the range of dairy products. The organizational structure of the milk processing enterprise "Gormolzavod" LLP was studied, the calculation of butter was made using its own raw materials. The competitive advantages of the processing enterprises of the region are revealed.


Author(s):  
Zharikova O. ◽  
Pashchenko O.

This article reveals the essence of financial and economic activity of agribusiness according to international standards. The activity of small enterprises, which produce 60-80% of GDP and employ about 70% of the working population, are the main producers in many countries, and it is proved that small business contributes to a fair competitive market by producing a wide range of high quality goods and services. Its importance in the agricultural sector requires the attention of public authorities, as well as scientific and public organizations. According to the financial and economic analysis, it is proved that small farms must be provided with the necessary socio-economic conditions for commodity production. Thus, small businesses need to create dairy farms in the livestock sector, and their activities must meet the requirements of European standards, comply with environmental standards and safety of dairy consumption. Despite the fact that the share of households was 76% of all categories of farms in total milk production, its production requires capital investment in Ukraine. Cooperation is an important way to increase the efficiency of small farms. Service cooperatives can organize the sale and processing of products, provide the farm with feed, equipment and advanced technologies, which will help increase the productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the service cooperative. As a result of the study, it was found that in terms of efficiency and quality, large agricultural enterprises are of great importance in milk production. However, public policy should promote milk production in households and small farms, as they concentrate almost 76% of milk production. Based on the study, we can conclude that currently the problem of the economy is to provide competitive and high-quality marketable dairy products and obtain a large amount of raw milk, and for this it is necessary to keep highly productive breeds of animals, introduce high-performance equipment and new production technologies. milk and quality control of raw milk at all stages of its production and sale to dairy enterprises. It is not possible for households and small farms to carry out these measures on their own. This is possible through the cooperation of small businesses, which will promote the production of quality dairy products, increase productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the cooperative, as well as government support.Keywords: agricultural enterprises, households, farms, milk production, production competitiveness, servicing cooperatives. У даній статті розкрито сутність фінансово-економічної діяльності агробізнесу за міжнародними стандартами. На основі власних досліджень практично та теоретично обгрунтовано діяльність малих підприємств, що виробляють 60-80% ВВП і зайняті близько 70% працездатного населення, є основними виробниками в багатьох країнах, а також доведено, що малий бізнес сприяє формуванню справедливого конкурентного ринку, виробляючи широкий асортимент високоякісних товарів та послуг. Його значення в аграрному секторі вимагає уваги державних органів влади, а також наукових та громадських організацій. За здійсненим фінансово-економічним аналізом доведено, що маленькі фермерські господарства повинні бути забезпечені необхідними соціально-економічними умовами для товарного виробництва. Охарактеризовано, малому бізнесу потрібно створити молочні ферми у галузі тваринництва, а їх діяльність повинна відповідати вимогам європейських стандартів, дотримуватися норм щодо охорони навколишнього середовища та безпеки споживання молочних продуктів. Незважаючи на те, що частка домогосподарств становила 76% усіх категорій ферм у загальному виробництві молока, його виробництво вимагає капітальних вкладень в Україну. Співпраця є важливим способом підвищення ефективності діяльності малих фермерських господарств. Обслуговуючі кооперативи можуть організовувати збут та переробку продукції, забезпечувати ферму кормами, технічними засобами та передовими технологіями, що допоможе підвищити продуктивність та економічну ефективність кожного члена обслуговуючого кооперативу. В результаті проведеного дослідження виявлено, що з точки зору ефективності та якості, великі аграрні підприємства мають велике значення у виробництві молока. Однак державна політика повинна сприяти виробництву молока в домашніх господарствах та невеликих фермерських господарствах, оскільки вони концентрують майже 76% виробництва молока. На основі проведених розрахунків доведено, що в даний час проблема економіки полягає у забезпеченні конкурентоспроможної та якісної товарної молочної продукції та отриманні великої кількості молочної сировини, а для цього необхідно утримувати високопродуктивні породи тварин, впроваджувати високопродуктивні технічні засоби та нові технології виробництва, зберігання сирого молока та контролю якості молочного сировини на всіх етапах його виробництва та реалізації молочним підприємствам. Встановлено, що до-могосподарствам та дрібним фермерським господарствам неможливо здійснити ці заходи самостійно, лише можливо завдяки співпраці малих підприємств, що сприятиме виробництву якісної молочної продукції, підвищенню продуктивності та економічної ефективності кожного члена кооперативу, а також державній підтримці. Ключові слова: аграрні підприємства, домогосподарства, ферми, виробництво молока, конкурентоспроможність виробництва, обслуговування кооперативів.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4(77)) ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
O.V. NIKISHYNA ◽  
M.L. TARAKANOV

Topicality. The task of improving the efficiency of the dairy market, as one of the strategic markets of Ukraine, necessitates solving many problems of its development, in particular, reducing the raw material base, unbalancing relations between entities, reducing the quality of dairy products, increasing imports and more. The main direction of solving the problems is to ensure equal conditions for the participation of small and medium producers in the reproduction process by creating multifunctional dairy cooperatives with a complete cycle of dairy products. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the components of the organizational and economic mechanism of formation of reproduction logistics of the dairy market, focused on ensuring equal conditions for the movement of dairy products between small, medium and large market participants on the basis of priority state support for multifunctional dairy cooperatives with the completed reproduction cycle of product traffic. During the research the following methods were used: dialectical, theoretical generalization and comparison, graphical, structural-logical method. Research results. Ensuring equal conditions for the participation of small and medium-sized producers in the reproduction process of the market is possible only through the in-depth transformation of existing mechanisms and organizational and legal forms of milk production on the basis of their priority state support. The proposed structural model of multifunctional dairy cooperatives compared to the traditional structure of existing cooperatives provides for the presence of its own raw material base for milk production, its own processing facilities, its own distribution channels and sales of finished dairy products through the cooperative retail network. Conclusion. The introduction of the proposed number of levers and tools for the formation of multifunctional dairy cooperatives involves improving the institutional support of this process. This necessitates the priority development of relevant laws and regulations that will help improve the efficiency of small and medium-sized dairy markets. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the theoretical substantiation of the organizational and economic mechanism of formation of reproduction logistics of the dairy market of Ukraine, the development of a differentiated approach to supporting the raw materials of the dairy market depending on the level of dairy farming in the regional dimension. The applied significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of their use by different institutions in the process of substantiation of measures and tools of dairy market regulation at the national, regional and local levels.


Author(s):  
Alla Solomon ◽  
Yurii Polievoda ◽  
Mariana Bondar

The safety of milk and dairy products as a whole can be determined by a comprehensive indicator - animal health. Thus, in accordance with modern international requirements, the farm where raw milk is produced for the production of dairy products must: comply with the rules of hygiene and veterinary sanitation; meet the requirements of good manufacturing practice; carry out identification and registration of animals; ensure proper documentation on the receipt of feed, hygiene and sanitation of medicines; to monitor in the pre-fermer laboratory the quality and safety of milk; compulsory registration of feeds coming from animals because of the feed that can cause human health hazardous substances (hormones, antibiotics, etc.); record veterinary medicinal products used for the treatment of animals; to record the occurrence of those diseases in animals that threaten the safety of milk. EU standards require strict compliance with food safety and quality requirements. The country, which cannot keep track of all stages of production, is closed to the European market. The analysis of quality indicators of milk received for processing is made. It has been established that milk from households has low quality indicators. Higher- and first-grade milk comes from agricultural enterprises. Milk quality means its high hygienic performance, the content of a certain amount of protein, fat, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, mineral salts and other substances. It should not contain any neutralizing substances (antibiotics, soda, hydrogen peroxide). The content of heavy metals, pesticide residues should not exceed the maximum permissible level. Therefore, the safety of raw materials is a guarantee of the safety of finished products in the domestic market and its competitiveness in foreign markets.


Author(s):  
Yu. V. Lykholat ◽  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
T. Yu. Lykholat ◽  
M. I. Nedzvetska ◽  
O. A. Lykholat ◽  
...  

The introduction of fruit plants into a culture enriches the diversity of the species composition of the regional flora and at the same time creates an opportunity for expansion of the plant raw material base for the needs of the food industry, inclusion in a full-fledged functional nutrition of the population. Among the fruit plants of the Dniprovsk region, every year, more attention should be paid to introduced low-frequency non-traditional fruit species, in which the fruits, leaves, stems and other parts have high nutritional value and are the source of physiologically active compounds that have anti-cancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, carry cardio protective, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic effects, stimulate the central nervous system, etc., and can contribute to the prevention and treatment of many diseases.   Antioxidants additives in the raw materials and finished products ensures their prevention damage, reduce losses, increase shelf life and production of high quality products which keep for a long time characteristics inherent fresh, complete products. Preservation, restoration and introduction to the culture of any species depends primarily on its ability to multiply seed and vegetative methods. A comparative analysis of the fruit and seed ability of Berberis L. representatives grown in the botanical garden of Oles Gonchar’  Dniprovsky National University was carried out. The use of integrated research methods made it possible to carry out an integrated assessment of the regenerative capacity of the investigated representatives of the Berberis L. and to establish their biological ability to seed propagation depending on the seed quality of the seeds. The seeds length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), width was from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgares) to 2.1 mm ( B. coreana). The weight of 1000 seeds, which, depending on their size and completeness, amounted to an average of 10.16 grams. Largest weight 1000 pcs. seed is marked in B. coreana. As a result of the total antioxidant ability of the fruits, the species examined can be arranged in the following order:  B. koreana > B. x declinata > B. vulgaris > B. amurensis > B. canadensis. When comparing total antioxidant capacity level of the plants, the highest indices were characteristic for B. koreana and B. x declinata fruits, which exceeded the values of other species in 1.7-1.9 times. The relatively low antioxidants concentration in B. amurensis fruits is offset by a greater weight of the fruits of this species.  In order to enrich the range of ornamental and fruit plants, it is expedient to introduce into production of new crops and to expand the species diversity of Berberis L. representatives. Barberry reproduction process depends on many factors related to the environment. All investigated representatives of the Berberis L. are promising for further use in the planting system and as fruit plants that can be included in the functional nutrition of the population and use in the food industry in the conditions of the Steppe Prydniprovya.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Yemtsev ◽  
◽  
N. M. Slobodyanyuk ◽  

Permanent crises in the Ukrainian economy, the devaluation of the hryvnia, decline in household income and purchasing power, increased competition in the global market, as well as the continuous rise in world prices for food and non-food items have created new realities for enterprise functioning in the dairy subcomplex of Ukrainian agro-industrial complex and cause its transformation. World milk production and consumption are increasing. However, there are opposite trends in Ukraine: in 1990, the country produced 24.5 million tons of milk and was the 6th in the world ranking of milk producing countries, in 2020 – 9.3 million tons and the 22nd place, respectively. Therefore, the study of the reasons for the existence of these trends is very relevant. The research was based on the following methods: qualitative analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical analysis, comparisons, analytical and logical generalizations, etc. At the beginning of 2021, the total number of cattle in Ukraine amounted to 2.874 million and over the past 10 years, this number has decreased by 1.952 million, including cows – by 0.958 million. Milk production remains a small-scale branch. In 2020, 9.263 million tons of milk were produced (17.66% less than in 2010). Of these, 29.8% – in agricultural enterprises and 70.2% – in private households. However, the sanitary quality control of milk is carried out only in 14.8% of private households, therefore, in 2020, the main milk supplier for processing were agricultural enterprises, which supplied 77.2% of the total amount of milk delivered for processing, thus ensuring an increase in quality and safety of milk obtained by processing enterprises. A significant reduction in the volume of milk supplies for processing led to a decrease in the number of processing enterprises by 69.14% in 2020 compared to 1990. The main factors of transformation of the dairy subcomplex of Ukraine include declining cow population, insufficient quality of raw milk and its non-compliance with the EU regulations and standards, low technological level of milk production, insufficient quality control of raw materials, lack of modern equipment, high capital and labor intensity of production processes, rising prices for energy and other resources, lower consumption of dairy products due to low purchasing ability, increased competition in global and domestic dairy markets, etc. Possible directions of small-scale milk producers’ integration need further research.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawu Dai ◽  
Xiuqing Wang

Purpose – Complaints about lower agricultural farm-gate price and higher consumer price have emerged in China in recent years. The large gap between dairy farm-gate price and consumer price gives rise to worries that China's dairy industry is characterized by strong degree of oligopoly. The purpose of this paper is to take the dairy processing industry as an epitome of China's food industry, and use a new approach to investigate whether it is oligopolistic and/or oligopsonistic. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a new proposed Primal-Dual Solow Residual model, the authors first test the hypothesis that there are significant oligopoly and oligopsony powers in China's dairy sector, and the latter is stronger. The authors then turn to measure these two kinds of market power using regressions of the model. Findings – The estimation results show that firms in the sector have both strong oligopoly and oligopsony power, but the latter is stronger than the former. Meanwhile, with the continuous reinforcement of competition in China's dairy sector, market power in both the upstream and downstream has decreased slightly. Originality/value – This paper is the first to simultaneously test oligopoly and oligopsony power in China's dairy sector. The empirical results explicitly imply that more attention should be paid to the raw milk purchase market.


Author(s):  
K. A. Kanina ◽  
O. N. Krasulya ◽  
N. A. Zhizhin ◽  
E. S. Semenova

The article presents the results of studies obtained in the study of the quality of milk processed with the use of high-frequency acoustic cavitation and dairy products produced with its use. The research was carried out with the use of General scientific and special research methods in the laboratory of the Department of technology of storage and processing of animal products of the K. A. Timiryazev and in the accredited laboratory of technochemical control of the all-Russian research Institute of dairy industry. It is shown that the treatment of cow's milk-raw materials high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations (above 45 kHz), the generated electric ultrasonic device immersion type pulse impact ouzo "Activator-150", the number of bacteria of group of intestinal sticks (coliforms) decreased by almost 40%, which allows to make a conclusion about the appropriateness of the selected method of exposure for the destruction of microorganisms E. coli and coliform bacteria. Processed, using high-frequency acoustic cavitation, cow's milk was used for the production of brine cheese-cheese. It is shown that cheese cheese had a high nutritional value, which is due to the preservation of essential substances in the raw material (in particular, calcium, which in the production of cheese cheese precipitates if pasteurized milk is used), elastic consistency, safety of consumer characteristics - microbiological and physico-chemical.


Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
E. A. Yurova ◽  
N. A. Zhizhin ◽  
S. A. Filchakova

Received in revised 08.08.2020 Methods based on the analysis of proteins and DNA molecules are more and more used to assess the composition of food products. Proteins research methods include immunological, electrophoretic and chromatographic ones. The analysis of DNA molecules is most often used to identify the species affiliation of food components. This is due to the stability of their structure compared to proteins, as well as their presence in most biological tissues. The results of studies evaluating methodological approaches for the application of the PCR diagnostic method to identify the composition of food products and the possibility of their use for monitoring dairy products have been shown. The objects of research were samples of cow, goat, sheep milk, as well as milk samples of different animal species mixed in various ratios. DNA was extracted from milk samples according to a unified technique for the separation of DNA molecules in milk and dairy products. The work also considers the possibility of using the PCR diagnostic method to identify the raw material origin of the product. To evaluate the measurement methods, artificially created samples of raw milk were used, which were cow, goat and sheep milk, a mix of three types of milk in different ratios. As a result of the research, the main method has been chosen as the real time PCR method, which has reliability, high sensitivity, sufficient rapidity, with the possibility of using it for dairy multicomponent products with a complex structural matrix, as well as products that have undergone deep technological processing.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Marat Mirsayafovich Galeev ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Baleevskikh

The article describes the development trends of the modern poultry product subcomplex as a raw material base for food industry and state export activity. Import substitution and increasing export volumes are a priority for the federal and regional development policies of Russia. In this regard, the aim of the study was to analyze the current state of food industry in the context of policy implementation of import substitution and export development. The achievement of the set goal was disclosed by solving several interrelated tasks: 1) analysis of resources of food products (eggs and egg products) and their use; 2) identification of a hidden correlation between indicators “production” and “import”; 3) identification of a hidden correlation between indicators “production” and “export”. We hypothesized that indicators “production” and “export” of agri-food are directly correlated. Studies to identify hidden correlation dependencies have shown that there is a direct correlation between indicators “production” and “import”. Indicators “production” and “export” don’t have dependencies and influence on each other, therefore an increase in production doesn’t affect the direct export of eggs from the country.


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