scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Cigarette Butts as a Trigger on Smoldering Combustion Propagation of Peat; Case Study on Pelelawan Peat

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Awaludin Martin ◽  
◽  
Yogi Wibowo Agusta ◽  
Pither Palamba ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Peat Sample ◽  
Smoldering Combustion ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Peat Fires

Peatland fires are a problem every year in Indonesia especially in Sumatera Island. In Riau during the dry season, there will be peatland fires that are difficult to extinguish. There are several reasons for peatland fires and this study will analyze whether cigarette butts can cause peat fires or not. In this research peat sample was dried at 35-45°C and at temperature at 115°C to reduce water content in peat samples. Cigarette butts as a trigger were prepared with a length of 30 mm and tested on a bomb calorimeter to determine their calorific values. The cigarette butts with the highest HHV (High Heating Value) were used and burned on the surface of the peat sample by adding airflow to the sample with varying flow rates. The fastest of smoldering combustion propagation velocity was obtained 785 mm/hour for vertical direction and 1336 mm/hour for horizontal direction with speed of airflow of 5 m/s. The highest temperature was obtained in the experiment of 902°C with the speed of airflow of 5 m/s.

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewable Alternatives to Coal, Based on Their High Heating Value and Global Warming Potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
V. Dhivakhar ◽  
Maju Varghese ◽  
Keerthi M. S. ◽  
S. Kaviya
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
High Heating

About 40% of the Global Electricity produced is fuelled by coal. Although Coal has various advantages like good High Heating Value, easy availability etc., it also has various disadvantages. Green House Gas Released from Coal Thermal Power Plants is the single major contributor to Global warming. Coal is also nonrenewable. Hence it is important to analyze the viability of potential alternatives and reduce the usage of coal. In this assessment, various potential replacements of coal have been analyzed based on their High heating value (HHV) and their Global Warming Potential. The Global warming Potential (GWP) of the assessed fuels have been calculated by the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Factor method. Hence a direct comparison between Coal and other replacements based on their HHV and GWP has been performed.

scholarly journals Potensi Penerapan Energi Terbarukan Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Kemandirian Desa: Studi Kasus Desa Lendang Nangka Lombok Timur

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shafwan Amrullah
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating

Desa saat ini didorong menjadi desa mandiri, baik dalam bidang energi maupun ekonomi dengan mengimplementasikan energi terbarukan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian energi sebagai salah satu langkah meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi penggunaan energi terbarukan seperti Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA), dan Konversi Energi Gasifikasi di desa Lendang Nangka, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data baik dari BMKG dan pengujian secara langsung menggunakan alat Air Flow Anemometer GM8902 untuk mengetahui kecepatan angin dan DIGITAL TECHNOMETER LX-1010B untuk mengetahui intensitas cahaya matahari. Selain itu dilakukan wawancara kepada pengusaha kecil dan menengah untuk mengetahui penggunaan energi dalam menyokong proses produksinya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi PLTB yang dapat diemplementasikan adalah PLTB sekala kecil dengan daya sekitar 23,4-632,88 kWh/turbin. Untuk potensi PLTS menghasilkan daya sebesar 410-566 kWh per meter persegi panel surya. Untuk potensi PLTA, turbin yang cocok adalah turbin ukuran kecil dengan potensi daya sekitar 0,3024-2,2194 kWh. Sedangkan untuk potensi penggunaan converter energi jenis gasifikasi dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar tidak terbarukan sekaligus menghemat biaya porduksi. Sebab, nilai High Heating Value gas sintetik yang dihasilkan 1,7 kali lebih besar daripada pembakaran langsung dengan kayu.

scholarly journals Estimation of fuel potential of faecal sludge in a water scarce city, a case study of Jaipur Urban, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-514
Author(s):  
Niharika Sharma ◽  
Sagar Gupta ◽  
Anil Dutt Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Abstract Non-sewer sanitation systems are widely implemented for treatment and management of faecal sludge (FS) and septage in developing nations. India became an open defecation free (ODF) country in 2019, with more than 90 million toilets at rural and urban level constructed to achieve this ODF status. Government of India also initiated a faecal sludge and septage management (FSSM) policy in 2017. This paper highlights the policy vision for the state of Rajasthan and predicts options for a safely managed sanitation system through exploring the fuel potential of faecal sludge generated in the city. The intended study is an attempt to valorize faecal sludge into a marketable product through determining the heat capacity of dried faecal sludge from different sources such as pit toilets, septic tanks etc. In the present work in urban Jaipur, which is already a water scarce city, various onsite sanitation systems were targeted to collect FS samples from different locations. It was observed that the FS generated has a high heating value of 13.96 MJ/kg, with total solids ranges from 7 to 9%. For a pragmatic resource recovery option, the experimental data observed is validated with a literature review.

scholarly journals Energy Recovery from Waste Tires Using Pyrolysis: Palestine as Case of Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
Mahmoud Assad ◽  
Tareq Salameh ◽  
Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating

The first industrial-scale pyrolysis plant for solid tire wastes has been installed in Jenin, northern of the West Bank in Palestine, to dispose of the enormous solid tire wastes in the north of West Bank. The disposable process is an environmentally friendly process and it converts tires into useful products, which could reduce the fuel crisis in Palestine. The gravimetric analysis of tire waste pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis plant working at the optimum conditions is: tire pyrolysis oil (TPO): 45%, pyrolysis carbon black (PCB): 35%, pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas): 10% and steel wire: 10%. These results are depending on the tire type and size. It has been found that the produced pyrolysis oil has a High Heating Value (HHV), with a range of 42 − 43   ( MJ / kg ) , which could make it useful as a replacement for conventional liquid fuels. The main disadvantage of using the TPO as fuel is its strong acrid smell and its low flash point, as compared with the other conventional liquid fuels. The produced pyrolysis carbon black also has a High Heating Value (HHV) of about 29 (MJ/kg), which could also encourage its usage as a solid fuel. Carbon black could also be used as activated carbon, printers’ ink, etc. The pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas) obtained from waste tires mainly consist of light hydrocarbons. The concentration of H2 has a range of 30% to 40% in volume and it has a high calorific value (approximately 31   MJ / m 3 ), which can meet the process requirement of energy. On the other hand, it is necessary to clean gas before the burning process to remove H2S from Pyro-Gas, and hence, reduce the acid rain problem. However, for the current plant, some recommendations should be followed for more comfortable operation and safer environment work conditions.

Producing a high heating value and weather resistant solid fuel via briquetting of blended wood residues and thermoplastics

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 119263
Author(s):  
Bing Song ◽  
Martin Cooke-Willis ◽  
Beatrix Theobald ◽  
Peter Hall
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
High Heating

scholarly journals Fast analysis of high heating value and elemental compositions of sorghum biomass using near-infrared spectroscopy

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 1353-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Michael Brady ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Jianming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fast Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Elemental Compositions ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BIOMASSAS PARA A BRIQUETAGEM

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Aleixo Silva ◽  
Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽  
João Lúcio Barros ◽  
Alessandra Luzia Da Roz ◽  
Fabio Minoru Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
High Heating

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a produção de briquetes feita a partir de quatro diferentes biomassas residuais. Foram utilizados os resíduos de serragem de Eucalyptus sp, serragem de Pinus sp, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e palha de cana-de-açúcar. Os resíduos foram tratados para que obtivessem 12% de umidade e uma granulometria inferior a 1,70 mm. Foram produzidos 15 briquetes para cada um dos quatro tratamentos. A pressão utilizada foi de 1250 kgf.cm-2 durante 30 segundos. Os briquetes obtiveram densidades que oscilaram 0,88 a 1,11 g.cm-3. Isto representou uma faixa de 5 a 14 vezes a menos de ocupação de volume para uma mesma quantidade de massa. O poder calorifico foi de 19.180 J.kg-1 e 20.315 J.kg-1 para as serragens de eucalipto e pinus respectivamente. Para o bagaço e palha de cana os valores foram de 18.541 J.kg-1 e 15.628 J.kg-1. A palha da cana-de-açúcar apresentou um teor de cinzas de 12%. As expansões dos tratamentos oscilaram 4 a 9% e as resistências mecânicas variaram de 1,215 MPa à 0,270 MPa. Todos os briquetes se mostraram resistentes para um empilhamento superior a 10 m de altura. O procedimento adotado pode ajudar a diminuir o espaço de estocagem e de transporte. AbstractThis research aims to characterize the production of briquettes from four different biomasses. We used residues such as Eucalyptus sp sawdust, Pinus sp sawdust , sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) and sugarcane straw. The residues were treated to obtain 12% moisture content and particle size less than 1.70 mm. We produced 15 briquettes for each treatment. The pressure used was 1250 kgf.cm-2 for 30 seconds. The briquettes obtained densities ranged from 0.88 to 1.11 g.cm-3. This represented a range of 5 to 14 times less volume occupancy for the same amount of mass. The high heating value (HHV) was 19,180 J.kg-1 and 20,315 J.kg-1 for eucalyptus and pine sawdust respectively. The HHV for the bagasse was 18,541 J.kg-1 and for straw was 15,628 J.kg-1. The straw presented an ash content of 12%. The expansions of the treatments ranged 4 to 9% and mechanical resistances ranging from 1,215 MPa to 0,270 MPa. All briquettes were resistant to a higher stacking to 10 m high. The methods can help to decrease the space of storage and transport.Keywords: Waste; biofuel; energy; compression; stacking.

scholarly journals USE OF CASTOR OIL PLANT PIE FOR SOLID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martucheli Amaral ◽  
Luciano Donizeti Varanda ◽  
Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽  
Pâmela Beatriz Moreira De Oliveira ◽  
Luis Ricardo Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Oil Plant

The objective of this study was the characterization, analysis and compaction of residues from castor oil plant pie extraction to verify its potential as solid biofuel. The chemical analysis, the mechanical test and the gross calorific value had satisfactory results. With the extraction of residual oil of the material there was a decrease on the high heating value. The produced briquettes presented good longitudinal expansion as well as mechanical strenght, however the presence of residual oil had influence on their strenght. In conclusion, the castor oil plant pie possesses  energetic characteristics suitable for solid biofuel production, in addition it contributes with the reduction of industrial waste amount.

scholarly journals Conversion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste into solid fuel via hydrothermal carbonization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlian Eriska ◽  
Kania Dewi ◽  
Enri Damanhuri ◽  
Ari Darmawan Pasek
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Mixture Component ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Solid Load

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is thermochemical process that can convert wet biomass into coal-like material. In this study, a series of HTC experiments was done. In the first stage targeted to obtain the process condition for mixture component. The process conditions comprised temperature, solid load, and holding time. Five typical components were used as representative pseudo-components of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Each of substrates was carried out on the prototype HTC reactor. Process condition took place tempera- ture at 190, 210 and 230 oC, with a holding time (30 and 60 minutes) and feed to water ratio (0.1, 0,2, 0.3). The result from first stage showed that the optimum process condition for mixture component were temperature 215 oC, 55 minutes, and solid load 0.16. The process conditions were applied for next stage. In the second stage, mixture component comprised 15% fruit peel, 10% food waste, 10% of office paper, 30% leaves, and 35% sawdust were used as feedstock. Model to determine process condition for mixture component and also to predict high heating value have been developed. The fuel characteristics and combustion behavior of HTC-derived hydrochars were eval- uated. Hydro-thermal carbonization of waste gave high heating value (HHV) with value of 20.24 MJ/kg higher than its raw 16.42 MJ/kg.

scholarly journals Densification and Combustion of Cherry Stones

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Dołżyńska ◽  
Sławomir Obidziński ◽  
Małgorzata Kowczyk-Sadowy ◽  
Małgorzata Krasowska
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Power Installations

The aim of the presented research was to determine the suitability of cherry stones as a solid fuel. Mixtures of cherry stones with the addition of 10%, 15%, and 20% rye bran as a binder were subjected to the pressure agglomeration process in a rotary matrix working system (170, 220, and 270 rpm). The density of pellets, their kinetic durability, and power demand of the granulator’s device for each mix were determined. The highest quality was characterized by pellets containing 20% rye bran, which were combusted in a 25 kW boiler with a retort grate. The concentration of CO, CO2, NO, SO2, HCl, and O2 in the exhaust gas was tested. On the basis of the results of combustion, high heating value (HHV), low heating value (LHV), and elemental analysis, it was found that pellets from cherry stones with the addition of rye bran can serve as a substitute for wood pellets in low-power installations.

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