ARTISTS SERVING BOTANISTS: CONFLICT AND SEARCH FOR MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING IN THE XVITH — XVIITH CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kulakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Still Life ◽  
Uniform Illumination ◽  
Active Communication ◽  
Botanical Illustrations ◽  
Xviith Century

The article explores the communication and mutual influence of botanists and artists who lived in Germany, Switzerland and Holland from the second half of the XVIth to the beginning of the XVIIth century. The choice of the areal and period of study is due to the active communication among scientists on the reform of scientific knowledge, in particular botany. The new demands of scientists, who expected artists to help them visualize the morphological features of plants, clashed with a painting tradition that changed slowly and gradually. Eventually, by the early the XVIIth century, an understanding was achieved. Botanical illustrations acquired its main artistic features: clarity of contour, minimum chiaroscuro and muted colour. At the same time, painters who worked in the genre of flower still life in Holland at the beginning of the XVIIth century were also significantly influenced by botanists. Several features appeared in the early Dutch still life: gathering of plants blooming in different months into one bouquet, collage method, composing a bouquet like a "table" of the Kunstkammer, uniform illumination, absence of space depth and crossing of objects, exotic, rare and expensive flowers, especially tulips.

scholarly journals Deconstructive approach in the presentation of botanical knowledge in educational materials for students

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12020
Author(s):  
Olga Fedotova ◽  
Vladimir Latun
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Botanical Illustrations ◽  
Science Information

The article discusses the latest trends in the field of presentation of natural science information for students, which have developed in the postmodern era. It is shown that botanical illustrations presented in postmodern alphabets do not reflect the morphological features of plants. When depicting plants, the author uses the technique of deconstructing images presented in ancient botanical atlases. Fragments of botanical illustrations are placed against the background of everyday scenes of the 19th century, including those of a fantasy nature. The structural components of the botanical educational book, its content and ironic author's comments are considered. The description of plants is pseudo-academic: the texts are surreal, they combine fiction and truth, fantasy and the specifics of the action. It is concluded that the irony of the comments does not contribute to the formation of the foundations of the natural science worldview.

E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoyevsky: social and literature connections

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Elena V. Alexandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Question ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The paper is dedicated to the relationship of E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky in the 40s and 60s of the 19th century. The work examines the writers’ sociopolitical views during the period of their participation in the circle of M. V. Petrashevsky and the meetings of S. F. Durov and A. I. Palm. Both writers being influenced by the ideas of the Petrashevtsy inevitably affected their work and, in particular, the narrator’s, the typology of heroes. The friendly relationship between E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky was to be continued within the framework of the Literary Fund activities. Kovalevsky highly appreciated Dostoevsky’s work in the Fund. Since 1860, the writer was an indispensable participant in all literary readings and performances. Consideration is given to the aspects of mutual understanding and mutual influence bringing the two artists together in solving complex issues: the attitude to Russian life, the situation and psychology of modern man in Russia and the West, the Eastern question on the example of Kovalevsky’s essay “An episode from the war of the Montenegrins with the Austrians” and chapters from “A Writer’s Diary” for July - August 1876 “Idealist-Cynics” and “Should One Be Ashamed of Being an Idealist?” by Dostoevsky. They are united by a caring attitude towards the Slavic peoples. For the first time, this paper presents the unpublished letters of Kovalevsky to Dostoevsky and the letters of Palm to Kovalevsky.

scholarly journals The Relationship between History and Epistemology in Georges Canguilhem and Gaston Bachelard

2018 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Enrico Castelli Gattinara
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Gaston Bachelard ◽  
Georges Canguilhem ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The article shows the strategic analogies, but also the differences between Bachelard and Canguilhem on the use of the history of science for epistemology. It emphasizes the importance of the ideology for Canguilhem, and the conceptual essence he recognizes in the history of science, which is read in its internal specific differences and in its complex articulations with life and reality. No concept, in fact, comes from nothing. The link between history and epistemology is not however of subjection, but of mutual influence. Canguilhem radicalizes the thought of Bachelard, and recognizes the historicity of every aspect of scientific knowledge, even of its less valued features and above all of errors. All aspects of Science are historical. The object of the history of science is not the object of the sciences, because it is always a discourse. This is why the history of science is inevitably linked to other forms of history. This opens up a pluralist conception of History and of Time, thinking of the sciences in their real body and no longer ideal or legal. Thus Canguilhem opens the way to the researches of Foucault and Serres.

scholarly journals System classification of tourismology: scientific traditions and modern calls

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Oresta Bordun ◽  
Pavlo Romaniv
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Integrative System ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Fundamental Categories

This exploratory article attempts to generalize knowledge and approaches to the understanding of tourism as integrating concepts in scientific discourse on the study and research of tourism as a phenomenon of human life. There are new requirements in the study of theoretical and applied some problems before tourism science, in particular at the level of understanding of tourism as an object of scientific knowledge. The topical theoretical task is to harmonize the understanding and interpretation of tourism science, tourismology, their parts, the improvement of the concept of the separation of object-subject and methodological foundations of scientific disciplines. To solve these and other actual problems, it is necessary to combine the efforts of various sciences and their parts, individual scientists nationally and globally. The article deals with the peculiarities of tourism as a social phenomenon, an object of scientific knowledge and research, an efficient branch of economics, a part of fundamental and applied sciences, and its structure. Each science has its own subject and object of research and is a synthesis of knowledge about the phenomena of reality that it studies. However, it certainly is in certain interrelationships with other sciences. Thus, the methodological functions of tourism and tourismology are considered, such as: integrative, system-forming, structural-functional. Approaches to understanding the essence of tourism, tourism, as the fundamental categories in the scientific sense of the main object of research – tourism are described. Particular attention is paid to the geography of tourism, its place in the system of sciences and individual disciplines, their connection between them and their mutual influence. The basic directions of tourism studies are defined: the philosophy of tourism, the history of tourism, praxeology of tourism, the geography of tourism, cultural studies of tourism. We have identified tourismology and positioned it in the classification scheme over tourism in the context of scientific substantiation and conceptualization of theoretical and practical foundations of tourism studies with all its components. Key words: tourism, tourism science, tourismology, tourism geography, classification.

Montmorillonite Dendrites

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Necip Güven ◽  
Rodney W. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Growth Front ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Dendritic Crystal ◽  
Crystal Growth Mechanism

Morphological features of montmorillonite aggregates in a large number of samples suggest that they may be formed by a dendritic crystal growth mechanism (i.e., tree-like growth by branching of a growth front).

Polymer Morphology Revealed by Staining Techniques

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
A. C. Reimschuessel ◽  
V. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Negative Staining ◽  
Polymer Morphology ◽  
Crystallizable Polymer ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Long Chain

Staining techniques can be used for either the identification of different polymers or for the differentiation of specific morphological domains within a given polymer. To reveal morphological features in nylon 6, we choose a technique based upon diffusion of the staining agent into accessible regions of the polymer.When a crystallizable polymer - such as nylon 6 - is cooled from the melt, lamellae form by chainfolding of the crystallizing long chain macromolecules. The regions between adjacent lamellae represent the less ordered amorphous domains into which stain can diffuse. In this process the lamellae will be “outlined” by the dense stain, giving rise to contrast comparable to that obtained by “negative” staining techniques.If the cooling of the polymer melt proceeds relatively slowly - as in molding operations - the lamellae are usually arranged in a radial manner. This morphology is referred to as spherulitic.

Morphologies of Nonadherent Al2O3 and Matching Substrate Surfaces

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
C. S. Giggins ◽  
J. K. Tien ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
F. S. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Oxide Spallation ◽  
Oxidation Resistant ◽  
Induced Stresses ◽  
Substrate Surfaces

The performance of most oxidation resistant alloys and coatings is markedly improved if the oxide scale strongly adheres to the substrate surface. Consequently, in order to develop alloys and coatings with improved oxidation resistance, it has become necessary to determine the conditions that lead to spallation of oxides from the surfaces of alloys. In what follows, the morphological features of nonadherent Al2O3, and the substrate surfaces from which the Al2O3 has spalled, are presented and related to oxide spallation.The Al2O3, scales were developed by oxidizing Fe-25Cr-4Al (w/o) and Ni-rich Ni3 (Al,Ta) alloys in air at 1200°C. These scales spalled from their substrates upon cooling as a result of thermally induced stresses. The scales and the alloy substrate surfaces were then examined by scanning and replication electron microscopy.The Al2O3, scales from the Fe-Cr-Al contained filamentary protrusions at the oxide-gas interface, Fig. 1(a). In addition, nodules of oxide have been developed such that cavities were formed between the oxide and the substrate, Fig. 1(a).

Etching of LLDPE and LLDPE/HDPE blends

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
M. S. Bischel ◽  
J. M. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Narrow Fraction ◽  
Potassium Permanganate Solution ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Despite its rapidly growing use in commercial applications, the morphology of LLDPE and its blends has not been thoroughly studied by microscopy techniques. As part of a study to examine the morphology of a LLDPE narrow fraction and its blends with HDPE via SEM, TEM and AFM, an appropriate etchant is required. However, no satisfactory recipes could be found in the literature. Mirabella used n-heptane, a solvent for LLDPE, as an etchant to reveal certain morphological features in the SEM, including faint banding in spherulites. A 1992 paper by Bassett included a TEM micrograph of an axialite of LLDPE, etched in a potassium permanganate solution, but no details were given.Attempts to use n-heptane, at 60°C, as an etchant were unsuccessful: depending upon thickness, samples swelled and increased in diameter by 5-10% or more within 15 minutes. Attempts to use the standard 3.5% potassium permanganate solution for HDPE were also unsuccessful: the LLDPE was severely overetched. Weaker solutions were also too severe.

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