scholarly journals The Present Global Crisis and Its Effect on the Turkish Economy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlen Hiç
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The global economic crisis first started in the USA in September 2008 as a widespread insolvency problem caused by mortgage debts of households that had become unpayable. The financial crisis, in turn, caused a serious recession. The economic crisis soon spread to other developed countries because their banks held assets of US banks that had become nearly worthless while exports of these countries to the USA decreased significantly. Then it spread to developing countries because direct private investments (DPIs) and financial funds flowing from developed to developing countries declined precipitously while exports of the latter to the former countries also fell down. The developed countries, however, took proper steps to ameliorate the crisis by lowering the interest rates, helping the insolvent banks financially as wel as launching public expenditure programmes. Turkey was one of the worst hit countries because she had been following wrong globalization strategies. Privatization process was corrupt while much of the DPIs went to those fields which did not yield much increase in employment or export potential. But most importantly, Turkey had raised interest rates to abnormally high levels and thereby had vastly expanded her internal and external debts. Hence, as a result of the global economic crises, Turkey suffered a significantly deep fall in her GNP growth rate and a very big increase in her unemployment rate. Though Turkey took several measures to ameliorate the balance of payments deficit and to expand total demand, hence production, the government refrained from making a stand-by agreement with the IMF in order to avoid strict discipline in her government expenditures due to first, local elections and presently, the coming parliamentary elections.

scholarly journals Determinants of Privatization: Evidence from Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD TAHIR KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
International Financing

Privatization is something that can take the ownership factor from state and give it to other and since form 1990’s it has turned out to be a most important for both the developing countries as well as for the developed countries. However, in this study we identify the determinants that can lead the government of Pakistan towards privatization by relying on the data that has been taken from privatization commission of Pakistan (PCP) and state bank of Pakistan database between the years 1991 to 2014. Our results identify that the decision for privatization has been initiated by external factor i.e international financing agencies and after that it has been shaped by internal factors that is basically due to economic condition.

Security and privacy of adolescents in social applications and networks: legislative aspects and legal practice of countering cyberbullying on example of developed and developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghandour ◽  
Viktor Shestak ◽  
Konstantin Sokolovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Applications

Purpose This paper aims to study the developed countries’ experience on the cyberbullying legal regulation among adolescents, to identify existing shortcomings in the developing countries’ laws and to develop recommendations for regulatory framework improvement. Design/methodology/approach The authors have studied the state regulatory practice of the UK, the USA, Canada, Malaysia, South Africa, Turkey, UAE and analyzed the statistics of 2018 on the cyberbullying manifestation among adolescents in these countries. Findings The study results can encourage countries to create separate cyberbullying legislation and periodically review and modify already existing legislation. Originality/value The study provides a list of the recommendations to regulate cybercrime in developing countries and prevent it as well. The results may contribute to creating laws related to the regulation of cyberbullying in countries where such legislation does not exist yet or existing regulatory legal acts do not bring the expected results, namely, in Post-Soviet countries and other developing countries of the world.

The Effect of 2008 Financial Crisis on the Distribution of Economic Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-110
Author(s):  
Manmohan Agarwal ◽  
Amrita Brahmo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

There has been considerable debate over whether the USA is losing its stronghold over the world economy and its power declining, giving way to new leadership from the emerging economies (EEs) like China. This article uses the notion of power based on the resources available to a state. It uses a number of measures to measure the resources available to a state and so assess economic power. It finds that there has been a slight decline in the importance of the developed countries and an increase in that of the developing countries (DCs). However, there is a slight decline in the power of the USA. The increase in the importance of developing countries is mainly on account of China. But the changes do not mean that developing countries can get the changes they desire. There is more of a stalemate.

Governance and Capital Accumulation under Globalization

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Kamal Ray ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Utpal Das
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Sustaining good governance is necessarily required for all countries in the world after the phase of globalization, especially when almost the entire world is struck by the global financial crisis originated from the USA. The present study tries to concentrate upon establishing an interlinkage among capital accumulation of a sample of countries with principal components of governance for the time period 1996-2012. Correlation analysis along with the Granger Causality test is applied to identify directions of causalities among capital formation and all the governance indicators. The study observes an inverse relation between governance indicators and capital accumulation for majority of the developing countries and in some cases positive relations for developed countries. Besides, it is observed that there are causal relations from capital formation to governance in most of the developed countries whereas in most of the developing countries there are causalities from governance to capital formation.

E-Government Initiative in the Sultanate of Oman

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Khamis Al-Gharbi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Kindi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
Use Of Internet

There are many interesting initiatives regarding the use of internet technologies in e-government that are taking place in developing countries. A number of studies have been conducted in recent years regarding the adoption and use of internet technologies in e-government. However, most of these studies focused on the developed countries. There are many interesting initiatives regarding the use of internet technologies in e-government that are taking place in the developing countries and yet have received very little research attention. The Sultanate of Oman is currently working on a project called e-Oman to provide e-government, e-commerce, e-learning and other e-services. The hope is to enhance the quality of services offered by the government to its citizens. The purpose of this paper is to highlight e-government Initiatives in Oman.

Implication of Globalization on Indonesia's Development and NGOs' Response

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Budi Winarno
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Monetary Economic ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Domestic Capital ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

Globalization and economic liberalization have given benefits to the developed countries but have been baneful for the developing countries in some respects, including Indonesia. Market-driven development pushed the government losing its control of foreign and domestic capital flight out of the country, when Indonesia was beaten by monetary, economic, and political crises. As a result, poverty, unemployment and the widening gap between the rich and the poor people have been increasing. Indonesia's NGOs have blamed and resisted the conspiracy of developed countries in the process of impoverishing the developing countries. Therefore, efforts have been undertaken by Indonesia's NGOs to provide advocacy and empowerment, as well as defending the rights of poor people and their dignity. However, the struggle of Indonesia's NGOs on the side of poor people is still far away.

E-Government Initiative in the Sultanate of Oman

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khamis Al-Gharbi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Kindi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
Use Of Internet

There are many interesting initiatives regarding the use of internet technologies in e-government that are taking place in developing countries. A number of studies have been conducted in recent years regarding the adoption and use of internet technologies in e-government. However, most of these studies focused on the developed countries. There are many interesting initiatives regarding the use of internet technologies in e-government that are taking place in the developing countries and yet have received very little research attention. The Sultanate of Oman is currently working on a project called e-Oman to provide e-government, e-commerce, e-learning and other e-services. The hope is to enhance the quality of services offered by the government to its citizens. The purpose of this paper is to highlight e-government Initiatives in Oman.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

Foreign Trade of Russia: Barometer Foretells Storm

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

The development of Russian foreign trade during the previous five years is analyzed. It is stated that, in terms of value, exports of services and imports of goods and services steadily grew during the first four years of the period under review. Exports of goods also rose during three years, but in 2014 both exports and imports again fell in comparison with the previous year as was the case five years ago. The composition of the Russian exports and imports of goods did not change radically during the previous years. The main items of export are, as always, mineral products, metals and fertilizers. Import is prevailed by foodstuffs, chemicals and heavy engineering equipment. The current situation is featured by the reduction of world oil prices, slump of the domestic economy and war of sanctions with the Western countries. All this substantially impairs the conditions of Russia’s foreign trade activities and inhibits its development in the upcoming years. In the author’s view, the implementation of measures worked out by the government – correction of tariff liabilities before the WTO, redirecting of trade streams from the European to the Asian markets, import substitution and export support – will unlikely improve the situation. Revision of the liabilities before the WTO in the conditions of the decrease of the internal demand and serious devaluation of Ruble is considered as inappropriate and counterproductive. “Asiatic turn” is only capable to compensate to a certain respect the loss of supplies of some food products from Europe, but cannot fully offset the loss of potentialities of the acquisition of modern technologies and equipment from the developed countries. It is doubtful that it will be possible to dramatically cut the import dependence. It is necessary to replace many kinds of foreign goods, but it is impossible to implement a frontal substitution of import in all directions. Excessive stress on the import substitution might lead to the emergence of shortages and poorer availability of some goods at the internal market and, at the worst, to self-isolation and economic autarky. The attempts to build up an effective system of export support might be successful only in the conditions of the establishment of the large-scale production of goods and services which would be comparable with the foreign analogues in respect to the criteria of price and quality. Taking this into consideration the technological renovation of production processes, first of all in the manufacturing industry, and on this basis rising up of the competitiveness of plants and factories are the most important prerequisites for encouraging export activities and formation of the new export specialization of the country.

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