An Overview of Relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan in Light Of Economic Developments in Central Asia

Kazakhstan is in a distinctive position among other Central Asian Republics due to its rich economic resources. It has the highest per capita GDP. Turkey is the first country to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is the major strategic partner of Turkey in Central Asia. Due to its active and constructive approach, its importance has been increasing in Turkey’s foreign policy. Turkey, having qualified human resources, technology know-how, and international experience, is capable of supporting Central Asian countries in various areas. When their economy, production structure, export and import demands are compared withTurkey, we may see a great collaboration opportunities to complement each other. Due to the common history, ethnics, and culture, Turkey has become the strategic partner for Kazakhstan. Turkeyis also an important market for Kazakhstan as it has a continously developing industry, increasing consumer expenses, and growing export potential.

Central Asian Countries in the Context of the Afghan Crisis

Russia and New States of Eurasia ◽

10.20542/2073-4786-2021-3-78-92 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 78-92

Author(s):

E. Ionova

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Central Asia ◽

The United States ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Central Asian ◽

Terrorist Organization ◽

Central Asian Countries ◽

The Taliban’s (terrorist organization banned in Russia) victory in Afghanistan creates new threats and challenges to the countries of Central Asia. At the same time, the attitude of the Central Asian republics to the new government is significantly different. While Tajikistan is not yet ready to establish ties with the Taliban, Uzbekistan, interested in economic projects with Afghanistan, aims to develop good-neighborly relations with the Taliban. In the context of the aggravation of the situation on the southern borders of the CIS, cooperation between Russia and the countries of the region in the field of security is strengthening, which increases its role in Central Asia. Having carried out the withdrawal of its troops from Afghanistan, the United States does not abandon its attempts to gain a foothold in the region, seeking to involve the Central Asian countries in solving their problems. At the same time, proposals are being put forward that may create additional difficulties for the Central Asian republics.

Japanese Involvement in Central Asia

Asian Journal of Social Science ◽

10.1163/15685314-04301004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1-2) ◽

pp. 50-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nikolay Murashkin

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Economic Reforms ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Government Officials ◽

Central Asian ◽

Central Asian Countries ◽

Bilateral Assistance ◽

Economic Ties ◽

This paper looks into the role of policy-making carried out by various government officials in the Japanese financial community who contributed to the formulation and implementation of Japanese “Silk Road Diplomacy” in the 1990s and 2000s. Furthermore, it examines the role of key Japanese ministries in the overall Japanese geopolitical engagement in Central Asia. When the five Central Asian republics of the USSR became independent in 1991, they soon encountered a proactive engagement of Japanese diplomacy toward them. Besides boosting bilateral assistance and economic ties, official Tokyo has vigorously promoted the Central Asian states’ eligibility in many international financial institutions and provided extensive advice on reform policies. Both Japanese and Central Asian officials shared a preference for gradualism in economic reforms as a popular approach alternative to the Western neoliberalism in Central Asian countries, although the extent of embracing gradualism varied upon individual republics and advising officials. Spurred by the failures of the Washington consensus and financial crises of the 1990s, Central Asian gradualism can be regarded as an early precursor attempt at post-neoliberalism.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION OF UZBEKISTAN WITH THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) ◽

10.36713/epra6612 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 165-172

Author(s):

Mirzaev Gulom Rizokulovich

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Key Words ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Spiritual Values ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Central Asian ◽

Central Asian Countries ◽

The Common ◽

The Republic

This article covers the formation, development and prospects of cultural and humanitarian cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and Central Asian countries. Factors influencing the cultural and humanitarian cooperation of Uzbekistan with the countries of the region are analyzed. The role and place of the cultural and humanitarian sphere in strengthening cooperation between the countries of Central Asia is gradually shown. The legal basis of interstate cultural and humanitarian cooperation and the activities of cultural events are studied. The common history and spiritual values of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan are illustrated by examples. It has been revealed that the ancient fraternal ties between the peoples of the region today serve to strengthen interstate cultural and humanitarian cooperation. Conclusions were reached on the development of cultural and humanitarian cooperation between Uzbekistan and Central Asian countries, and a number of proposals were made to strengthen cultural cooperation. KEY WORDS: Republic of Uzbekistan, Central Asia, cultural and humanitarian cooperation

New European Union strategy for Central Asia

Diplomatic Service ◽

10.33920/vne-01-2004-08 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-79

Author(s):

S. Gavrilova

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Central Asia ◽

Economic Cooperation ◽

The European Union ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Energy Potential ◽

High Importance ◽

Central Asian ◽

New Strategy ◽

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.

KAZAKHSTAN’S POSITION IN THE ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH OTHER COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL ASIA

Central Asia and the Caucasus ◽

10.37178/ca-c.21.2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 110-121

Author(s):

Karlygash MUKHTAROVA ◽

Yermukhambet KONUSPAYEV ◽

Klara MAKASHEVA ◽

Karim SHAKIROV

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Economic Model ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Economic Cooperation ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Regional Economic ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Central Asian ◽

Central Asian Countries ◽

Economic Ties

Improving the forms and mechanisms of regional economic integration, deepening the mutual understanding on the formation of an economically and politically secure integrated space, expanding trade and economic relations, elaborating joint actions to maintain regional peace and stability, creating a single information space are among the key areas that have become the basis of cooperation among the Central Asian region (CAR) states. The authors reveal the positive aspects of cooperation among the CAR countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan. First and foremost, these include common historical roots, linguistic and cultural similarity, convenient geographical location and established economic ties, which allow the states of Central Asia (CA) to establish a deeper and more active understanding of each other, to solve economic and political problems related to finding and realizing domestic investment potential and expanding regional trade and economic ties. The joint establishment of international transport corridors and infrastructure will help reduce the transport costs for Central Asian countries that supply export products to external markets, which is an important area of cooperation in Central Asia. In addition, the economic problems that exist among the regional countries largely determine the nature of relations between them. Future solution of problems determines the subsequent viability of the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) and the regional development prospects. Based on the use of economic research tools, the authors examine the problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the state of trade and economic relations between the regional states. Post-crisis plans for economic recovery in the Central Asian countries will be developed and implemented in the context of the need to solve the present-day problems associated with the gradual lifting of quarantine measures. In this regard, the quickest possible transition of economies to an upward growth trajectory should launch the expansion of trade and economic cooperation and ties among the Central Asian countries. The authors emphasize the fact that another important problem within CAREC is the fact that CAR economies are dominated by raw materials, which does not solve the problems of reducing social inequality and improving the welfare of the regional population. For this reason, Kazakhstan, like other Central Asian countries, is currently in search of a new economic model. The transformation is crucial because the country needs to overcome its excessive long-term dependence on the export of oil and raw materials. The new economic model should be focused on further industrialization and diversification of the economy, on the search for new innovative approaches and development strategies.

EXPORT POSITIONS OF RUSSIA IN CENTRAL ASIA: REALITIES AND PROBLEMS

Economics Profession Business ◽

10.14258/epb202137 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

M. M. Butakova ◽

O. N. Sokolova

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Russian Regions ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Central Asian ◽

Market Capacity ◽

Central Asian Countries ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

State Of Affairs

The article is devoted to researching and assessing the state of affairs, identifying problems and prospects for Russia’s presence in the markets of Central Asian countries. The relevance of the problem is connected with the goals of maintaining the export positions of the Russian Federation in this market and with the goals of increasing the volume of non-resource non-energy exports. The authors investigated the dynamics and structure of world and Russian exports to the countries of Central Asia, highlighted the dominant commodity groups of Russian exports for each importing country. As a result of the study of the territorial aspect and the related specifics of trade and economic relations, it was concluded that a deeper study of export opportunities and prospects of Russian regions bordering on countries-importers of Russian products in Central Asia was made. The article outlines the problems of increasing competition in the markets of Central Asia and the negative impact on the prospects of Russian exports of falling incomes of the population and reducing market capacity due to the pandemic, the need to take a set of measures to maintain Russia’s competitive position in this market. As a result the studies of the problems of the development of Russian exports the authors came to the conclusion that it is mutually beneficial and promising, to increase the supply Russian products to the countries of Central Asia the need to find ways to increase its efficiency, and strengthen state support for non-resource non-energy exports.

Izvestia Ural Federal University Journal Series 1. Issues in Education, Science and Culture ◽

Main Trends and Priority Directions in the Use of Communicative Technologies in Work with Students From the Countries of Central Asia (on the Results of Sociological Research)

10.15826/izv1.2021.27.1.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 201-207

Author(s):

A. S. Yufereva ◽

◽

Iu. S. Kukharenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Cultural Environment ◽

Asian Countries ◽

State Institutions ◽

Central Asian ◽

This article provides a systematization and specification of the established communication technologies used by Yekaterinburg universities, public and state institutions in order to adapt students to the academic and cultural environment. The study involved a group of methods, as a result of which the features of the use of communication technologies by universities, public and social institutions when interacting with students from Central Asian countries, as well as their subsequent adaptation to the educational, social, and cultural environment in general, were revealed.

Central Asia After Three Decades of Independence

10.5771/9783748924845 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Civil Society ◽

Central Asia ◽

Gender Equality ◽

International Security ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Central Asian ◽

On the 30th anniversary of the dissolution of the USSR, this book collects selected contributions which analyse patterns of stability and transformation that characterise the politics and societies of three Central Asian countries—Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan—along with those of Central Asia as a region. In particular, this edited volume investigates gender equality discourses in Uzbekistan, the electoral rights of people with disabilities in Kyrgyzstan, neo-realism in the regional context of Central Asia, the role of Islam in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan as a provider of international security as well as the EU’s support of civil society and social capital in Kazakhstan. With contributions by Nora Becker, Dr. Shalva Dzebisashvili, Aziz Elmuradov, Prof. Dr. Matthias Kortmann, Dr. Aliia Maralbaeva, Laura Karoline Nette, Dr. Chiara Pierobon and Dr. Steve Schlegel.

Economic Dynamics of Global Energy Geopolitics - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

Central Asia's Role in China's Energy Security

10.4018/978-1-5225-4203-2.ch009 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 167-191

Author(s):

Paulo Afonso Brardo Duarte

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Energy Security ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Energy Deficit ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Global Energy ◽

Central Asian ◽

One Belt One Road ◽

Central Asia has gained extraordinary importance in recent years in the framework of global energy security. China is the most significant example of a power that looks to its periphery as a viable option for energy supply. In Central Asia, Chinese companies are dynamic players having even broken the long Soviet and Russian monopoly over regional pipelines. This chapter examines the importance of the region within China's energy security, while not overlooking the potential contribution of the China-Pakistan economic corridor in the energy transit. In addition, Central Asia is likely to help China reduce the energy deficit in Xinjiang, through the import of hydroelectricity generated in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Although Central Asia's contribution to global energy security is low, it matters in a context of energy diversification, in which China's One Belt One Road brought a more promising dynamics to the cooperation between Beijing and Central Asian countries.

Gender

Christianity in South and Central Asia ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0032 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 363-372

Author(s):

Sheela Jeyaraj ◽

Evangeline Anderson-Rajkumar

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Central Asia ◽

South Asian ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Christian Women ◽

Central Asian ◽

The Status ◽

God's Grace ◽

Almost All ◽

Gender issues in South and Central Asia involve discriminations in the socio-cultural, political and economic realms. Despite policy initiatives, gender equality is still not available for most women. The condition of Central Asian women is less favourable than that of their counterparts in South Asia. Still, in South Asian countries where certain Hindu or Buddhist fundamentalist norms prevail, the position of women continues to be deplorable. Discrimination of women is justified in Sanskrit scriptures, which do not contain a coherent narrative of the creation of women. Likewise, the scriptures of Jainism and Buddhism present women as inferior to men. The status of Christian women in certain South Asian countries is better than that of their Central Asian republics. The patriarchal societies of South and Central Asia do not educate a sufficient number of women in theology. Today, almost all female Christian theologians in South Asia engage with the pathos of the exploited. Reversal of gender roles among diaspora communities have caused conflicts in the home and in public. Despite their struggles, Christian women in South and Central Asia continue their witness to God’s grace in Christ sustaining them.