scholarly journals Worker’s Remittances and Poverty in Kyrgyzstan

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalbek Karymshakov ◽  
Raziya Abdiyeva ◽  
Burulcha Sulaimanova
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of internal and international remittances on poverty in Kyrgyzstan using household survey data for 2011. Following Adams and Cuecuecha (2010) two-stage multinomial logit model suggested by Bourguigon et al. (2007) is used. Methodology use instrumental variables to solve the selectivity bias issue and then estimates counterfactual expenditure of households. Households are classified as international remittance receiving, internal remittance receiving and remittance non-receiving. For evaluation of remittances impact on poverty counterfactual expenditures are compared with observed actual expenditure by household types. Expenditure level for 2011 for definition of national poverty line in Kyrgyzstan is used as the benchmark for poverty impact of remittances. Results show that international remittances considerably decrease poverty level. Per capita expenditure of international remittance receiving households would be lower than expenditure of poverty line for 2011, if they did not receive remittances. Internal remittance receiving households also would decrease expenditures, but it would still be higher than poverty line.

scholarly journals The Impact of Integrated Management for Salt Tolerant Forage Production on Small Farmers Poverty Egypt Case Study (Sahl El-Tina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Sherine Fathy Mansour ◽  
Dalia Elsaid Abozaid
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of New Integrated Management Package (IMP) adoption on income and poverty among fodder farming household in Sahl El-Tina. The IMP such as Rate, time, and methods of nitrogen fertilization and other fertilization, Leaching requirements for some crops, Intercropping system, Use of suitable crop genotype/variety, Use of modern irrigation systems or modified systems to save water, date, rate and method of planting. The study aims mainly to improve the lives of small farmers through the level of dissemination and application of cultivation techniques forage crops tolerant to salinity through develop and disseminate technologies packages of forage production. And reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of IMP on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 200 farmers from Shal El-Tina. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of IMP adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of IMP raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 529.27$ and 1371$ in Shal El-Tina per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household, although complementary measures are also needed. The incidence of poverty was higher among non-IMP adopters (55.2%) than IMP adopters (49.5%). In addition, both the depth and severity of poverty were also higher (20.85% and 15.42%) among non-adopters than the adopters (18.48% and 9.88%). All three poverty measures indicate that poverty was more prevalent and severe among non-adopters compared to adopters.

scholarly journals Blindness Above And Below The Poverty Line: Reflections from Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assegid Roba ◽  
Margarida Chagunda ◽  
Tiago Machissa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. Methods: As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people >50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank’s threshold of living on <$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. Results: The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had a significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Conclusions: Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.

scholarly journals Blindness above and below the Poverty Line: Reflections form Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assegid A. Roba ◽  
Margarida Chagunda ◽  
Tiago S. Machissa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people >50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank’s threshold of living on <$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Calorie Consumption and Elasticity in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINH HOANG VU
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Method ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Parametric Estimation ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyzes calorie consumption in Vietnam using the household survey data. The data suggest that food insecurity is still a major problem in Vietnam, with nearly 40 percent of the population being unable to meet their calorie requirement. Employing nonparametric and parametric estimation techniques, the paper examines the relationship between household calorie consumption and per capita household expenditure in Vietnam. The analysis indicates a positive and significant relationship between per capita expenditure and per capita calorie consumption. The mean calorie elasticity is estimated to be between 0.21 and 0.31 by the parametric method and 0.20 by non-parametric method. In addition, simulated income and food price changes indicate that undernutrition is very responsive to changes in income and food prices

scholarly journals Effects of Remittances on Poverty among Rural Households in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatomide Waheed Olowa ◽  
Taiwo Timothy Awoyemi ◽  
Musediku Adebayo a Shittu ◽  
Omowumi Ayodele Olowa
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Real Income ◽  
North Central ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Rural Nigeria ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Land Size ◽  
The Impact

Poverty in Nigeria is more prevalent in therural sector due to dwindling and inequitabledistribution of real income. Remittances (money and goods sent by migrants to relativesback home) can be poverty reducing. However,the extent to which remittances affectpoverty and income inequality has not been adequately documented inNigeria.This paperuses a large, nationally-representative household survey to analyse the impact of domesticremittances (from Nigeria) and foreign remittances (from African and other countries) onpoverty in rural Nigeria. The socioeconomic characteristics showed that on the average,households that received foreign remittanceshad older heads (61.7± 19.7 years), smallerhousehold size (4.0 ± 2.5), bigger land size(18.53±26.5 ha), higherliteracy rate (0.50 ±0.5) and non-poor (0.08 ±0.3) with higher annual per capita expenditure (₦111,768 ±₦179,868). Poverty analysis showed that both types of remittances reduce the level,depth and severity of poverty in rural Nigeria.However, the size of the poverty reductiondepends on how poverty is being measured. The paper finds that poverty is reduced morewhen domestic, as opposed to foreign remittances are included inhousehold income, andwhen poverty is measured by the more sensitive poverty measures: poverty gap andsquared poverty gap. At a poverty line of₦23,733 per annum, a 10%increase in domesticremittances decreased Poverty Incidence(PI), Poverty Gap (PG) and Squared PovertyGap (SPG) by 1.80%, 1.60% and 1.60% while10% rise in foreign remittances reducedpoverty incidence (PI), Poverty gap (PG) and Squared poverty gap (SPG) by 0.86%,0.62% and0.62% respectively in rural Nigeria. Across GPZs, While 10% increase inforeign remittances reduced PI (-0.88%) in North-Central (NC) it had no effect in NE(0.00%). Same increase in domestic remittances reduced PI, PG, SPG most in the SS (-0.29%, -1.85% and -0.75%) and leastin NE (-0.09%, -0.82% and -0.22%

Poverty issues, including the working poverty in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2294-2312
Author(s):  
Tat'yana A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Anastasiya E. ZUBANOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. SOROKVASHINA
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
The State ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Poverty ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The poverty of the population with all features and factors of its manifestation causes deep structural problems that affect the development of the national economy. Objectives. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the poverty of the population category, using statistical data, identification of causes of the gap in the level of salaries of Russian and foreign specialists, determination of factors that have the greatest impact on the development of working poverty in Russia. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and statistical analysis. Results. We considered approaches to the definition of poverty in Russia and other countries, analyzed absolute and relative poverty in Russia, the impact of subsistence minimum on the definition of poverty, assessed nominal and real incomes of the population. The ratio of the average per capita income of the population and the subsistence minimum decreased over the past decade, however, the poverty was not overcome during this period. The per capita income in Russia turned out to be low, real incomes continue to decline. Due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, a decline in wages can be traced, both in space and in time. Conclusions. Worsening the poverty situation in the country creates a chain of problems related to the distrust of the State policy in the social and labor spheres, expanded production slowdown, an increase in social tension in the society. A reduction of working poverty should be a priority task for the State.

scholarly journals Testing for Stochastic Dominance up to a Common Relative Poverty Line

Econometrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tahsin Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Monte Carlo Study ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Dominance Tests

Although a wide array of stochastic dominance tests exist for poverty measurement and identification, they assume the income distributions have independent poverty lines or a common absolute (fixed) poverty line. We propose a stochastic dominance test for comparing income distributions up to a common relative poverty line (i.e., some fraction of the pooled median). A Monte Carlo study demonstrates its superior performance over existing methods in terms of power. The test is then applied to some Canadian household survey data for illustration.

Can Alcohol Prohibition Reduce Violence Against Women?

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara Lee Luca ◽  
Emily Owens ◽  
Gunjan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Reported Crime ◽  
Crimes Against Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Prohibition

Violence against women is a critical problem across the world. In this paper, we exploit state and temporal variation in alcohol control in India to examine the impact of prohibition on alcohol consumption and violent crimes against women. We first use detailed household survey data to show that prohibition policies are associated with substantially lower rates of drinking among men and domestic violence. Next, we provide evidence that alcohol prohibition reduces aggregate violence against women in officially reported crime data. The results suggest that policies that restrict access to alcohol may help reduce gender violence.

An Estimation of Price Effects of Making Food Fortification Mandatory in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Amarnath Tripathi ◽  
Shruti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Food Items ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Expenditure

Background: Despite several interventions, India has made little progress in reducing hidden hunger, micronutrient malnutrition. Food fortification of staple foods could be useful in addressing the above problem. Nonetheless, it may lead to an increase in economic stress among people by increasing inflation and monthly budget expenditure. Objective: The prime objective was to see whether or not mandatory food fortification will lead to an increase in inflation and the family’s budget expenditure. Methods: The study was based on secondary data. Decomposition approach has been used—inflation was decomposed into contributions of each commodity and which was further divided into base, weight, and inflation effects. To estimate the impact of mandatory food fortification on the family’s budget expenditure, monthly per capita expenditure has been assessed by considering both the situations—with and without fortification. Results: Results suggest that mandatory food fortification has a very negligible effect on inflation, suggesting no rise in inflation due to mandatory food fortification in India. Also, the study suggests a minimal increase in monthly per capita expenditure in both rural and urban sectors of India. Conclusions: Though adopting mandatory food fortification in India will not have an impact on inflation, there would be 2 major challenges: high dependency on food items processed locally and unawareness of benefits of fortified food items. Therefore, the government can first start food fortification of staple food with safety nets programs like NFSA, focusing on the most vulnerable groups of the society, and then scale up at a large scale.

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