scholarly journals The Impact of Integrated Management for Salt Tolerant Forage Production on Small Farmers Poverty Egypt Case Study (Sahl El-Tina)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Sherine Fathy Mansour ◽  
Dalia Elsaid Abozaid
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Farming Household ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of New Integrated Management Package (IMP) adoption on income and poverty among fodder farming household in Sahl El-Tina. The IMP such as Rate, time, and methods of nitrogen fertilization and other fertilization, Leaching requirements for some crops, Intercropping system, Use of suitable crop genotype/variety, Use of modern irrigation systems or modified systems to save water, date, rate and method of planting. The study aims mainly to improve the lives of small farmers through the level of dissemination and application of cultivation techniques forage crops tolerant to salinity through develop and disseminate technologies packages of forage production. And reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household. It used instrumental variables (IV)-based estimator to estimate the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) of adoption of IMP on income and poverty reduction, using cross-sectional data of 200 farmers from Shal El-Tina. The findings reveal a robust positive and significant impact of IMP adoption on farm household income and welfare measured by per capita expenditure and poverty reduction. Specifically, the empirical results suggest that adoption of IMP raises household per capita expenditure and income by an average of 529.27$ and 1371$ in Shal El-Tina per cropping season respectively, thereby reducing their probability of falling below the poverty line. Therefore suggest that intensification of the investment on IMP dissemination is a reasonable policy instrument to raise incomes and reduce poverty among fodder farming household, although complementary measures are also needed. The incidence of poverty was higher among non-IMP adopters (55.2%) than IMP adopters (49.5%). In addition, both the depth and severity of poverty were also higher (20.85% and 15.42%) among non-adopters than the adopters (18.48% and 9.88%). All three poverty measures indicate that poverty was more prevalent and severe among non-adopters compared to adopters.

scholarly journals Worker’s Remittances and Poverty in Kyrgyzstan

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalbek Karymshakov ◽  
Raziya Abdiyeva ◽  
Burulcha Sulaimanova
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of internal and international remittances on poverty in Kyrgyzstan using household survey data for 2011. Following Adams and Cuecuecha (2010) two-stage multinomial logit model suggested by Bourguigon et al. (2007) is used. Methodology use instrumental variables to solve the selectivity bias issue and then estimates counterfactual expenditure of households. Households are classified as international remittance receiving, internal remittance receiving and remittance non-receiving. For evaluation of remittances impact on poverty counterfactual expenditures are compared with observed actual expenditure by household types. Expenditure level for 2011 for definition of national poverty line in Kyrgyzstan is used as the benchmark for poverty impact of remittances. Results show that international remittances considerably decrease poverty level. Per capita expenditure of international remittance receiving households would be lower than expenditure of poverty line for 2011, if they did not receive remittances. Internal remittance receiving households also would decrease expenditures, but it would still be higher than poverty line.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

scholarly journals Poverty Eradication in Nigeria: A Focus on National Poverty Eradication Programme in Abia State, 2001- 2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Greene Ifeanyi Eleagu
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Broad Objective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Huge Challenge

Poverty has been a huge challenge to Nigeria for a long time as majority of Nigerians live below poverty line. Successive civilian and military governments in Nigeria agreed on the need to eradicate or alleviate this ugly situation. In an attempt to ameliorate the situation, they introduced a number of schemes and programmes. The apparent failure of the various schemes and programmes and the resultant citizen discontent led to the creation of the National Poverty Eradication Programme, NAPEP, in all the states of the federation and the Federal Capital Territory. The broad objective of the study was to empirically evaluate the impact of NAPEP towards poverty eradication in Abia state, through the provision of youth employment. The structuralfunctionalist theory was adopted with an interrogation of relevant documents on financial flows, projects and programmes. The findings suggest that youth unemployment was pervasive. Again, the poverty reduction or alleviation efforts were fraught with corruption. To correct these, the work recommended disbursing monies to beneficiaries through banks. It also suggested, among others, that future efforts should be rural-centred, instead of urban-centred.

An Estimation of Price Effects of Making Food Fortification Mandatory in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
Amarnath Tripathi ◽  
Shruti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Decomposition Approach ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Food Items ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Expenditure

Background: Despite several interventions, India has made little progress in reducing hidden hunger, micronutrient malnutrition. Food fortification of staple foods could be useful in addressing the above problem. Nonetheless, it may lead to an increase in economic stress among people by increasing inflation and monthly budget expenditure. Objective: The prime objective was to see whether or not mandatory food fortification will lead to an increase in inflation and the family’s budget expenditure. Methods: The study was based on secondary data. Decomposition approach has been used—inflation was decomposed into contributions of each commodity and which was further divided into base, weight, and inflation effects. To estimate the impact of mandatory food fortification on the family’s budget expenditure, monthly per capita expenditure has been assessed by considering both the situations—with and without fortification. Results: Results suggest that mandatory food fortification has a very negligible effect on inflation, suggesting no rise in inflation due to mandatory food fortification in India. Also, the study suggests a minimal increase in monthly per capita expenditure in both rural and urban sectors of India. Conclusions: Though adopting mandatory food fortification in India will not have an impact on inflation, there would be 2 major challenges: high dependency on food items processed locally and unawareness of benefits of fortified food items. Therefore, the government can first start food fortification of staple food with safety nets programs like NFSA, focusing on the most vulnerable groups of the society, and then scale up at a large scale.

scholarly journals Determinants of Farmers’ Decisions on Risk Coping Strategies in Rural West Java

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Dadang Jainal Mutaqin
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
West Java ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Risk Coping

The impact of natural hazards on agriculture in Indonesia is becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, improving farmers’ capacity to undertake risk coping strategies is essential to maintaining their prosperity. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of farmers’ decisions on ex ante and ex post coping strategies in rural West Java, Indonesia. The study was based on a field survey of 180 farmers conducted in the Garut district from July to October 2017. The study used the protection motivation theory framework and applied three econometric models: binomial logit model, zero truncated Poisson regression model, and multinomial logit model. Most farmers (74.4%) adopted ex ante coping strategies. They were characterized as having higher risk aversion per capita expenditure and disaster experience, but lower discount rates and percentage of damage and locations in downstream and midstream areas. Coping appraisal perceptions were found to be important factors in the risk coping analysis. Four determinants of the decision on the number of ex ante coping strategies adopted were: per capita expenditure, land size, disaster experience, and access to financial institutions. The most common ex post coping strategy adopted by farmers was the middle-stress type.

scholarly journals Hypertension and diabetes treatment affordability and government expenditures following changes in patient cost sharing in the “Farmácia popular” program in Brazil: an interrupted time series study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Martins Emmerick ◽  
Mônica Rodrigues Campos ◽  
Rondineli Mendes da Silva ◽  
Luisa Arueira Chaves ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Patient Cost ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Increasing medicines availability and affordability is a key goal of Brazilian health policies. “Farmácia Popular” (FP) Program is one of the government’s key strategies to achieve this goal. Under FP, antihypertension (HTN) and antiglycemic (DM) medicines have been provided at subsidized prices in private retail settings since 2006, and free of charge since 2011. We aim to assess the impact of sequential changes in FP benefits on patient affordability and government expenditures for HTN and DM treatment under the FP, and examine their implications for public financing mechanisms and program sustainability. Methods Longitudinal, retrospective study using interrupted time series to analyze: HTN and DM treatment coverage; total and per capita expenditure; percentage paid by MoH; and patient cost sharing. Analyzes were conducted in the dispensing database of the FP program (from 2006 to 2012). Results FP has increased its coverage over time; by December 2012 FP covered on average 13% of DM and 11.5% of HTN utilization, a growth of over 600 and 1500%, respectively. The overall cost per treatment to the MoH declined from R$36.43 (R$ = reais, the Brazilian currency) to 18.74 for HTN and from R$33.07to R$15.05 for DM over the period analyzed, representing a reduction in per capita cost greater than 50%. The amount paid by patients for the medicines covered increased over time until 2011, but then declined to zero. We estimate that to treat all patients in need for HTN and DM in 2012 under FP, the Government would need to expend 97% of the total medicines budget. Conclusions FP rapidly increased its coverage in terms of both program reach and proportion of cost subsidized during the period analyzed. Costs of individual HTN and DM treatments in FP were reduced after 2011 for both patients (free) and government (better negotiated prices). However, overall FP expenditures by MoH increased due to markedly increased utilization. The FP is sustainable as a complementary policy but cannot feasibly substitute for the distribution of medicines by the SUS.

scholarly journals The impact of inflation in the human levels of poverty and its impact on the performance of human capital In Iraq, for the period 2010- 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rebar Fatah Mohammed ◽  
Ismail Aziz Asad ◽  
Abduallah Al-Dabash
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poor People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrates the concept of poverty to deny the poor access to basic basket of goods consisting of food, clothing and housing, in addition to a minimum of other needs, such as health care, transportation and education .and human capital in Iraq suffers from poverty capacity that qualify to contribute to economic development. Research has adopted a hypothesis: that inflation lowers the value of the currency and thus raise the poverty line, which contributes to the increase in the number of poor in the country, which contributes to reducing the skills and abilities of young people to contribute to economic development . The research aims to study the effect of inflation in increasing the number of poor people in Iraq through the study of the impact of inflation and its impact on the poverty line on human capital in Iraq. The research has come to conclusions which: : The poverty line in Iraq, equivalent to about $ 100 a month, less than the rate of $ 2 per day, and this means that Iraq's poor live in deprivation and extreme poverty compared to poor African countries, non-oil, which constitutes the poverty line, up to $ 30-60 per month. The reasons for the high rates of inflation in Iraq due to the absence of a clearly . The spread of financial and administrative corruption, according to a report in the governance of the international organization which ranked Iraq the last state in transparency. Some styles of gatekeepers and decision-makers to adopt Gatekeepers  currency and pumped into the market or hard currency smuggling to neighboring countries . The research was presented proposals including: the development of macroeconomic policy include the ways and methods of reducing poverty in Iraq, and to benefit from the experiences of other countries such as Malaysia, Turkey and Singapore. Reduce the financial and administrative corruption through the dimensions of the corrupt and thieves for managerial positions and refer them to the courts . Open foreign direct investment in all areas of economic and service sectors to provide job opportunities contribute to the reduction of unemployment and poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Blindness Above And Below The Poverty Line: Reflections from Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assegid Roba ◽  
Margarida Chagunda ◽  
Tiago Machissa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. Methods: As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people >50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank’s threshold of living on <$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. Results: The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had a significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Conclusions: Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.

scholarly journals The Impact of Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Selected Emerging Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poverty Levels

The study explored the impact of remittances on poverty in selected emerging markets. On the theoretical front, the optimistic view argued that remittances inflow into the labour exporting country reduces poverty whereas the pessimistic view proponents said that remittances dependence syndrome retards both economic growth and income per capita. Separately, using two measures of poverty [the poverty headcount ratio at US $1.90 and US $3.10 a day (% of population)] as dependent variables, the fixed effects approach produced results which supported the remittances led poverty reduction (optimistic) hypothesis whereas the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) framework found that remittances inflow into the selected emerging markets led to an increase in poverty levels. The implication of the findings is that emerging markets should put in place policies that attract migrant remittances in order to reduce poverty levels. They should avoid over‑reliance on remittances as that might retard economic growth and income per capita.

scholarly journals The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Education Outcomes and Poverty Reduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Litschig ◽  
Kevin M Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides regression discontinuity evidence on development impacts of intergovernmental transfers. Extra transfers in Brazil increased local government spending per capita by about 20 percent over a 4 year period with no evidence of crowding out own revenue or other revenue sources. Schooling per capita increased by about 7 percent and literacy rates by about 4 percentage points. In line with the effect on human capital, the poverty rate was reduced by about 4 percentage points. Somewhat noisier results also suggest that the reelection probability of local incumbent parties in the 1988 elections improved by about 10 percentage points. (JEL H72, H75, I21, I28, I32, I38, O15)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document