EFFECT OF VERTICALLY HETEROGENEOUS SOIL SALINITY ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, BIOMASS ACCUMULATION, ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND TRANSPIRATION OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted at Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the effect of irrigation regimens on the biomass accumulation, canopy development, light interception and radiation use efficiency of sunflower. The treatments includes irrigating the plants at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 cumulative pan evaporation. The results indicated that the aboveground biomass, canopy development, radiation interception and radiation use efficiency were influenced favorably by the irrigation regimens. Irrespective of the irrigation regimen, the radiation use efficiency of sunflower increased from 15 DAS to 75 DAS and then tended to decline. The decrease in RUE after anthesis is coupled with decrease in leaf nitrogen content. In general the RUE of sunflower ranged from 0.49 g MJ-1 to 1.84 g MJ-1 at different growth stages. The light transmission within the canopy increased exponentially with plant height and the canopy extension coefficient is found to be 0.8.

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Emergence of nine varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in salinized soil cultures

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600052060 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 359-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Karami

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

High Salt ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Soil Culture ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Low Salt ◽

Tolerance To Salinity ◽

Salinized Soil ◽

Dwarf Variety

SUMMARYNine high-oil varieties of sunflower were evaluated for their reactions to salinity during emergence in salinized soil culture ranging from 0 to 12·80 mmhos/cm under controlled temperature of 27±1 °C. The varieties were Louck, Vniimk-8931, Chernianka-66, Record, Armarisky, Peredovik, Orizont, Mhjak and Zarea.Soil salinity decreased the percentage of emergence in all varieties of sunflower. The rate of decrease in emergence of some varieties was greater than others. Among varieties tested Vniimk-8931 (a tall variety) and Chernianka-66 (a dwarf variety) showed the highest and the lowest tolerance to salinity at 7·60 mmhos/cm, respectively. For electric conductivities above 7·60 mmhos/cm, the nine varieties of sunflower could be classified in three categories. Vniimk-8931, Record, Louck, Peredovik and Armarisky as high salt tolerant, Mhjak and Orizont as medium salt tolerant and Chernianka-66 as low salt tolerant varieties.

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Mixture productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) intercropped with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the humid tropics: effects of sunflower introduction date and organic fertiliser

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp20330 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 1020

Author(s):

Olabisi T. Somefun ◽

Victor I. O. Olowe ◽

Sunday O. Adigbo ◽

Faucett O. Olasantan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Organic Fertiliser ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Fertiliser Application

Intercropping is a major production strategy in the tropics. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are two resilient oilseed crops of high economic potential with contrasting growth and morphological characteristics, which may make them suitable candidates for intercropping. Two field trials were conducted during the late cropping season (July–November) of 2018 and 2019 at Abeokuta, Nigeria, to evaluate the effects of organic fertiliser application and varying the introduction date of sunflower into sesame fields on intercrop productivity and efficiency. Sunflower was sown at 0, 10 and 20 days after sowing (DAS) of two varieties of sesame. On average, mixtures that involved either sesame variety with sunflower interplanted at 0 or 10 DAS plus fertiliser application showed a high land-equivalent ratio of >1.00 (biological efficiency), high land-equivalent coefficient of >0.25 (intercrop compatibility), and high economic efficiency in terms of monetary advantage index and sesame yield equivalent. Weight of sesame capsules per plant increased significantly (P < 0.05) following application of organic fertiliser in both years. Similarly, aboveground plant weight of sesame was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced irrespective of the date of introducing sunflower into sesame fields in both years. Sesame grain yield (543.4–636.5 kg/ha) during the wetter late season of 2019 compared favourably with mean values from Africa (473.5 kg/ha) and the world (512.3 kg/ha). Organic fertiliser application significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced sesame grain yield in both years. Delaying introduction of sunflower until 20 DAS of sesame resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower sunflower head weight and achene weight per head and depressed sunflower grain yield in both years. Therefore, mixtures of both sesame varieties with sunflower introduced at 0 or 10 DAS and with organic fertiliser applied achieved high intercrop productivity and land-use efficiency, and are hereby recommended for cultivation under humid tropical conditions.

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The feasibility of using sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a phytoindicator of anthropogenic load of the environment

Visnyk of Lviv University Biological series ◽

10.30970/vlubs.2021.84.06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

N. Prytula ◽

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Spatial Location ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Anthropogenic Load ◽

Industrial Zone ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Integrated Index

The phytoindication properties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a possible bioindicator of anthropogenic load of the territory are analyzed in the article by means of a technique of estimation of size of fluctuating asymmetry of a leaf plate of plants. The influence of the spatial location of sunflower crops and the influence of genotype on the development of morphometric traits of plants were studied. The study was conducted in late July 2019–2020, when the vegetative organs of sunflower reached their maximum development. The material was selected for research at nine points (nine fields) located in the Zaporizhzhia region, at different distances and in different directions from the industrial zone of Zaporizhzhia (Zavodsky district). To study the influence of genotype on the morphological characteristics of sunflower, a study of eight hybrids that grew under the same conditions in the demonstration area in Vasylivka district of Zaporizhzhia region was conducted. The integrated index of fluctuating asymmetry of sunflower was in the range of 0.062–0.114, with the largest indicator of fluctuating asymmetry was observed in the area closest to the industrial zone of Zaporizhzhia – north of Zaporizhzhia. The lowest rate was observed in the area – 5 – east of Zaporizhzhia. The integrated index of fluctuating asymmetry of sunflower hybrids grown in the same soil and climatic conditions in the demonstration area ranged from 0.070 to 0.093. Based on research conducted in 2019–2020, we concluded that the species sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), despite its distribution, is not suitable for use as a bioindication plant in the study of the level of man-made load in the area. We obtained significant differences in the development of morphometric parameters of sunflower leaves (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in areas far from the industrial zone of Zaporizhzhia. Hybrids, which differed in morpho-economic characteristics, were grown in the same soil and climatic conditions and with the same agricultural techniques, on the demonstration site, also showed significant fluctuations in the integral index of fluctuating asymmetry.

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Effect of Foliar Spray of Nano Silver and Organic Fertilizer (Algastar) and Salicylic Acid on Some Morphological Characteristics and Carbohydrate Content in (Helianthus annuus L.)

Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International ◽

10.9734/jaeri/2016/25694 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Yaseen ◽

Merzia Khailda ◽

Shleba Basim ◽

Mazeil Wasan

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Carbohydrate Content ◽

Nano Silver ◽

Helianthus Annuus L

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First Report of Variegated Caper Bug (Stenozygum coloratum Klug, 1845) on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Syria

Arab Journal Of Plant Protection ◽

10.22268/ajpp-39.3.228230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 228-230

Author(s):

Ali Yassine Ali ◽

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Plant Host ◽

New Host ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

White Spots ◽

Main Host ◽

Syrian Coast

The caper plant is the main host for the variegated caper bug Stenozygum coloratum (Klug, 1845) along the Syrian coast. The plants loose most of their leaves due to high infestation with this bug. The different stages of this bug were observed to feed on the vegetative parts of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., in high numbers (75 to 120 bugs/plant). The symptoms of infestation were white spots on the leaf surface. This report includes information on morphological characteristics of the bug, as well as plant hosts, and reporting sunflower as a new plant host for this insect. Keywords: Stenozygum coloratum, Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, New host plant. Syria

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