scholarly journals Grabados decorativos europeos y los retablos rococó del siglo XVIII en Trujillo (Perú)

Allpanchis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (83-84) ◽  
pp. 223-249
Author(s):  
Gauvin Alexander Bailey
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way ◽  
Printed Sources

El impacto del rococó ha sido tradicionalmente subestimado en el caso de los retablos del Perú. Aunque los estudiosos reconocen que el rococó se manifiesta en algunos retablos de Lima y Trujillo de finales del siglo XVIII como decoración, se ha hecho poco por investigar cómo este estilo llegó al virreinato. Este artículo identifica unas fuentes impresas francesas y alemanas (de la ciudad de Augsburgo) y considera la manera como los artistas locales las utilizaron. También compara el tratamiento de los adornos rococó y sus formas en Trujillo con la manera en que esas formas son tratados en el Cono Sur (actual Argentina y Chile). Aunque ambas áreas se nutrieron de las mismas fuentes, los retablos del Cono Sur con frecuencia fueron obra de artistas inmigrantes (especialmente de habla alemana), mientras que los del norte fueron hechos en su mayor parte por artesanos criollos.  Abstract The impact of rococo has been traditionally overlooked in the retablos of Peru. Although scholars recognized that rococo appeared on certain retablos of late-18th century Lima and Trujillo as decoration, little effort has been made to investigate how the style reached the viceroyalty. This article identifies printed sources from France and Germany (Augsburg) and considers how artists used them. It also compares the treatment of rococo motifs and forms in Trujillo with the way those forms are treated in the Cono Sur (present-day Argentina and Chile). Although the same sources were used in both areas, the retablos of the Cono Sur were frequently made by immigrants (especially from German-speaking lands) while those in the north were usually made by criollo craftsmen.

The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (1880-1910)

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Salahudeen Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Intellectual Honesty ◽  
The People ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
External Threat ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

The history of Islam in part of what is known today as Nigeria datesto about the loth Century. Christianity dates to the late 18th Century. Bythe middle of the 19th Century, when Nigerian newspapers began to appearon the streets of Nigeria, both religions had won so many followers and extendedto so many places in Nigeria that very few areas were untouched bytheir influence. The impact of both religions on their adherents not only determinedtheir spiritual life, but influenced their social and political lives aswell. It therefore became inevitable that both religions receive coverage frommost of the newspapers of the time. How the newspapers as media of informationand communication reported issues about the two religions is thetheme of this paper.Rationale for the StudyThe purpose of this study is to highlight the context in which such earlynewspapers operated and the factors that dictated their performance. Thisis because it is assumed that when a society faces external threat to its territory,culture, and independence, all hands (the press inclusive) ought tobe on deck to resist the threat with all might. Were newspapers used as verbalartillery and how did they present each religion? It is also assumed thatin a multireligious society a true press should be objective and serve as avanguard in the promotion of the interest of the people in general and notcreate or foster an atmosphere of religious conflict. The study also aims atfinding out whether the papers promoted intellectual honesty and fosteredthe spirit of unity particularly when the society was faced with the encroachmentof the British who posed a threat to their freedom, culture, economy ...

scholarly journals Néhány megjegyzés Heltai imádságos könyvének utóéletéről

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
The Way

Although in recent years there has been an upsurge in the research of the history of early modern spirituality, this research has paid hardly any attention to the Unitarian denomination. The reasons for this lie beyond the scope of the present study: between the late 16th century and the late 18th century the denomination had to refrain from the use of printing, and thus, the manuscript versions of prayer texts were threatened by loss and destruction. It is a unique paradox, however, that the first edited protestant Hungarian prayer book of considerable length was published precisely by this denomination in 1570/1571. The first part of the paper explores the concept of the prayer book based on Johann Habermann’s famous Gebetbüchlein, and compares it to the greatest achievements of the same sort within this period, the Catholic Péter Pázmány’s and the Calvinist Albert Szenci Molnár’s works. This section is followed by a survey of the vivid reception of Heltai’s work, with particular focus on the way the Unitarian author’s work was used in the Lutheran community of Lőcse. The concluding part argues that building on the foundations of this tradition, as well as on the heritage of Calvinist prayer culture, an unparalleled Unitarian prayer literature developed in the 17th-18th centuries, which deserves the attention of comparative research.

the sentimental lives of international lawyers

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-54
Author(s):  
Gerry Simpson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Final Section ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
English Novel ◽  
International Lawyer ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Way

If, to adapt a well-known international legal aphorism, international law is what international lawyers are, what, then, is an international lawyer? This chapter stages an answer to this question in three acts. In the first, it considers the absence of ‘life’ in the writing of international law and especially the way in which most international lawyers position themselves as a ‘person from nowhere’. In the second act, it documents and re-describes a recent move towards biography or micro-history or ‘life’ in the field of international law. In the final section, it describes four sentimental vices found in international legal work and reads these vices alongside the sentimentality of the late 18th-century ‘sentimental’ English novel before suggesting that there is a sentimental life available to international lawyers, through which they might weave a path between teariness (with the attendant risks of cheap sentimentality) and a too-cool dispassion (that is in danger of lapsing into an alienated technocracy).

scholarly journals Empowerment of Love for Jane Austen’s Females: A Case of Creativity in Familiarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Assia Alhasan ◽  
Noritah Omar
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Mansfield Park ◽  
Women's Voice ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Women's Equality ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this qualitative study is to explore unfamiliar concepts presented in familiar contexts in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813) and Mansfield Park (1814). Also, it intends to examine Austen’s creativity in unfamiliar concepts such as women’s freedom of choice and education from a feminist perspective. This study is significant for shedding light on the empowerment of love decision, females’ self-awareness and women’s voice presented in conventional systems. In addition, it will help feminists to figure out the feminism issues reflected in Austen’s work. Further, this study addresses the question of unfamiliar concepts in Austen’s familiar contexts and identify the impact of decision making on women’s equality. The researcher uses textual analysis to discuss main themes and address research questions. The findings of the study show that Austen best novels preached out women’s emancipation of so-called marriage-market. Also, the result indicates that women of her time postulated love in marriage for achieving self- recognition and self-esteem through creative technique of familiarizing unfamiliar concepts. Therefore, it introduces new thread to Austen studies by examining how Austen familiarized her readers unconsciously with modern concepts at the late 18th century in societal and cultural respects. This study recommends that further investigations be conducted in this regard.

scholarly journals From frontier military post to Hong Ngu district-level town

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Truong Kim Do
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
District Level ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sea Area

Hong Ngu Town is currently the only town of Dong Thap Province. Place name Hung Ngu dates back from early times and was officially recorded in many of Nguyen Dysnasty’s historical records. The place name Hong Ngu originated from Hung Ngu which was the name of the Nguyen Lords’ army troup assigned to guard the border and to collect taxes. The place where the Nguyen Lords’s army troup stationed was named Bao Hung Ngu. The land was garrisoned by the army troup of the same name. Through long-time contact, the land’s name was set as Hung Ngu. For convenience of sound pronunciation, “hung” was pronounced a little bit inclined to “hong”; thereby, “hung ngu” to “hong ngu”. The place name Hung Ngu (now called Hong Ngu) may have been formed in the late 18th Century or the early 19th Century. Bao Hung Ngu troup originally stationed at Rach Doc Vang rivulet mouth (at Thanh Binh rural district), then moved to the lower shore of Hiep An river, now is the Mekong resort of Dong Thap Tourist Company. Over 200 years, Hong Ngu constantly developed. It took 85 years sharp for the frontier military post in the Nguyen Lords’ times to become an administrative unit at rural district level (1029); now it has been the district-level town of the province for 5 years (2009-2014). The paper points out the continuity of the formation and development process as mentioned above. Hong Ngu continues to rise to become an urban area and the clue of an economic focal point of the North of Dong Thap Province, and towards the near future, a city in the sea area.

scholarly journals Populism in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
Foundational Work ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

Donald Trump’s victory in the US 2016 presidential election awakened many US scholars to the existence of populism. However, the study of populism is old news for political scientists in Latin America and other regions. Since at least the 1960s, scholars in these regions have dealt with key conceptual, methodological, and theoretical issues in the study of populism, covering instances of populism that have appeared since the inception of liberal, representative democracy in the late 18th century. This wealth of scholarship is an aid to mainstream scholars in the United States and other wealthy democracies as they grapple with the impact of populist forces, providing them with tools for measuring populism and for studying its causes and consequences. However, there are also lessons for scholars in regions that have studied populism much longer. This is especially true for Latin America. Senior Latin Americanists who engage with populism have a tendency to rely on older approaches and methods that have not withstood empirical tests in other regions. Some researchers are unaware that comparative, cross-regional scholarship has arrived at a rough consensus about the nature of populist ideas, and that the cross-regional study of populist discourse has moved beyond the anti-positivist bent of some early work. Thus, this bibliography walks a fine line between highlighting the foundational work of earlier scholars, particularly those studying Latin America, while introducing current Latin Americanists to the work being done outside the region. A concluding section highlights the unique scholarly contributions to the study of populism in the United States, contributions that provide an important touchstone to Latin Americanists, not to mention mainstream scholars in the United States.

scholarly journals Grundtvigs indflydelse på den tidlige danske nationalisme

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Lorenz Rerup
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The 19Th Century

Grundtvig’s Position in Early Danish NationalismBy Lorenz RerupThe article deals with Grundtvig’s important position in Early Danish nationalism, i.e., in the decades from about 1800 to 1830. The background is the Danish Monarchy from the prosperous years at the turn of the century to the disastrous war 1807-1814, the loss of Norway in 1814, and the following needy postwar time. After 1814 the Danish Monarchy consisted of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, the North-Atlantic Islands (the Faeroes and Greenland) and some minor colonies. The ideology which integrated the higher ranks of these heterogeneous ethnic groups of the Monarchy into one society was a patriotism underlining peace and order in the realm, the importance of just government and - before 1807 - the protection provided by the Danish navy.The patriotism of the Monarchy was compatible with various feelings of identity which bred in different parts of it from about 1750. The Danes, living in an old kingdom, equipped with a written language, with a complete educational system, and with a history of their own, of course, had a feeling of a Danish identiy, as the German speaking population of the Duchies had a corresponding feeling of an identity of their own. Clashes of these different identities might happen but were not connected with political ideas. The state was run by the king, not by the people, and a public opinion about politics was not allowed - and was almost non-existent - before the announcement of the Advisory Estates Assemblies in 1831. Now nationalism spread and soon undermined the supranational Monarchy, which finally disintegrated in 1864.However, in the first decades of the 18th century and influenced by the ideas of Romanticism a few poets, first of all Grundtvig, developed a literary national movement without political aims. In the writings of these poets the Danes - the whole people - have a real chance to make history if they abandon their superficial life and revive the virtues and piety of the great periods in Danish history. Like political nationalists these poets propagate this kind of revival. Their attempt failed. People were still divided into a ’high’ and a ’broad’ culture and some decades had to pass until the latter one felt the need of an ideology in order to be integrated into society. Nevertheless, Grundtvig seems to be a kind of link between the patriotic ideology of the 18th and the political nationalism of the 19th century.

scholarly journals New technologies` impact on workforce and labor law

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Jessica Bayón Pérez ◽  
Andrés J. Arenas Falótico ◽  
José Lominchar
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Production Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
The Way

If we look back, evaluating the last two centuries, the productive environments of our societies have experienced several industrial revolutions that caused great changes in production and that, in turn, generated important changes in societies at all times. Likewise, the digital transformation that has been incorporated into the bases of companies, each one in its measure, has not yet reached its maximum potential, but it has changed the way we live and, therefore, the way we work. Historically, automation has come from the hand of specialization, not because of the manufacture of tractors the land has been stopped, but more has been produced and that production has been managed in favor of employment and economic health. Technological transformations hand in hand with digitalization and artificial intelligence generate opportunities, but they also represent a threat to a good part of traditional jobs and professions, since changes are rapid and the impact of new technologies is much greater; thus, the change in the training and qualification of workers is necessary. Like the looms in the 18th century and the production models at the beginning of the 20th, digital transformation is our present, but it will be much more powerful in the future, as it entails and will entail a redefinition of the labor market and the law that governs it. regulates. Globalization and technological changes have generated a need to address labor law from a global perspective; Furthermore, this right must not only be active, but also effective, solid, in accordance with international decent work standards.

‘Lowthian’ Linguistics across the North Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsbert Rutten
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The North ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Prescriptive Grammar ◽  
International Comparative

Summary This paper focuses on Dutch grammar-writing in the 18th century so as to put the linguistic works of Robert Lowth (1710–1787) in an international, comparative perspective. It demonstrates that certain characteristics of the “Lowthian” approach to grammar and of 18th-century English linguistics in general are parallelled by similar developments in the history of Dutch linguistics. The transition from normative grammar to prescriptive grammar which characterises the English late 18th century has a counterpart in the Dutch development from ‘civil’ to national grammar. Lowth’s recognition of different stylistic levels with corresponding levels of grammatical acceptability has a Dutch counterpart as well. The transition towards prescriptivism and the relevance of different stylistic levels are closely connected, which is exemplified by a case study on the treatment of adnominal inflection in 18th-century grammars of Dutch.

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