scholarly journals A Study of Alienation in Toni Morrison’s Sula: Passive Patriarchy, Marriage and Female Friendship

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Dr. Shabeer Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Mahmood ◽  
Sajid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Female Bonding ◽  
Social Pressures ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Healing Power

This paper discusses the theme of alienation and female friendship in black women in Toni Morrison’s fiction. The female bonding is a possible way to deal with alienation which is caused by various factors as racial and social discriminations. This female bonding provides back women necessary support for mutual growth and assists them in combating various social pressures. However, it is argued here that this female friendship of black women in Morrison suffers from alienation in the long run. While foregrounding the healing power of female bonding which may allow women to survive under exploitation of various kinds, this paper brings for an argument that this female companionship nevertheless is corrupted by the power of explicit or implicit patriarchal forces working under the umbrella of social institutions of class and marriage. Hence the black women need to be on guard against all those forces which endanger the consistency of their mutual companionship.

scholarly journals An Intersection of Racism and Sexism in Toni Morrison’s Sula

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Samrakshika Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Female Empowerment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
Female Bonding ◽  
Women's Relationships ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzes female friendship in Sula and also focuses on the impact of race, class and gender on women’s relationships. The novel emphasizes how women face the challenges of patriarchal institutions and other attempts to subjugate through polygamy, constraints of tradition, caste prejudice and political instability. Thus, the chief aim of this study is to show how the black women are treated unfairly and suffer from male domination within their community also. The study portrays the healing powers of female bonding, which allows women to overcome prejudice and survival, to enjoy female empowerment, selfhood establishment and to extend female friendship into female solidarity that participates in nation building. However, another conclusion focuses on the patriarchy which constitutes a threat to female bonding and usually causes women’s estrangement.   

FEATURES OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT OF PRE-INVESTIGATIVE INVESTIGATION BODIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Denys GIULMAGOMEDOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Run

At the present stage of development, organizations play a leading role in society. Organizations are multifaceted and widely represented in various forms, such as enterprises, non-profit organizations, public authorities, associations of citizens or communities, international legal, economic, social institutions, police or security agencies, scientific societies, and so on. Most organizations today operate in a competitive environment that requires them to constantly develop and improve. The winner is the one who acts prudently and effectively. In this aspect, the strategic management of the organization’s development is critical to its existence in a competitive environment in the long run. The article substantiates the difference between the dynamics of organizational development of pre-trial investigation bodies from business organizations due to the lack of competition as the main determinant of such development. A comparative analysis of the definitions of strategy, strategic management and organizational development is presented in order to identify the specifics of strategic management of organizational development. Through a systematic analysis of regulations that define the main tasks of pre-trial investigation bodies, the strategic goals of such bodies are identified, which should be taken into account when developing their development strategy. On the basis of the presented material the author’s definition of the concept of strategic management of development of bodies of pre-judicial investigation is offered. Based on the analysis, the European Foundation for Quality Management and 7s McKinsey’s contemporary evaluation models identify the main trends in organizational development, which in the future should be taken into account by pre-trial investigation bodies when developing their own development strategies. Conclusions are made about the prospects of further research in this direction.

scholarly journals Sources of Earnings Differentials Among Migrants and Natives

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 939-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ather Maqsood Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Earnings Differential ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Capital Endowment ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Human Capital Endowment

The theory of human capital postulates that earnings of different categories of workers, be they male or female, black or white, unionised or non-unionised depend on the level of human capital endowment of these individuals [Becker (1964) and Mineer (1974)]. Besides educational attainment and on-the-job experience, part of the earnings differential, at lest in the short run, can also result from market imperfections such as restrictions on factor mobility or other artificial distortions. However, despite concerted efforts by public and social institutions to remove social injustice, the automatic .long run market clearance as envisaged by classical economists is not always there. It is not uncommon to find workers with identical background and skills receiving differentials treatment in terms of wages and other rewards. This suggests that unobservable personal characteristics are also positively valued at the market and that the market has a "taste" for discrimination.! The theory of discrimination thus hypothesises that differential wages ,can exit if market differentiates and treats distinct categories of workers on the basis of race, gender or similar categorisations [Becker (1957)].

Modernisation of Ukrainian society: The current state, challenges and prospects from experts’ standpoint

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The paper provides a deeper understanding of the modernisation-driven processes taking place in Ukraine nowadays. Answers to the following questions have been analysed: a) What is the impact of these processes on the economic, political and socio-cultural domains of Ukrainian society? b) How well are different areas / aspects of social life in this country modernised so far? c) How significant is the contribution of different power structures and social institutions to modernisation in Ukraine? d) What seems to impede this process the most? The data of an expert survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (May–June 2019) constituted the empirical basis for the analysis. The survey participants were also asked to reflect on a country (-ies) whose experience in implementing modernisation-oriented reforms Ukraine might draw upon. The author notes that transformation processes occurring in our country often do not follow a consistent pattern. What will be the goal / tasks of necessary change remains an open question. Finally, it is suggested that the attribute of modernisation should be defined as a successful transformation facilitating progressive development. The main problems in the process of modernization are corruption, the unwillingness of the majority of the population to modernize, the inability of political forces to initiate this process, lack of understanding of the need for integrated implementation of these reforms, taking into account all spheres of public life. A very important issue of modernization is establishing a constructive dialogue between the authorities and the society, and between individual social groups and layers. These problems should be the object of scientific research to reflect on ways of developing the national economy in the long run.

SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS IN THE ONLINE TEACHING-LEARNING INITIATED IN KERALA AT THE PANDEMIC OUTBREAK OF COVID-19

Ensemble ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol SP-1 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Ajithlal V ◽  
◽  
Naseema C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Target Population ◽  
School Management ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Program Challenges

In the pandemic outbreak of Covid-19, the social institutions altogether are facing a dilemma. The prolonged and necessitated social distancing insists the educational institutions take over the online platform for the teaching-learning program. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of demographic factors like age, gender, school management, and teaching level on the satisfaction of teachers in the recently initiated teaching-learning program in Kerala, India. The study aimed at the satisfaction of teachers in three components. The study employed a mixed methodology. Data is collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire prepared and validated by the investigators. The target population consists of school teachers in Kerala, India. Purposive random sampling was used for the collection of data from 252 teachers. The results showed that the majority of the teachers are satisfied with the program. The study identified no significant dependence on age, gender, and school management type with the satisfaction of teachers in the recently initiated teaching-learning program but a substantial relation to the teaching level. The findings on positive outcomes in online teaching and learning practices can foster the well administration of the program. Challenges in the online context indicated the need for improvement in infrastructure and cognitive support. Recommendations are made to equip the program in the long run.

Caste Systems and Technology in Premodern Societies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labor Specialization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Early Phases ◽  
Endogamous Group

This chapter sheds new light on the effects of social institutions on long-run development. In particular, it explores the impact of caste systems during the early phases of economic and demographic development through how the systems influenced the possibilities for labor specialization. Based on data for precolonial social organization across different ethnicities, the chapter provides novel evidence that supports the hypothesis that caste systems were indeed conducive to specialization and technological sophistication. The hypothesis builds on the idea that caste systems, by promoting strong ties of solidarity and cooperation within groups, might have facilitated and accelerated the process of labor specialization and technological advancement. Moreover, the endogamous group might have represented the natural basin from which to recruit labor for extending production beyond the family unit.

On the rate of Sickness and Mortality amongst the Members of Friendly Societies in France

1855 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-220
Author(s):  
Samuel Brown
Keyword(s):  
Free Association ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Friendly Societies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Good Order

It is not without some degree of pride, that we recall the fact that England has taken the lead in fostering and extending those social institutions which appear destined to carry out the beneficent design of procuring the greatest possible amount of happiness for the greatest possible number. She has not been afraid to encourage a spirit of self reliance in the mass of the people, and to allow her working classes to associate freely in the effort to equalize the uncertainties of life, so that those who may have a little better fortune than the average may assist those who have a little less. Now and then, indications may have been observed of fear amongst the ruling powers lest this free association should be used for political purposes, and doctrines dangerous to the Government or the good order of society be thereby enabled to circulate too easily amongst classes who may have real wrongs to redress or fancied rights to assert; but, in the long run, good sense has prevailed, and Government has fortunately perceived that Friendly Societies for mutual aid in sickness or want, and other associations for bettering the condition of the working classes, gave them a direct interest in the preservation of the public peace, and formed by their very principles the antidote to the fears they had excited.

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