scholarly journals Design for Deconstruction: Futuristic Sustainable Solution for Structural Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Ghalib
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Floor System

The aim of this research is to investigate the sustainability of design for deconstruction on saving: natural raw materials, embodied energy and carbon emission of steel buildings. A methodology is devised to account for designed for upcoming reclaim at the early planning phase. The procedure is relied on PAS2050 method. A steel structure building of two bays of size (6m x 8m) and of 4m height is devoted as a case study to assess the methodology. In this case study, three different floor systems are suggested: composite steel deck, hollow core precast concrete planks, and demountable precast composite floor system. The reduced quantity of embodied carbon energy is estimated through considering the steel building. The calculation of embodied carbon of the three models is relied on records of the Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE). The results show that CO2 emissions from the building can be dropped around 50%, when design for deconstruction strategy is considered. Design standards and codes lack a little procedure to follow. Therefore, this study also outlines some helpful specifications, guidelines, and detailing of design for deconstruction of steel buildings.

scholarly journals Sustainability Perspective to Support Decision Making in Structural Retrofitting of Buildings: A Case Study

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rui A. F. Oliveira ◽  
Jorge P. Lopes ◽  
Maria Isabel Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Building Retrofit ◽  
Building Market ◽  
Structural Option ◽  
Support Decision Making

The reuse of existing materials in buildings can give a contribution to sustainable practices such as a balance in embodied energy, water, and emission reduction. However, it is not always possible to maintain the existing structural materials because some different technical variables could hamper their usability, namely seismic reinforcement needs, fire safety protection, conservation state, and new legal requirements. The paper follows a case study approach for assessing the technical and environmental performances of structural options for old building retrofitting works. All structural options were analyzed through the results of several categories of environmental impact. Some parameters of a retrofitting management system were also used to frame in a comprehensive way the technical constraints pertaining to building retrofitting works. The structural option choice was taken by the owner with the contribution of the design team and the construction manager of the construction project as well as the results of interviews with other construction professionals, considering the variables related to technical suitability and environmental impact. The results of the study show that the steel structure is the solution that best addresses the technical constraints of the building retrofit works and minimizes environmental impact. The results of the study also suggest that the consideration of other variables other than the technical ones can contribute to the effective functioning of the renovation subsegment of the building market. Some suggestions for further studies to enhance the results of this work are put forward.

scholarly journals Environmental and Economic Analysis of Selected Pavement Preservation Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Zulu ◽  
Rajendra P. Singh ◽  
Farai Ada Shaba
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Pavement Preservation ◽  
Maintenance Service ◽  
The Cost

Pavements are one of the highest assets and represent massive investment. The need to design and provide a sustainable maintenance service is becoming a priority and this comes mutually with the intentions to reduce impacts caused by maintenance treatments to the environment. This paper through a case study presents a Life Cycle Cost and Assessment technique during a 30 year analysis period to measure the cost effectiveness, embodied energy and carbon emissions of selected preservation treatments. These treatments can either be applied separately or in combination during the preventive maintenance of road pavements. This study entails three life cycle phases of material extraction and production, transportation and construction of maintenance activities. Through a literature review, raw materials energy and emission inventory data was averaged followed by the analysis of the equipment involved by using the specific fuel consumption to calculate the energy and emissions spent by the machine and finally the selected treatment energy and emissions was computed. Results show that preservation treatments can have an LCC of 30-40 % and embodied energy and carbon emission of 3-6 times lower than the traditional approach. This study bridges gaps in literature on integrated evaluation of environmental and economic aspects of preservation treatments.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATE THE CARBON FOOTPRINTS OF THREE INTERMEDIATE FLOORING SYSTEMS: CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER, SOLID CONCRETE, AND HOLLOW-CORE PRECAST CONCRETE

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jenan Abu qadourah ◽  
Ala’a Al-Falahat ◽  
Saad Alrwashdeh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Cross Laminated Timber ◽  
Detached House ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Floor System

This paper evaluates and compares the embodied energy and embodied carbon using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach for three different intermediate floor structures, all of which use prefabricated materials—cross-laminated timber (CLT), precast hollow-core concrete, and solid concrete—to decide which floor construction materials have less environmental impact for use in the construction of a semi-detached house in the UK. The Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) and the Carbon Calculator tool were used to calculate the carbon footprint from “cradle to grave” to determine whether the use of a CLT solution provides improved environmental performance over the traditional concrete solutions. The carbon footprint results indicate that the use of a hollow-core precast concrete floor system emits less carbon than the other two systems, although the concrete requires more fossil fuel input than the timber during the manufacturing process, so based on this, the footprint from cradle to gate for the timber was expected to be the less than that of the concrete. However, the results show the opposite; this is because of the differences in the material quantities needed in each system.

scholarly journals Implementation of Value Engineering in Iraq Opportunities and Obstacles (Case Study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Haj Ismail ◽  
◽  
Abdalla Mahamad Alhamdany ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Engineering Management ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Engineering Technique ◽  
The University ◽  
Better Than

The performance of the construction sector in Iraq suffers both price fluctuations and inaccurate estimations. Thus, the need for the development of engineering management is of paramount importance. The main objective of this study is to investigate the possibilities for implementing value engineering technique as a tool of construction management in Iraq. Moreover, to develop an overarching framework for the decision-making in construction projects. Analysing an actual case study, the Islamic sciences college at the University of Fallujah, highlighted that the value engineering is an applicable strategy in Iraq since its clear, concise, and obtaining results rapidly. A better alternative was suggested increasing durability and decreasing time and cost consumption. A precast concrete system slightly better than the steel structure due to the factors and conditions of the market. As a result, enhancing rigidity, thermal and sound isolation and code compatibility were the most essential criteria to be considered in such cases.

The Effect of Consecutive Earthquakes on a Composite Structure Utilising RBRFs

2018 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusak Oktavianus ◽  
Helen Goldsworthy ◽  
Emad Gad ◽  
Saman Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Capacity Design ◽  
Post Tensioning ◽  
Rare Earthquake

Low-damage technologies have been developed in recent years which limit the damage imposed on structural elements when a building is subjected to a very rare earthquake event. This has been achieved by a capacity design approach applied to the connections in which the ductile part of the connections yields and all other structural elements remain elastic. Examples of low-damage connections are the sliding hinge joint in steel buildings and variations associated with this, and a combination of a post-tensioning system and mild steel dissipater in precast concrete and timber buildings. A system developed by the authors uses replaceable buckling restrained fuses (RBRFs) that do not require a post-tensioning system to be used conjointly. This system has been studied both experimentally and numerically. This paper considers the use of RBRFs as an energy dissipation device installed at beam-column connections in composite moment-resistant frames. These RBRFs could be replaced after a major event, and hence would cause little disruption. A 2D building frame has been modelled for a case study and its behaviour under 100-year, 500-year and 2500-year return period earthquake events has been summarised. A consecutive earthquake with a return period of 500 years or 2500 years has been applied to the building following both 500-year and 2500-year return period earthquake events. This study was performed since there is a possibility that the consecutive earthquake would occur prior to the replacement of the RBRFs. The results show that the building could still sustain the consecutive earthquakes with little additional residual displacement.

scholarly journals Design for Deconstruction for Sustainable Composite Steel-Concrete Floor Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome F. Hajjar ◽  
Lizhong Wang ◽  
Mark D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Composite Action ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Headed Stud

Conventional steel-concrete composite floor systems utilizing steel headed stud anchors and metal decks are cost-effective and widely used solutions for non-residential multi-story buildings, due in part to their enhanced strength and stiffness relative to non-composite systems. Because these systems use steel headed stud anchors welded onto steel flanges and encased in cast-in-place concrete slabs to achieve composite action, it is not possible to readily deconstruct and reuse the steel beams and concrete slabs. As the building industry is moving towards sustainability, there are clear needs for developing sustainable steel-concrete composite floor systems to facilitate material reuse, minimize consumption of raw materials, and reduce end-of-life building waste. This paper presents the behavior and design strategies for a sustainable steel-concrete composite floor system. In this system, deconstructable clamping connectors are utilized to attach precast concrete planks to steel beams to achieve composite action. The load-slip behavior of the clamping connectors was studied in pushout tests, and the test results showed that the clamping connectors possess similar shear strength to 19 mm diameter shear studs and much greater slip capacity. Four full-scale beam tests were performed to investigate the flexural behavior of the deconstructable composite beams under gravity loading and validate the connector behavior attained from the pushout tests. All the beams behaved in a ductile manner. The flexural strengths of the composite beam specimens closely match the strengths predicted for composite beams by the design provisions of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC).

scholarly journals Innovative Lightweight Cold-Formed Steel-Concrete Composite Floor System – LWT-FLOOR project

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (3) ◽  
pp. 032078
Author(s):  
Ivan Lukačević ◽  
Ivan Ćurković ◽  
Andrea Rajić ◽  
Ivan Čudina
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Steel Members ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Floor System ◽  
High Degree

Abstract To provide the foundations for economic and social prosperity, countries worldwide need to be making a term investment in their building assets. However, there is a lack of a systematic approach, such as manufacturing innovations, to maximize the values of building components and materials in its entire lifecycle. Steel-concrete composite floor systems are one of the most cost-effective construction systems for multi-storey steel buildings because they combine structural efficiency with the speed of construction. These advantages depend on the efficiency of combining steel and concrete structural elements to avoid their inherent disadvantages. This paper presents a solution that integrates state-of-the-art knowledge in new, fast and productive spot-welding technology and innovative cold-formed steel-concrete composite solutions. The solution proposes a new construction method as a combination of built- up cold-formed steel members and cast-in-place concrete slab. The proposed floor system offers key benefits in terms of a high degree of prefabrication, reusability and long spanning capability.

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document