The challenge to design a state of the art greenfield sugar refinery – an African experience

2016 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Thomas Stark ◽  
Robert Emeis
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Energy Concept ◽  
African Experience ◽  
Sugar Refinery ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evaporation Unit

Numerous requirements are the challenge designing a state of the art sugar refinery. Local conditions have to be considered, starting from the landscape features, the size of the available plot of land and its infrastructure as well as the availability, quality and price of water and energy carriers. For most process steps, various technologies are available. It is necessary to make an ideal choice, one that harmonizes best with the location and the project parameters. Decisions such as whether to install a steam or gas turbine, the installation of a single or multi effect evaporation unit or the best juice purification concept have to be made as well as thoughts given to a possible sugar conditioning and the storage system, etc. This paper, with reference to a green-field refinery in Lagos Nigeria designed in detail by IPRO, describes the essential decision making steps concerning the definition of process technology and energy concept of the plant. The main technologies as well as the layout will be explained, considering future extensions. Qualified value added design and the application of modern tools are prerequisites for success and minimize the demand of time and cost for the construction phase quite considerably.

Systematic Literature Review on Smart Mobility: A Framework for Future “Quantitative” Developments

2021 ◽  
pp. 088541222199424
Author(s):  
Mauro Francini ◽  
Lucia Chieffallo ◽  
Annunziata Palermo ◽  
Maria Francesca Viapiana
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Definition Of

This work aims to reorganize theoretical and empirical research on smart mobility through the systematic literature review approach. The research goal is to reach an extended and shared definition of smart mobility using the cluster analysis. The article provides a summary of the state of the art that can have broader impacts in determining new angles for approaching research. In particular, the results will be a reference for future quantitative developments for the authors who are working on the construction of a territorial measurement model of the smartness degree, helping them in identifying performance indicators consistent with the definition proposed.

Biomass pyrolysis technologies for value-added products: a state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Amenaghawon ◽  
Chinedu L. Anyalewechi ◽  
Charity O. Okieimen ◽  
Heri Septya Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Value Added Products

scholarly journals Sub-THz and THz SiGe HBT Electrical Compact Modeling

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397
Author(s):  
Bishwadeep Saha ◽  
Sebastien Fregonese ◽  
Anjan Chakravorty ◽  
Soumya Ranjan Panda ◽  
Thomas Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Silicon Germanium ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Compact Modeling ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Sige Hbt ◽  
Frequency Behavior

From the perspectives of characterized data, calibrated TCAD simulations and compact modeling, we present a deeper investigation of the very high frequency behavior of state-of-the-art sub-THz silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) fabricated with 55-nm BiCMOS process technology from STMicroelectronics. The TCAD simulation platform is appropriately calibrated with the measurements in order to aid the extraction of a few selected high-frequency (HF) parameters of the state-of-the-art compact model HICUM, which are otherwise difficult to extract from traditionally prepared test-structures. Physics-based strategies of extracting the HF parameters are elaborately presented followed by a sensitivity study to see the effects of the variations of HF parameters on certain frequency-dependent characteristics until 500 GHz. Finally, the deployed HICUM model is evaluated against the measured s-parameters of the investigated SiGe HBT until 500 GHz.

scholarly journals Research and development projects fuzzy definition in the university context

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kuchta
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Fuzzy Theory ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose – research on R&D projects implemented at universities shows that many researchers feel that the requirements set on R&D project definition in the process of calls for projects brake the innovativeness and the freedom of research. Thus, the objective of the paper is to propose a soft, fuzzy set based method of R&D project definition, which would allow to evaluate projects in the stage of project calls, but at the same time would not act contrary to the research ideas of the most ingenious and innovative researchers. Research methodology – the proposal is based on the results of over 70 structured interviews with R&D project managers from Polish and French universities. The respondents expressed their critical opinion about the required definition of R&D projects in the application stage of most calls, suggested which elements should be improved and in which way. Most of them criticised the required detail level of projects description and emphasized the uncertainty present in their research. Then we propose to model this uncertainty by means of fuzzy sets. Findings – the result of the research presented in the paper is a new way of R&D project definition, based on the fuzzy theory, adjustable to each R&D project type. The new method of project definition will express the actual uncertainty and innovative potential of each R&D project and thus allow a selection of R&D projects which would maximise their contribution to the university and science development. Research limitations – the proposed approach needs to be validated and verified on the basis of a big sample of a real world R&D project, with the participation of a representative sample of researchers. Another limitation is a highly probable resistance against such an approach among the researchers and research funding institutions, as it requires a deep analysis of the planned research and its context. Practical implications – it is proposed that the method will be used by research funding institutions in project calls. This will increase the efficiency of financial resources spent on research, in terms of value-added per one dollar invested in the research. Originality/Value – the proposed method is the first approach to project definition based on fuzzy numbers and one of very few existing approaches to project definition taking uncertainty into account

scholarly journals Production of economic statistics for tourist accommodation services of Belo Horizonte under the flexible geography approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-221
Author(s):  
Caio César Soares Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Experimental Economic ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Tourist Accommodation

This paper aims to produce an experimental economic statistic for the tourist accommodation services for Belo Horizonte under a flexible geography perspective. The starting point is the definition of economic activities in the tourist accommodation concept. The methodology adopted is up-down divided into four steps including filtering processes to accompany the definition, discounts related to obtaining information only for the tourists and procedures for adjustments to the statistics always being compared to the official disclosures and respecting the sum of regions. This analysis revealed an erratic behaviour of the number of establishments in Belo Horizonte across the years and half of the workforce is concentrated in micro and small enterprises. The data from the perspective of the flexible geography allowed to verify where the almost R$ 86 million indicated by the value added of the tourist accommodations were located in 2015. Keywords: Economic Statistics. Economic Geography. Accommodation Services. Flexible Geography.

scholarly journals Smart Skin Envelope

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Romano
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Skin Envelope ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Smart Skin

The Smart Skin Envelope research analyses the recent revolution that has taken place in the sector of planning and production of smart skin components, made up of dynamic layers. The aim is to identify the technological, functional, qualitative and performance parameters that guide the decisions of the actors in the innovation process. It explores the factors that drive them to develop solutions and proposals designed to transform the envelope of the building from a static to a dynamic element, featuring interoperable components that can interact with the input from the outdoor and indoor environments, in relation to which the smart skin acts as a system of boundary and delimitation. The proposed research programme explores in particular the sector of Smart Envelopes, setting as its priority objective the identification and definition of the energy performance, both through analysis of the state of the art and through the development of a facade component that is dynamic in terms of the adaptive variability of its performance.

scholarly journals A Case Study on the Detection and Prognosis of Internal Leakages in Electro-Hydraulic Flight Control Actuators

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlo Bertolino ◽  
Andrea De Martin ◽  
Giovanni Jacazio ◽  
Massimo Sorli
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Particle Filtering ◽  
Health Management ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Prognostic System ◽  
Hydraulic Servo ◽  
Definition Of

Electro-hydraulic servo-actuators (EHSAs) are currently considered the state-of-the art solution for the control of the primary flight control systems of civil and military aircraft. Combining the expected service life of a commercial aircraft with the fact that electro-hydraulic technology is employed in the vast majority of currently in-service aircraft and is planned to be used on future platforms as well, the development of an effective Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) system could provide significant advantages to fleet operators and aircraft maintenance, such as the reduction of unplanned flight disruptions and increased availability of the aircraft. The occurrence of excessive internal leakage within the EHSAs is one of the most common causes of return from the field of flight control actuators, making this failure mode a priority in the definition of any dedicated PHM routine. This paper presents a case study on the design of a prognostic system for this degradation mode, in the context of a wider effort toward the definition of a prognostic framework suitable to work on in-flight data. The study is performed by means of a high-fidelity simulation model supported by experimental activities. Results of both the simulation and the experimental work are used to select a suitable feature, then implemented within the prognostic framework based on particle filtering. The algorithm is at first theoretically discussed, and then tested against several degradation patterns. Performances are evaluated through state-of-the-art metrics, showing promising results and providing the basis towards future applications on real in-flight data.

scholarly journals Professional Opinions And Attitudes On Tax Policy In Bosnia And Herzegovina With A Special Focus On The Federation Of Bosnia And Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Lazović-Pita ◽  
Ana Štambuk
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Efficiency Principle ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This research is based on tax policy opinion survey data collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) among tax experts. A special focus of the survey was to investigate the consequences of the different institutional environments that exist between the two entities of the country. After having reviewed all previous tax reforms in B&H, the most interesting results suggest that respondents agree on the introduction of a progressive personal income tax (PIT) and excise duty on luxury products, the maintenance of personal and family allowances and the maintenance of the current value added tax (VAT) and corporate income tax (CIT) rates. However, differences exist in the respondents’ perceptions about the introduction of reduced VAT rates, the regressivity of the VAT, and giving priority to the equity principle over the efficiency principle in taxation. Probability modelling highlighted these differences and indicated inconsistencies in the definition of the PIT tax base, namely the comprehensiveness of the PIT base under the S-H-S definition of income.

Visual Saliency and Perceptual Quality Assessment of 3D Meshes

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-115
Author(s):  
Anass Nouri ◽  
Christophe Charrier ◽  
Olivier Lezoray
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Saliency Detection ◽  
Visual Saliency ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
The State ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Adaptive Smoothing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mesh Database

This chapter concerns the visual saliency and the perceptual quality assessment of 3D meshes. Firstly, the chapter proposes a definition of visual saliency and describes the state-of-the-art methods for its detection on 3D mesh surfaces. A focus is made on a recent model of visual saliency detection for 3D colored and non-colored meshes whose results are compared with a ground-truth saliency as well as with the literature's methods. Since this model is able to estimate the visual saliency on 3D colored meshes, named colorimetric saliency, a description of the construction of a 3D colored mesh database that was used to assess its relevance is presented. The authors also describe three applications of the detailed model that respond to the problems of viewpoint selection, adaptive simplification and adaptive smoothing. Secondly, two perceptual quality assessment metrics for 3D non-colored meshes are described, analyzed, and compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.

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