Benchmarking and improving sugar recovery from final molasses

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Ross Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Close Approach ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Sugar Recovery ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Actual Loss ◽  
Design Experience ◽  
Sucrose Loss

The sucrose loss in final molasses in raw sugar manufacture is the largest loss. One factor that typically limits the extent of sucrose recovery from final molasses is that cooling crystallizers are high capital and maintenance cost items. The target purity of the final molasses is the commonly used benchmark to assess the effectiveness of exhaustion of final molasses. However, this benchmark does not relate to an actual loss of sucrose. A benchmark that calculates the Target Sucrose Loss (TSL) in molasses for the factory is proposed. Factories would aim to maintain the sucrose loss in final molasses to within 1 unit of the TSL. A close approach to the target purity is still required as part of the drive to achieve this result. An advantage of the TSL is that it considers the influence of the quantity of soluble impurities in the cane supply on the actual sucrose loss in molasses. Data from Australian factories are presented to demonstrate the application of the TSL. Several factors affecting the exhaustion of final molasses are discussed, including the effects of Cmassecuite purity, crystallizer station performance and shear rate on the massecuite within the crystallizers. Some Australian factories have recently refurbished horizontal, rotating coil crystallizers with designs incorporating fixed cooling elements and rotating paddles to provide high shear rate conditions and overcome maintenance issues associated with the coil design. Experience shows that the fixed-element design is an economical way to provide strong exhaustion performance.

Assessment of factors affecting maintenance cost of public school facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-546
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Hassanain ◽  
Mohammad Al-Zahrani ◽  
Abdullatif Abdallah ◽  
Ahmed M.Z. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
School Facilities ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Effective School ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Operations And Maintenance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the significance of various factors affecting maintenance costs of public school facilities. Design/methodology/approach Detailed literature review resulted in identifying 54 factors that were categorized under nine groups. This was followed by a questionnaire survey completed by 60 experienced professionals. The relative importance index was used to determine the in-group ranking, as well as the overall ranking of these factors. Findings The study established that the five most significant factors affecting the maintenance cost of public school facilities were “not providing operations and maintenance manuals to maintenance group” in the “construction phase” category, “ignoring maintainability studies in design” in the “design phase” category, “specification of low-quality materials” in the “design phase” category, “selection criteria of contractors” in the “regulations and contracting” category, and “lack of quality control during work execution” in the “construction phase” category. Originality/value The present research represents the first research covering the maintenance cost of public school facilities in Saudi Arabia. The study also presents the unique landscape of facility maintenance in the Saudi Arabian context. The outcome of this research has the potential to significantly cut down unnecessary costs rooted in expensive maintenance of public school facilities, enhancing the quality of these facilities. The findings also underscore the necessity of collaboration and coordination of the various key disciplines toward the realization of cost-effective school facilities.

Factors affecting housing maintenance cost in Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azlan‐Shah Ali ◽  
Syahrul‐Nizam Kamaruzzaman ◽  
Raha Sulaiman ◽  
Yong Cheong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Progress for On-Grid Renewable Energy Systems: Identification of Sustainability Factors for Small-Scale Hydropower in Rwanda

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Gasore ◽  
Helene Ahlborg ◽  
Etienne Ntagwirumugara ◽  
Daniel Zimmerle
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Generation Capacity

In Rwanda, most small-scale hydropower systems are connected to the national grid to supply additional generation capacity. The Rwandan rivers are characterized by low flow-rates and a majority of plants are below 5 MW generation capacity. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific overview of positive and negative factors affecting the sustainability of small-scale hydropower plants in Rwanda. Based on interviews, field observation, and secondary data for 17 plants, we found that the factors contributing to small-scale hydropower plant sustainability are; favorable regulations and policies supporting sale of electricity to the national grid, sufficient annual rainfall, and suitable topography for run-of-river hydropower plants construction. However, a decrease in river discharge during the dry season affects electricity production while the rainy season is characterized by high levels of sediment and soil erosion. This shortens turbine lifetime, causes unplanned outages, and increases maintenance costs. Further, there is a need to increase local expertise to reduce maintenance cost. Our analysis identifies environmental factors related to the amount and quality of water as the main current problem and potential future threat to the sustainability of small-scale hydropower. The findings are relevant for energy developers, scholars, and policy-makers in Rwanda and East Africa.

scholarly journals Microbially Powered Electrochemical Systems Coupled with Membrane-based Technology for Sustainable Desalination and Efficient Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 360-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishit Savla ◽  
Soumya Pandit ◽  
Namita Khanna ◽  
Abhilasha Singh Mathuriya ◽  
Sokhee P. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Electrochemical Systems ◽  
Cathodic Side ◽  
Value Added Products

Objective:Seawater has a potential for managing the intensive potable drinking water demand. The recentconventional desalinating technologies are environmentally unsustainable and energy intensive. Thus, in the quest to find an alternative to the traditional desalination technologies, microbial desalination cells (MDC) have come into limelight. MDCs are considered the promising technologies for treating wastewater while simultaneously producing electricity, which can be utilized for desalinating seawater along with production of some value added products. However, some technical limitations associated with the practical usage of MDCs are pH maintenance at the cathodic side, internal resistance along with membrane fouling and its durability.Methods:These challenges can be dealt by utilizing various integrated configurations.Results and Discussion:Based on the study, the conventional technologies require less operational and maintenance cost but also less environmentally sustainable in comparison to these integrated MDC configurations.Conclusion:This review summarizes the basic working principles of MDCs, its types and factors affecting its performance and also several other applications associated with MDCs. This review also highlights various integrated MDC configurations which can be utilized for reducing the limitations associated to the conventional MDC system.

Factors affecting maintenance cost of public buildings: case study of Tanzania Buildings Agency and National Housing Corporation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassim Slim Zeni ◽  
Geraldine John Kikwasi
Keyword(s):  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Housing Corporation ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
National Housing

PurposeThe state of public buildings in Tanzania exhibits evidence of a lack of maintenance and repair. Despite efforts to raise the performance of public buildings, little emphasis is placed on maintenance works and related factors affecting maintenance costs of public buildings, which are often high. This study aims to examine factors affecting maintenance costs of public buildings.Design/methodology/approachThis was a case study involving two government building agencies – Tanzania Buildings Agency (TBA) and National Housing Corporation (NHC). A total of 387 tenants and 29 experts participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Stata version 16 – descriptive statistics feature reporting absolute numbers and frequencies.FindingsBoth tenants and experts ranked building age, poor quality control, building material used, execution of work when it is urgent and inadequate financial resources as major factors affecting maintenance costs of public buildings. In the distinctive rating, tenants ranked resource management as a major factor, while experts ranked ignorance about the property of materials, misuse of buildings and faulty maintenance as major factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has some limitations such as geographical coverage which is limited to Dar es Salaam and Dodoma regions, hence missing information from other regions may have different experiences. Additionally, data were collected in a self-reported manner which could bring about information bias.Practical implicationsFindings of this study provide an insight on recent developments on the factors affecting maintenance cost of buildings using two cases of NHC and TBA which are single entities owning a substantial amount of housing units in Tanzania. Factors affecting the maintenance cost of public buildings identified in this study is a threshold for experts to devise strategies for minimizing maintenance costs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that assessed factors affecting maintenance cost in public buildings run by TBA and NHC from the tenant and expert perspectives.

Enhanced carbonatation and phosphatation clarification in a sugar refinery

2011 ◽  
pp. 552-554
Author(s):  
Emmanuel M. Sarir ◽  
Carlos Donado ◽  
Lukas Jaramill
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Recovery ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Raw Sugar ◽  
Sugar Refinery ◽  
Sugar Reduction

The use of patent pending high performance adsorbents from CarboUA in four sugar refineries achieved enhanced daily production rates, higher process efficiency and filterability improvement of syrups. Enhancements in carbonatation and phosphatation clarification, as well as further enhancements including the 2-stage addition of the absorbants in order to by-pass unit operations such as granular activated carbon or ion-exchange resin are possible. The benefits are based on improved final liquor colours, improved daily throughput of sugar solids, improved sugar recovery (t raw sugar/t refined sugar), reduction in the amount of syrups recycled in the white sugar house and reduction in energy consumption. The levels of decolourisation and savings on consumption of chemicals are presented. Refined sugar quality is improved.

scholarly journals Economic Aspects of Rice Combine Harvesting Service for Farmer in Northeast Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supaporn Poungchompu ◽  
Supawadee Chantanop
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
The Government

<p>Rice combine harvesting is popular among farmers due to a labor shortage and high wage labor. This condition impacts on the rapid expansion of business of rice combine harvester service. The objective of this research was to evaluate the service characteristics of rice combine harvester for farmer and factor affecting the use of combine harvester. Primary data was collected purposively 85 operators and randomly 729 farmers with statistic analysis. Results of the study indicated that the harvesting cost of 798.48 THB/rai for using a combine harvester in wet season is smaller than the cost of manual harvesting of 1,542.17 THB/rai. The important factors affecting the use of combine harvest were farmers’ education, farm size and family size. Net return from this service business is over 250 THB/rai or over 35 % of total profit that it is economic benefit for operators. But, the operators faced high cost of fuel and of repair and maintenance cost due to unskilled operation. Thus, the government should establish a network of harvester service operators as well as encourage more maintenance training for local operator in order to high utilization efficiency in rice combine harvester. Also, the government should support farmer to expand their farm sizes by the establishment of a group farmer to easy access the use of rice combine harvester and should give wider farmer awareness education for higher adoption of combine harvester use.</p>

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