scholarly journals CORRELATION OF P21 EXPRESSION IN HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGIC AND PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safana Sadaf ◽  
Asif Loya ◽  
Sajid Mushtaq ◽  
Noreen Akhter ◽  
Raza Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Depth Of Invasion ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: Head and neck tumours include tumours of nose, paranasal sinuses, oropharynx, larynx and mouth. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common head and neck malignant tumour which accounts for 90% of head and neck malignant tumours. p21 is an important immunohistochemical marker which has signi cant role in predicting prognosis of head and neck SCC (HNSCC). Increased p21 expression in HNSCC is associated with bad prognosis in terms of increased risk of nodal metastasis, increased rate of recurrence and decreased survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of p21 in HNSCC with various clinicopathologic and prognostic parametres. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patients (n = 110) of HNSCC (oral cavity n = 98 and laryngeal tumours n = 12) were included in the study which were diagnosed and treated between January 2008 and January 2011 at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan. Mean age was 51 years (age range 15–78). 65 (59%) were male and 45 (41%) were female. Tumours were classi ed as p21 positive when ≥10% tumour cells were immunoreactive for p21. p21 expression was noted and correlated with T-stage, nodal metastasis, perineural and depth of invasion, recurrence and 2-year survival rate. Results: Of 110 cases, p21-positive cases were 88 (80%) compared to 22 (20%) negative. T1–T2 tumours with p21 expression were 59 (67.04%) while 17 cases (77.27%) had negative for p21 (P = 0.44). Amongst T3–T4, 29 cases showed p21 expression (32.96%) while 5 cases (22.73%) were negative (P = 0.44). Nodal metastasis was seen in 51 cases (57.95%) with p21 positivity as compared to 4 cases (18.8%) with no p21 expression (P = 0.0015). Perineural invasion was seen in 15 carcinomas (17.04%) having p21 positivity and 1 case (4.54%) with p21 negativity (P = 0.18). 48 cases (54.54%) had depth of invasion >1 cm with positive p21 as compared to 4 cases (18.18%) without (P value = 0.0035). 39 cases (44.31%) showed recurrence along with p21 expression while 3 cases (13.63%) showed recurrence without (P = 0.0076). 2-year survival rate was 56.81% (n = 88) in p21 positive cases, whereas it was 90.90% (n = 20) those with negative p21 (P = 0.0026). Conclusion: Positive p21 expression in HNSCC correlates with intermediate grade, late stage, increased nodal metastasis, tumour recurrence and decreased survival. p21 should be considered as an important prognostic and predictive marker in HNSCC to detect tumours at early stage and to improve therapy and prognosis. Key words: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lymph node metastasis, p21, recurrence, survival rate 

Patient Choice of Nonsurgical Treatment Contributes to Disparities in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harman S. Parhar ◽  
Donald W. Anderson ◽  
Arif S. Janjua ◽  
J. Scott Durham ◽  
Eitan Prisman
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Nonsurgical Treatment ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Objectives There are well-established outcome disparities among different demographic groups with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to investigate the potential contribution of patient choice of nonsurgical treatment to these disparities by estimating the rate of this phenomenon, identifying its predictors, and estimating the effect on cancer-specific survival. Study Design Retrospective nationwide analysis. Settings Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (2004-2014). Subjects and Methods Patients with HNSCC, who were recommended for primary surgery, were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with patient choice of nonsurgical treatment, and Kaplan Meier/Cox regression was used to analyze survival. Results Of 114,506 patients with HNSCC, 58,816 (51.4%) were recommended for primary surgery, and of those, 1550 (2.7%) chose nonsurgical treatment. Those who chose nonsurgical treatment were more likely to be older (67.1 ± 12.6 vs 63.6 ± 13.1, P < .01), were of Black (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.74) or Asian (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.46-2.20) ethnicity, were unmarried (OR married, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.44-0.58), had an advanced tumor, and had a hypopharyngeal or laryngeal primary. Choice of nonsurgical treatment imparted a 2.16-fold (95% CI, 2.02-2.30) increased risk of cancer-specific death. Conclusion Of the patients, 2.7% chose nonsurgical treatment despite a provider recommendation that impairs survival. Choice of nonsurgical treatment is associated with older age, having Black or Asian ethnicity, being unmarried, having an advanced stage tumor, and having a primary site in the hypopharynx or larynx. Knowledge of these disparities may help providers counsel patients and help patients make informed decisions.

Molecular Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Their Biological Function and Prognostic Significance

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Smith ◽  
Bruce G. Haffty ◽  
Clarence T. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma affects more than 500,000 people worldwide each year. Despite optimal treatment with surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy, disease recurrence and progression remains a common and challenging oncological problem. Recently, interest has developed in identifying novel molecular markers that allow identification of those patients at increased risk for locoregional recurrence and death. This article reviews several such molecular markers studied in head and neck cancer, including p53, angiogenesis-related markers, cyclin D1, and epidermal growth factor receptor. The biological function of these markers and the potential clinical implications are discussed. The purpose of this review is to update the otolaryngologist on a rapidly emerging segment of applied translational research in our field.

scholarly journals Yes-Associated Protein Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nodal Metastasis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e27529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ge ◽  
Matthew Smail ◽  
Wenxia Meng ◽  
Yu Shyr ◽  
Fei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Clinical study on N3 nodal metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Akiteru Maeda ◽  
Hirohito Umeno ◽  
Shunichi Chitose ◽  
Hiroyuki Mihashi ◽  
Tadashi Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Better to be young

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Lacy ◽  
Jay F. Piccirillo ◽  
Michael G. Merritt ◽  
Maria R. Zequeira
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
The Impact

Most head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients are elderly, with few younger than 40 years. Controversy exists in the literature regarding outcomes for younger patients. The goal of this research project was to compare baseline features and outcomes for young patients (≤40 years), middle-aged patients (41–64 years), and old patients (≥65 years). To investigate the relationship between age and important presenting features and outcomes, 1160 recently diagnosed patients first treated at Washington University between 1980 and 1991 were identified from an existing database. Full 5-year survival information was available for 1030 patients (89%). Overall, the 5-year survival rate was 46% (478/1030); young patients (65%, 26/40) had a significantly better survival rate than middle-aged (52%, 292/566) or old patients (38%, 160/424) (χ2 = 24.5; P = 0.001). Survival was also related to smoking, comorbidity, primary site, TNM stage, and nodal disease. Age remained a significant factor even after we controlled for these other factors. Young patients developed fewer recurrent and new primary tumors. We conclude that young patients have a much better overall prognosis than older patients. The reasons for this difference are unclear, but it appears that the impact of age goes beyond an actuarial effect.

E-Cadherin as a Marker for Nodal Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Saima Akram Butt ◽  
Anwar Ali ◽  
Lubna Avesi ◽  
Shoaib Khan ◽  
Tazeen Mustansir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
E Cadherin

Aim: Head and neck cancers, all over the world, contribute greatly to the number of deaths, despite the advancements in the therapeutic strategies. It is characterized by locoregional disease with a tendency for metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes. The pre-operative detection of lymph node metastasis is critical for the effective treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore the objective of this study was to identify E-cadherin as a marker for prediction of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi. 1 Year duration. Methodology: Cross-sectional analysis of 54 subjects with HNSCC, who underwent neck dissections, was carried out. Expression of E-cadherin was evaluated using immunohistochemical analysis and traditional histological parameters, and correlation of E-Cadherin with histologically verified presence of regional metastases was determined. Data was subjected to descriptive statistics and chi-square using Spss v.16.0. Results: 54 patients included 33 males (61.1%) and 21 females (38.9%) aged from 18 to 73 (mean 44.8±12.7). A statistically significant relationship between the Downregulation of E-cadherin and histologically verified presence of nodal metastasis was established. (p value= 0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that low E-cadherin expression is useful for predicting lymph node metastases in cases of head and neck carcinoma.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Prognosis and Therapeutic Value of the CXC Chemokine Family in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Li ◽  
Tinghui Wu ◽  
Shujuan Gong ◽  
Hangzheng Zhou ◽  
Lufei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cxc Chemokine

The CXC chemokines belong to a family which includes 17 different CXC members. Accumulating evidence suggests that CXC chemokines regulate tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in various types of cancers by influencing the tumor microenvironment. The different expression profiles and specific function of each CXC chemokine in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are not yet clarified. In our work, we analyzed the altered expression, interaction network, and clinical data of CXC chemokines in patients with HNSCC by using the following: the Oncomine dataset, cBioPortal, Metascape, String analysis, GEPIA, and the Kaplan–Meier plotter. The transcriptional level analysis suggested that the mRNA levels of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL13 increased in HNSCC tissue samples when compared to the control tissue samples. The expression levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL14 were associated with various tumor stages in HNSCC. Clinical data analysis showed that high transcription levels of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL12, were linked with low relapse-free survival (RFS) in HNSCC patients. On the other hand, high CXCL14 levels predicted high RFS outcomes in HNSCC patients. Meanwhile, increased gene transcription levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CXCL14, and CXCL17 were associated with a higher overall survival (OS) advantage in HNSCC patients, while high levels of CXCL1, and CXCL8 were associated with poor OS in all HNSCC patients. This study implied that CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, and CXCL12 could be used as prognosis markers to identify low survival rate subgroups of patients with HNSCC as well as be potential suitable therapeutic targets for HNSCC patients. Additionally, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CXCL14, and CXCL17 could be used as functional prognosis biomarkers to identify better survival rate subgroups of patients with HNSCC.

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