HYDRAULIC MACHINES FOR SEPARATION OF WET DISPERSED SYSTEMS

Separation processes of wet dispersed systems are quite common in the food, processing and other industries. In particular, these include processes related to the production of fruit and vegetable juices, jams, sunflower and olive oil, the extraction of fat from meat rinds in meat production, the separation of whey from cheese mass in the production of cheese, the separation of grated cocoa into butter and pulp, dehydration of wet dispersed waste of food production (alcohol grain, beer pellets, beet pulp, coffee and barley sludge). These processes are quite energy-intensive and have low-productivity, therefore, much attention is paid for modernization of equipment for their implementation in the direction of improving the indicated efficiency characteristics, as well as increasing reliability and reducing material consumption, complexity and price of working machines. At the same time, the known hydraulic static presses do not provide of low final moisture content of the product and the required productivity of the working process. Vibratory pressing equipment is often quite complex, unreliable and generates intense noise and vibration during of operation. Screw presses with an electromechanical drive, despite of their advantages, do not allow to achieve of the necessary degree of separation of the components of the dispersed system, in addition, their actuators are structurally quite complex and wear out quickly. The authors propose improved schemes of hydraulic presses for separation of wet dispersed systems, which can provide high rates of efficiency of the working process and have a simple and reliable design. The article also presents equations for calculating of the main operating parameters of the proposed equipment.

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Animal performances, plasma hormones and metabolites in Holstein and Belgian Blue growing fattening bulls

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600011259 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 ◽

pp. 135-135

Author(s):

L. Istasse ◽

C. Van Eenaeme ◽

P. Baldwin ◽

G. Maghuin-Rogister ◽

J.M. Bienfait

Keyword(s):

Western Europe ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Live Weight ◽

Hormonal Control ◽

Meat Production ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Plasma Hormones ◽

Breed Crosses ◽

Cattle Meat ◽

Animal Performances

Meat production is a complex process in which the absorbed nutrients are directed under hormonal control towards muscle growth. According to consumer's standards a high quality carcass should contain a large proportion of lean meat and a small amount of fat. In Western Europe, cattle meat is produced both by beef and dairy breeds used as pure breeds or breed crosses. Holstein and Belgian Blue - double muscled type - are 2 extreme breeds in terms of meat production. The aim of the present experiment was to relate animal performances with plasma hormones and metabolites in these 2 breedsSix Holstein bulls and 6 bulls from the Belgian Blue - double muscled type - were used. They were 4 and 6 months old respectively on the beginning of the experiment. They were kept in metabolism stalls. The fattening diet was based on dried sugar beet pulp supplemented with soja bean meal, rolled barley, hay, minerals and vitamins. The amounts of feed given were weighed daily. Live weight was recorded once weekly.

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Performance Improvements of Compressor Cascades by Controlling the Profile and Sidewall Boundary Layers

Journal of Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/1.2929168 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 114 (3) ◽

pp. 477-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W. Sturm ◽

H. Scheugenpflug ◽

L. Fottner

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Boundary Layer Control ◽

Design Criteria ◽

Working Process ◽

Pertinent Literature ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Controlled Diffusion ◽

Reliable Design ◽

Layer Control

For increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio of modern turbojet engines, the number of stages of the turbo components or at least the number of blades per stage must be minimized. This inevitably forces a higher loading of the remaining blades, for which, especially in the compressor, even the use of modern controlled diffusion airfoil concepts is limited due to the danger of flow separation. Therefore, boundary layer control can be taken into consideration. The use of blowing proves to be most obvious for applications in turbojet engines, because the required pressurized air is, due to the working process, already available. Basic investigations on this topic are described in this paper, and both the midspan and the sidewall region are covered. As a review of the pertinent literature disclosed the lack of reliable design criteria, fundamental experiments in a cascade wind tunnel were performed. The results of these measurements are reported and recommendations concerning the application of blowing in compressor cascades are given.

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Performance Improvements of Compressor Cascades by Controlling the Profile and Sidewall Boundary Layers

Volume 1: Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/91-gt-260 ◽

1991 ◽

Author(s):

Wolfgang Sturm ◽

Hermann Scheugenpflug ◽

Leonhard Fottner

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Boundary Layer Control ◽

Design Criteria ◽

Working Process ◽

Pertinent Literature ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Controlled Diffusion ◽

Reliable Design ◽

Layer Control

For increasing the thrust-to-weight ratio of modern turbojet engines, the number of stages of the turbo components or at least the number of blades per stage have to be minimized. This inevitably forces a higher loading of the remaining blades, for which — especially in the compressor — even the use of modern controlled diffusion airfoil concepts is limited due to the danger of flow separation. Therefore, boundary layer control can be taken into consideration. The use of blowing proves to be most obvious for applications in turbojet engines, because the required pressurized air is — due to the working process — already available. Basic investigations on this topic are described in this paper, and both the midspan and the sidewall region are covered. As a review of the pertinent literature disclosed the lack of reliable design criteria, fundamental experiments in a cascade wind-tunnel were performed. The results of these measurements are reported and recommendations concerning the application of blowing in compressor cascades are given.

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A SEM/TEM examination of a ceramic membrane

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100144802 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 682-683

Author(s):

C.E. Voegele-Kliewer ◽

A.D. McMaster ◽

G.W. Dirks

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Gas Separation ◽

Ceramic Membrane ◽

Hydrogen Iodide ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Corning Glass ◽

Gas Transport Properties ◽

Porous Microstructure ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

The Relationship

Materials other than polymers, e.g. ceramic silicates, are currently being investigated for gas separation processes. The permeation characteristics of one such material, Vycor (Corning Glass #1370), have been reported for the separation of hydrogen from hydrogen iodide. This paper will describe the electron microscopy techniques applied to reveal the porous microstructure of a Vycor membrane. The application of these techniques has led to an increased understanding in the relationship between the substructure and the gas transport properties of this material.

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On visions and promises — ethical aspects of in vitro meat

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 753-758

Author(s):

Silvia Woll

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Meat Production ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Existing Problems ◽

In Vitro Meat ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Production Conditions

Innovators of in vitro meat (IVM) are convinced that this approach is the solution for problems related to current meat production and consumption, especially regarding animal welfare and environmental issues. However, the production conditions have yet to be fully clarified and there is still a lack of ethical discourses and critical debates on IVM. In consequence, discussion about the ethical justifiability and desirability of IVM remains hypothetical and we have to question those promises. This paper addresses the complex ethical aspects associated with IVM and the questions of whether, and under what conditions, the production of IVM represents an ethically justifiable solution for existing problems, especially in view of animal welfare, the environment, and society. There are particular hopes regarding the benefits that IVM could bring to animal welfare and the environment, but there are also strong doubts about their ethical benefits.

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The Effects of Presentation of Noise and Dental Appliances on Speech

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.2304.838 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 838-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sharon R. Garber ◽

T. Michael Speidel ◽

Gerald M. Siegel ◽

Edward Miller ◽

Lillian Glass

Keyword(s):

Speech Task ◽

Subject Variability ◽

Intense Noise ◽

Made In ◽

Normal Speaking

The effects of dental appliances on speech were studied when subjects wore the appliances, both in quiet and in the presence of an intense noise. A group of 24 normal-speaking subjects read lists of syllables, words, and sentences and spoke spontaneously in each of six appliance and noise conditions. Several acoustic and perceptual measurements were made in each condition. In general, speech deteriorated when appliances were placed and when noise was presented. The type and amount of speech disruption varied as a function of speech task and aspect of speech. There was no evidence that the effects of appliances on speech differed in quiet and noise conditions. Inter-subject variability was large.

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