scholarly journals Radiometric Evaluation of Radionuclides in Some Selected Mining Sites across Azara Development Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Umar Sa'ad Aliyu ◽  
Abdulkarim Muhammad Hamza ◽  
Adamu M Usman
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Radiometric Survey ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Development Area ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Radiological Health ◽  
Radiometric Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The data for this research contains the in-situ measured activity concentration of radionuclides and gamma-radiation dose rate obtained from the radiometric survey in Azara development area of Awe Local Government, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The data were manually collected in eight (8) locations with 20 data taken from each point using a portable hand held Thermo Scientific Interceptor and a radionuclide IdentiFINDER. The descriptive statistical analysis of the data was equally explored for possible statistical relationships. The result obtained is made available publicly for further extended analyses that can provide insights into the safety status of the study area from radiological health concerns. The data could also serve as a significant baseline radiometric data for future researches and monitoring initiative in Azara and its environs. The data for this research contains the in-situ measured activity concentration of radionuclides and gamma-radiation dose rate obtained from the radiometric survey in Azara development area of Awe Local Government, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The data were manually collected in eight (8) locations with 20 data taken from each point using a portable hand held Thermo Scientific Interceptor and a radionuclide IdentiFINDER. The descriptive statistical analysis of the data was equally explored for possible statistical relationships. The result obtained is made available publicly for further extended analyses that can provide insights into the safety status of the study area from radiological health concerns. The data could also serve as a significant baseline radiometric data for future researches and monitoring initiative in Azara and its environs.

In situ gamma spectrometry using portable HPGe detector. Radiological characterization and environmental surveillance around an operating nuclear power plant. Possibilities and limits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Angel Corbacho ◽  
A Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Ge Detector ◽  
Radiological Characterization

Abstract In situ technique for measuring radionuclides in the soil using a portable Ge detector is a highly versatile tool for both the radiological characterization and for the monitoring of operating nuclear power plants. The main disadvantage of this technique is related to the lack of knowledge of the geometry of the source whose activity concentration is to be determined. However, its greatest advantage is the high spatial representability of the samples and the lower time and resource consumption than gamma spectrometry lab measurements. In this study, the possibilities and limits offered by in situ gamma spectrometry with a high resolution gamma portable detector in two common uses are shown: First, the radiological background characterization and its relationship with the geology of an area of 2700 km2 are assessed; Secondly, its potential for monitoring man-made activity concentration in soils located around an operating nuclear power plant in Spain for surveillance purposes is evaluated. Finally, high accuracy radiation maps have been prepared from the measurements carried out. These radiation maps are essential tools to know the radioactive background of an area, especially useful to assess artificial radioactive deposits produced after a nuclear accident or incident.

Radiological health assessment due to gamma radiation levels of natural radioactivity of soil in vicinity of Nichahoma lignite belt, Kashmir Valley

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudasir Ashraf ◽  
C. Anu Radha ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Sajad Masood ◽  
Rayees Ahmad Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Measured Dose ◽  
Radiological Health

AbstractThe measurements of activity concentrations in soil of the lignite belt and soil of the villages surrounding the lignite belt have been carried out in order to present the radiological health hazards due to gamma radiation levels of the soil to general public. A low- background Pb-shielded gamma spectroscopic counting assembly utilizing NaI(Tl) detector was employed for the measurements. The activity concentration of radionuclides have been determined and compared with the international and national recommended values. A correlation analysis was also performed in order to predict the contribution of the respective nuclides towards the measured dose rate and to the find the existence of these radioactive nuclides together in the study area.

scholarly journals Using Landsat-8 Images for Quantifying Suspended Sediment Concentration in Red River (Northern Vietnam)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang Pham ◽  
Nguyen Ha ◽  
Nima Pahlevan ◽  
La Oanh ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Correction ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Suspended Load ◽  
Red River ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Band Ratio ◽  
Radiometric Data

Analyzing the trends in the spatial distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in riverine surface water enables better understanding of the hydromorphological properties of its watersheds and the associated processes. Thus, it is critical to identify an appropriate method to quantify spatio-temporal variability in SSC. This study aims to estimate SSC in a highly turbid river, i.e., the Red River in Northern Vietnam, using Landsat 8 (L8) images. To do so, in situ radiometric data together with SSC at 60 sites along the river were measured on two different dates during the dry and wet seasons. Analyses of the in situ data indicated strong correlations between SSC and the band-ratio of green and red channels, i.e., r-squared = 0.75 and a root mean square error of ~0.3 mg/L. Using a subsample of in situ radiometric data (n = 30) collected near-concurrently with one L8 image, four different atmospheric correction methods were evaluated. Although none of the methods provided reasonable water-leaving reflectance spectra (ρw), it was found that the band-ratio of the green-red ratio is less sensitive to uncertainties in the atmospheric correction for mapping SSC compared to individual bands. Therefore, due to its ease of access, standard L8 land surface reflectance products available via U.S. Geological Survey web portals were utilized. With the empirical relationship derived, we produced Landsat-derived SSC distribution maps for a few images collected in wet and dry seasons within the 2013–2017 period. Analyses of image products suggest that (a) the Thao River is the most significant source amongst the three major tributaries (Lo, Da and Thao rivers) providing suspended load to the Red River, and (b) the suspended load in the rainy season is nearly twice larger than that in the dry season, and it correlates highly with the runoff (correlation coefficient = 0.85). Although it is demonstrated that the atmospheric correction in tropical areas over these sediment-rich waters present major challenges in the retrievals of water-leaving reflectance spectra, the study signifies the utility of band-ratio techniques for quantifying SSC in highly turbid river waters. With Sentinel-2A/B data products combined with those of Landsat-8, it would be possible to capture temporal variability in major river systems in the near future.

Structure and function of a nitrifying biofilm as determined by microelectrodes and fluorescent oligonucleotide probes

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schramm ◽  
L. H. Larsen ◽  
N. P. Revsbech ◽  
R. I. Amann
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

Microelectrodes for O2 and NO2−/NO3− and fluorescently labelled 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were combined to examine the activity and stratification of nitrifying bacteria in a trickling filter biofilm. Microprofiles showed that O2 consumption and NO3−/NO2− production were restricted to the upper 50-100 μm of the biofilm. The vertical distribution of the nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp. was investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) with specific oligonucleotides. Nitrifiers formed a dense layer of cells and cell clusters in the upper part of the biofilm. This correlates well with the measured activity profiles. Ammonia- and nitrite-oxidisers occurred in close vicinity to each other supporting a fast sequential metabolism from ammonia to nitrate. Both species were not restricted to the oxic part of the biofilm, but also appeared -in lower numbers- in the anoxic layers on the bottom of the biofilm. A short term decrease in the O2 concentration of the bulk water resulted in a quick decrease in O2 penetration and metabolic rates inside the biofilm. However, neither the stratification nor the cellular ribosome content of nitrifiers changed within a few hours.

scholarly journals Radiological Survey of Oil and Gas Wastes and its Health Risks in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
C. P. Ononugbo ◽  
G. O. Avwiri ◽  
J. I. Ekpo ◽  
Y. E. Chad-Umoren
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Radiological Health

Aim: The aim of this study is radiometric survey of oil and gas wastes and its health risks in Niger Delta region of Nigeria.  Study Design: This study was purely an experimental work which involves collection of samples and laboratory analysis. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was carried out at oil and gas company waste stream facilities and waste pipe market within Niger Delta region between June 2018 and May, 2019. Methodology: Sixteen samples (4 drill cuttings, 4 pipe scales, 2 sludges and 6 produced water) were randomly collected from four waste streams in six locations within the oil and gas production facilities and used pipe market. These samples were taken to the laboratory, prepared following the ISO procedure and packaged in a porcelain bottle, sealed and kept for twenty eight days in order to ensure secular equilibrium between 238U, 232Th and their progenies and counted with high purity Germanium detector (HPGe). The activity concentration of all the radionuclides were used to determine the radiological health risks using mathematical models. Results: The lowest and highest specific activity concentrations  of 226Ra, 238U , 232Th  and 40K, in solid wastes are 5.28±1.08 and 25727.75 Bqkg-1, 3.61±0.76 and 23021.73±1041.58 Bqkg-1, 2.40±0.56 and 21468.25±1125.57 Bqkg-1 and 35.31±2.38 and 1527.73 ±86.60 Bqkg-1 respectively. In the liquid waste, the lowest and highest activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K are 0.34±0.15 and 1.11±0.28 Bql-1, 0.63±0.17 and 1.06±0.18 Bql-1 and 9.60±0.66 and 14.20 ±1.04 Bql-1 respectively. 226Ra was below detectable limit in the liquid waste except in one sample (CZI). Downhole pipe scales recorded the highest activity concentration of all the radionuclides. Surface pipe scale also recorded very high activity concentration of all the radionuclides. The radiological health risk parameters assessed from the activity concentration of these radionuclide were all above the safe reference levels in downhole pipe scales and surface pipe scales while they are within the safe values in other samples. The estimated Exposure rate for both solid and liquid wastes were higher than the recommended reference level of 600 µRh-1 and the associated dose rate was also higher than reference level. Conclusion: The result of this work revealed that downhole and surface pipes from oilfield commonly used in the construction of buildings and domestic overhead tank-stands are associated with high levels of ionizing radiation which may be detrimental to human health and the environment.

scholarly journals In situ Ground Radiometric Survey and Risk Assessments of Allanite-Bearing Beach Sands in Erawan, Palawan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reymar Diwa ◽  
Edmundo Vargas ◽  
Estellita Tabora ◽  
Botvinnik Palattao ◽  
Rolando Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
World Average ◽  
Radiometric Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

Past exploration for U deposit in the Philippines discovered the mineralization of radioactive allanite in Palawan. The allanite occurs as sand component in the heavily populated beach of Erawan, San Vicente, Palawan. This work assessed the risks associated with the radionuclides in Erawan beach by in situ ground radiometric survey of K, U, and Th in 694 sampling points. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the similarity between the radionuclides and to identify other probable anthropogenic sources of radionuclides. Our results show that the mean activity concentrations of K (597.8 Bq kg-1) and Th (93.15 Bq kg-1) are equivalent to 1.5 and 3.1 times of the world average natural radioactivity levels in soil, respectively, while the mean U (34.7 Bq kg-1) is similar to the world average. The mean radiological risk assessments like radium equivalent, gamma specific activity index, external hazard index, internal hazard index, absorbed gamma dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, annual gonadal equivalent dose, and excess lifetime cancer risk are 213.96 Bq kg-1, 0.78, 0.58, 0.67, 97.24 nGy h-1, 119.25 µSv y-1, 684.39 µSv y-1, and 0.42 (10-3), respectively. Th consistently correlated most to the risks. We attribute the occurrence of Th to the presence of allanite, K to fertilizer use for farming, and U to both the allanite and farming. The results of our study can provide important baseline data for future detailed studies or monitoring of the long-term effects of elevated radiation levels to the local population of Erawan.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF EFFECTIVE DOSE CAUSED BY 40K, 90SR AND 137CS IN DAILY FOOD

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Inga Laučytė ◽  
Rima Ladygienė
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Dose Coefficients ◽  
Technical University

This paper presents 137Cs, 90Sr and 40K activity concentrations in daily food and an annual effective dose caused by these radionuclides. Samples were taken during the period 28 October 2004–23 June 2005 once a month in a students’ canteen of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU). The weight of samples varied from 1,37 kg to 2,26 kg, and an average weight was 1,89 kg. The volume of liquids varied from 500 cm3 to 1000 cm3, and the average was 816 cm3. The average of activity concentration of 90Sr in daily food from the students’ canteen was (0,03±0,01) Bq/kg, of 137Cs – (0,02±0,01) Bq/kg and of 40K – (34±3) Bq/kg. An annual effective dose caused by these radionuclides was estimated using measured activity concentrations in daily food and dose coefficients. An annual effective dose caused by 90Sr was in the range of (1,9–14)·10−8 Sv, by 137Cs – (0,47–6,2)·10−8 Sv and by 40K – (6,8–21)·10−5 Sv.

Independent Monitoring of Radiological Impact at Decommissioned NPP A1 Site

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Slavik ◽  
Martin Listjak ◽  
Alojz Slaninka ◽  
Jozef Moravek ◽  
Frantisek Soos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
Independent Organization

Monitoring of characteristics of the radiation situation in close surrounding of the decommissioned NPP A1 by an independent organization is described and discussed in the paper. The measurements are carried out in the NPP A1 site close to the VUJE operation building, not far from the places, where the decommissioning activities are concentrated. These activities relate to bringing the NPP A1 to safer conditions, e.g. cleanup of contaminated underground waste water reservoirs, solidification of the removed sludge from these reservoirs by an in situ open air solidification system, cleaning of contaminated concretes and so on. Other activities also relate to radiological impact to the environment, e.g. radioactive waste processing at Bohunice RW -Ttreatment Centre and intensive traffic of sources of ionising radiation to and from this centre located very close to the place mentioned above. Results of the measurements carried out by VUJE accredited laboratory in the frame of Decommissioning project of NPP A1 present an uninterrupted time series of measurements and enable evaluation of development for the last 17 years. The monitoring results demonstrate that the only significant radionuclide indicating radiological impact of the decommissioning is 137Cs. Its activity concentration in atmospheric aerosols at the sampling point has been time to time elevated and in average is by about one order higher in comparison with a 100 km far reference (background) site.

scholarly journals Pilot study of 222Rn and 226Ra activity concentrations in groundwaters of Roztocze region, Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00077
Author(s):  
Agata Kowalska ◽  
Elżbieta Domin ◽  
Tadeusz A. Przylibski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
226Ra Activity ◽  
Measured Activity

Authors selected 5 intakes of groundwaters outflowing from carbonate rocks in Roztocze region in Poland and measured activity concentrations of 222Rn and 222Ra. The average values of 222Rn and 226Ra activity concentrations were: 5.3 (min. 2.0, max. 8.3 Bq/dm3) and 0.06 Bq/dm3 (from <0.06 to 0.07 Bq/dm3) respectively. To make a comparison authors made also investigations in groundwaters from other regions built of carbonate rocks in Poland (Sudetes, Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Lublin Upland, Tatra Mountains). In groundwaters from these regions, 222Rn activity concentration was from 2.2 to 47.8 Bq/dm3, while mean value was 16.0 Bq/dm3. All of 226Ra activity concentration values measured in these regions were below LLD (< 0.05 Bq/dm3). Results from Roztocze and other regions are comparable. All of investigated waters according to new polish regulations about limits of 222Rn and 226Ra activity concentrations could be used as drinking waters (the limits of 222Rn and 226Ra activity concentrations are 100 Bq/dm3 and 0.5 Bq/dm3 respectively).

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