scholarly journals Magnetic Susceptibility MRI in Differential Diagnostics of Primary CNS Lymphoma and Anaplastic Astrocytoma Clinical Observation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
D. V. Sashin ◽  
M. B. Dolgushin ◽  
E. A. Kobyakova ◽  
E. A. Nechipay ◽  
T. G. Gasparyan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PCLCS) are relatively rare tumors, usually having a multifocal manifestation in the brain and rapid progression. It is not always possible to make a correct diagnosis for MRI, since similar radiological manifestations (markers) of this disease, when using routine protocols, MRI can occur, for example, in malignant gliomas. This article presents a clinical case of a refinement diagnosis — PLCNS when using MRI in sequence (SWI), which was confirmed by the data of histological examination of surgical material.

COVID-19-associated orthostatic hypotension syndrome: direct and indirect mechanisms of development

2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (3) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Elena G. Mendelevich ◽  
Alsu A. Saifeeva ◽  
Artur I. Kurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Near Future

Background. The article presents an observation of the clinical case of orthostatic hypotension that developed after an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The issues of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis are outlined. The complexity of diagnosis at the stage of clinical observation is due to the comorbidity of possible mechanisms and the difficulty of determining the primary factor. Taking into account the study of variants of direct and indirect action of this 2019-nCoV, the description of the clinical observation of orthostatic hypotension supplements the data on the spectrum of manifestations of this disease. Aim. Analysis of the clinical case of the development of orthostatic hypotension in the post-acute period of COVID-19. Material. When conducting a literature review on the selected topic, various sources were considered. The search depth was over 7 years. For the recruitment of literature, Internet platforms UpToDate, PubMed, Medscape were used. Russian and foreign sources were studied. Methods. Anamnesis collection, objective research, specialized tests, laboratory and instrumental research methods, study of disease history, literature sources on orthostatic hypotension and the effect of COVID-19 on the autonomic nervous system. Results. The analysis of this case with the determination of the leading mechanism of orthostatic hypotension is extremely difficult. Probably, there is a combination of factors: direct and indirect effects on the nervous system at COVID-19. The direct effect is associated with the interaction of the virus with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors in the nervous system, which causes a significant increase in the concentration of bradykinin and the development of hypotension. An indirect effect is due to both increased thrombus formation with the development of PE, and autonomic dysfunction, within the framework of secondary polyneuropathy of fine fibers. Conclusion. It is likely that in the near future the number of such patients in the practice of doctors will increase, therefore, timely and correct diagnosis of these conditions, with their careful management, will be the fundamental postulates in the recovery of patients. Drawing attention to this topic will possibly expand our understanding of the spectrum of complications of COVID-19 and will greatly complement the information available today.

Long-term follow-up of vanishing tumors in the brain: How should a lesion mimicking primary CNS lymphoma be managed?

2012 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1217-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Okita ◽  
Yoshitaka Narita ◽  
Yasuji Miyakita ◽  
Makoto Ohno ◽  
Shintaro Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Brain

Progressive leukoencephalopathy caused by primary CNS lymphoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Matošević ◽  
Michael Knoflach ◽  
Martin Furtner ◽  
Thaddäus Gotwald ◽  
Hans Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Prominent leukoaraiosis is common in the clinical routine setting. In addition to microatheroma and hypertensive small vessel disease (lipohyalinosis), a large number of rare but clinically relevant differential diagnoses have to be considered. A man in his 60s presented with left pontine infarction and subsequent rapidly deteriorating leukoaraiosis associated with dementia. Standard non-invasive examination did not enable the correct diagnosis to be obtained. A brain biopsy sample revealed a combination of diffuse infiltrating and intravascular large B cell central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, which has not previously been described in literature. Despite immediate treatment with state of the art chemotherapy, the patient died 3 months after the onset of symptoms. Diffuse infiltrating and intravascular primary CNS lymphoma is a rare cause of rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy and stroke mediated by neoplastic microvessel occlusion and inflammatory tissue damage. This report intends to increase awareness among neurologists and other stroke physicians about this disease in order to accelerate diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

Primary malignant lymphoma in the cerebellopontine angle

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Kariya ◽  
Kazunori Nishizaki ◽  
Katsuya Aoji ◽  
Hirofumi Akagi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractPrimary malignant lymphoma is an uncommon disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Immunocompromised patients are at high risk of development of malignant lymphoma. We describe a case of primary CNS lymphoma presenting as a solitary cerebellopontine angle lesion. The patient had undergone extirpation of rectal cancer four years previously. Malignant lymphoma presenting as a cerebellopontine angle mass is extremely rare, with only 10 such cases (seven were primary, and the others secondary) previously reported.

scholarly journals Primary CNS Lymphoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 2410-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Grommes ◽  
Lisa M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cns Lymphoma ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
First Line ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Line Setting ◽  
The Brain

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is typically confined to the brain, eyes, and cerebrospinal fluid without evidence of systemic spread. The prognosis of patients with PCNSL has improved during the last decades with the introduction of high-dose methotrexate. However, despite recent progress, results after treatment are durable in half of patients, and therapy can be associated with late neurotoxicity. PCNSL is an uncommon tumor, and only four randomized trials and one phase III trial have been completed so far, all in the first-line setting. To our knowledge, no randomized trial has been conducted for recurrent/refractory disease, leaving many questions unanswered about optimal first-line and salvage treatments. This review will give an overview of the presentation, evaluation, and treatment of immunocompetent patients with PCNSL.

Oligodendroglioma with lethal exposure. Clinical case

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
S. S. YASHIN ◽  
◽  
Yu. R. YUNUSOVA ◽  
A. D. IBRAGIMOVA ◽  
A. D. DUDKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Timely Treatment

Tumors of the brain constitute only 2% of all primary tumors, but it is they that lead to disastrous, sometimes even fatal consequences. Patients have progressive disorders of vital activity, which in the absence of timely treatment can lead to death. It is important to note that brain tumors are not only difficult to diagnose, but also difficult to treat. The purpose — to determine the etiological and pathomorphogenetic features of oligodendroglioma, familiarizing readers with the problem of discrepancy between clinical and pathological diagnoses in practical medicine. Material and methods. The work presents a clinical case of a patient with fatal oligodendroglioma and statistical data on the disease. Results. When comparing the final clinical diagnosis and the pathological anatomical diagnosis, a discrepancy of the II category was determined due to the difficulty of diagnosing the disease: in a medical institution, the correct diagnosis was possible, but the occurring diagnostic error did not generally affect the outcome of the disease. Despite the use of high-precision medical imaging methods, it is impossible to establish the true nature of the onset of neurological symptoms in a patient in serious condition. With a routine approach, both clinicians and pathologists were unable to suspect a tumor in a patient prior to histological examination, which once again confirms the relevance of describing complex clinical cases.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS DURING INTRAMEDULLAR PROCESSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Kateryna Tarianyk ◽  
Natalia Lytvynenko ◽  
Tetiana Purdenko ◽  
Viktoriia Hladka
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: The article describes a clinical case of a malignant tumor of the brain and spinal cord with metastasis, which remained undetected for many years and was treated as syringomyelia. Long-term exhausting examinations of the brain and spinal cord, dynamic follow-up of medical specialists, and repeated surgical interventions on the spine helped to differentiate this process and make the correct diagnosis. The aim: The objectives of the present paper are to analyze the existing classifications of syringomyelia; to examine its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics; to present a clinical case of a malignant tumor of the brain and spinal cord with metastasis, which was misdiagnosed as syringomyelia. Materials and methods: The authors analyzed the existing classifications of syringomyelia and studied its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics using the method of content analysis, analyticalб comparative and contrastive methods. Clinical case: The described clinical case is a variant of the course of syringomyelia, associated with the spinal cord tumor, namely, in particular, anaplastic ependymoma. For a long time, the process remained undetected, despite the long-term examination and drainage of the syringomyelic cavity. Analyzing this case, it is highly important to pay attention to careful history collection, examination of the patient, analysis of the occurrence of certain disorders in order to conduct the neuroimaging examinations in time. Conclusions: Favorable outcome of the disease is directly related to the diagnosis at early stages, especially in young people, the clinical variant of the process, progression of the course, the degree of involvement of various parts of the nervous system and extraneural formations, the severity of the lesion. The treatment tactics and the ability to restore the functions will depend on all these factors.

scholarly journals Clinical Case Presentation on Absence Seizures Diagnosis and Treatment Care Services and Outcomes in an Adult Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
M. S. Umashankar ◽  
A. Bharath Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Adult Patient ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Absence Seizures ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Parasellar Region ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTAbsence seizures are often associated with impaired or loss of consciousness clinically proved to have an impact on motor and cognitive abnormalities of the nerve cells of the brain. Seizure admits several etiopathophysiological events leading to several neurofunctional changes in the reticulothalamocortical circuitry zones of the central nervous system. This paves the episodes of absence seizure events. A clinical case report of absence seizure in a 25 years age adult patient came to the hospital with impaired consciousness. The brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning of the patient detected a small focal flair hypertensive area in the right parasellar region close to cavernous sinus with mild flair hypersensitivity in the left cavernous sinuses, right maxillary, and ethmoid sinusitis. The electroencephalogram of the brain showed normal waves with electrode artifacts was observed. The patient was confirmed with absence seizures, and he was treated with oxcarbazepine 150 mg twice daily. The patient was recovered from seizure and discharged with medications. He was called for follow-up examination once in 3-month period.

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