scholarly journals Mechanisms linking hyperglycemia in pregnancy to the offspring cardiovascular system dysfunction

STEMedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. e91
Author(s):  
Zemeng Xiao ◽  
Yifang Wang ◽  
Phung N. Thai ◽  
Xuxia Li ◽  
Xiyuan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
In Pregnancy

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is a high-glycemic state that occurs during pregnancy, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the major cause of it. Studies reveal that GDM has long-term adverse impacts on mothers and offspring, such as maternal type 2 diabetes, premature birth and stillbirth in newborns, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders in adult offspring. In recent years, studies on the transcription level of GDM and metabonomics have provided new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of GDM. This article reviews the transcriptional levels and metabolomics studies involving GDM and cardiovascular dysfunction in the offspring, which may provide insight to the long-term health of pregnant women and offspring.

Fibrinolysis Defect in Long-Term Hemodialysis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and Its Relation to Metabolic Disorders

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Opatrný Jr. ◽  
Pavlína Zemanová ◽  
Jan Mareš ◽  
Ladislav Vít ◽  
Sylvia Opatrná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients

scholarly journals Medicines for the Treatment of Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3866
Author(s):  
Soon Shik Shin ◽  
Michung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The U.S

Obesity is the result of an energy imbalance caused by an increased ratio of caloric intake to energy expenditure. In conjunction with obesity, related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension, have become global health problems [1]. Reducing body weight by lifestyle modification is recommended, but drug intervention is necessary for morbidly obese individuals. Four drug therapies, including orlistat, naltrexone/bupropion, phentermine/topiramate and liraglutide, were approved for long-term use by the U.S. [...]

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus and progression to type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Delia Ioana CUDALBA ◽  
◽  
Nicolae GICA ◽  
Radu BOTEZATU ◽  
Corina GICA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Know How ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Maternal Disease

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with life-threatening morbidity and with epidemic spread. This metabolic disorder affects an increasing number of pregnant women. General practitioners and obstetricians need to know how some occult maternal metabolic disorders could be revealed by pregnancy and how pregnancy could influence the fetal health and the long-term progression of maternal disease. Pregnancy is considered a stress test for life and diabetes mellitus is a good example to illustrate this correlation.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin in Patients (Pts) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Inadequately Controlled with Metformin (MET) Monotherapy—104-Week VERTIS MET Trial

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1129-P
Author(s):  
SILVINA GALLO ◽  
BERNARD CHARBONNEL ◽  
ALLISON GOLDMAN ◽  
HARRY SHI ◽  
SUSAN HUYCK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Term Efficacy

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

scholarly journals The Landscape of microRNAs in βCell: Between Phenotype Maintenance and Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco ◽  
Noemi Brusco ◽  
Giada Licata ◽  
Daniela Fignani ◽  
Caterina Formichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Shed Light

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia mainly due to pancreatic β cell death and/or dysfunction, caused by several types of stress such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and inflammation. Different patho-physiological mechanisms driving β cell response to these stresses are tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of negative regulators of gene expression, involved in pathogenic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and in its complications. In this review, we aim to shed light on the most important miRNAs regulating the maintenance and the robustness of β cell identity, as well as on those miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the two main forms of diabetes mellitus, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we acknowledge that the understanding of miRNAs-regulated molecular mechanisms is fundamental in order to develop specific and effective strategies based on miRNAs as therapeutic targets, employing innovative molecules.

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