scholarly journals Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Typhi from Blood Culture in Paediatric Population

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Current Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar typhi causes typhoid fever which is a life-threatening systemic infection that mainly occurs in developing countries of the world and remains a major public health issue. Paratyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and B and (infrequently C). Appropriate and immediate antimicrobial therapy is required for the prevention of complications and mortality due to enteric fever. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the current sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi so that appropriate antibiotics can be initiated on time. Objective: To determine the sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi in enteric fever among the pediatric population visiting a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried at the Department of Pediatrics in National Institute of Child Health Karachi from 13-12-2019 to 13-06-2020 after acquiring ethical approval from the hospital committee. There were 149 children aged 3-12 years of either gender diagnosed with enteric fever selected for this study. Patients' information was collected on pre-designed proforma. Blood of five milliliters quantity was drawn and sent to the pathology department within 12 hours of the admission. Salmonella typhi was identified by biochemical testing of the suspicious non-lactose fermenting colonies. Mueller Hinton Agar medium was used for testing antibiotic sensitivity. The sensitivity of the drug was interpreted as Sensitive, Intermediate and Resistant based on inhibition zone size. Results: The average age of the children was 5.56±2.39 years. Sensitivity for meropenem, azithromycin was 100% and 93.3% respectively while the sensitivity of ciprofloxacin was 53.7%. Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone were more than 80% resistant. Conclusion: Our study confirms the sensitivity for meropenem, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin. Ampicillin, Co-trimoxazole, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone showed higher resistance. This study emphasizes the need for continuous evaluation and judicious use of antimicrobials, considering the ever-changing antibiogram.

scholarly journals Re-Emargence of Susceptibility to Conventional First Line Drugs in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi a Isolated from Enteric Fever Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Maiz Ul Ahad Suman ◽  
Md Abdullah Siddique ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Abu Rayhan Khandakar
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
First Line ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Enteric fever is endemic in Bangladesh and involves significant health care cost. The first-line drugs chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole have not been the part of empirical therapy for decades due to development of multidrug resistant Salmonella strains. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiogram pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from the blood of clinically suspected enteric fever patients. A cross sectional study was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital & Dhaka Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. Total 323 blood samples were collected from suspected enteric fever patients and isolation rate of Salmonella was 9.29% [S.typhi (3.41%), and S.paratyphi A (5.88%)]. Among isolated S.typhi, 9.09% were resistant to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and cefixime and there were no S.typhi resistant to azithromycin and cefotaxime. Among the isolated S.paratyphi A, 5.26% were resistant to chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, azithromycin, cefotaxime, and cefixime. There were no ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella. Low proportion of resistance to first line antibiotics (chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole) suggests that these drugs can be used once again. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (1): 3-5

scholarly journals Pattern of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Enteric Fever: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Rahat Afroze ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hasna Fahmima Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Objectives: To describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern ofSalmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi from blood culture specimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine, BIRDEM from July 2009 to June 2012. Standard laboratory and microbiological procedures were followed for blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Among the 97 blood culture positive samples, S. typhi was 71 (73.2%) and S. paratyphi was 26 (26.8%). Multi-drug resistant strains of S. typhi and S. paratyphi were 23 (32.4%) and 3 (11.5%) cases respectively. Azithromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin resistance was also found in a good number of cases (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 71.8% and 57.7%, 42.3% and 30.8%, 38% and 34.6%, 38% and 26.9% and 38% and 26.9% cases respectively). Nineteen (31.1%) of the 61ciprofloxacin sensitive organisms were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 100% of S. typhi and S. paratyphi. Cefixim, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem were among the most common sensitive antibiotics (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 83.1% and 73.1%, 62% and 65.4%, 53.5% and 65.4%, 76.1% and 65.4% cases respectively). Conclusion: Ceftriaxone was the most sensitive antibiotic for treating enteric fever followed by cefixim, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. However, in suspected cases of enteric fever, blood culture should be requested before prescribing antibiotic.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20684 J MEDICINE 2014; 15 : 122-124

scholarly journals Recent Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Isolates in A Tertiay Care Hospital Lahore

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Hina Bukhari ◽  
Tayyeba Komal ◽  
Raana Akhtar ◽  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Iqra Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Objective: To determine the recent antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella isolates (typhi and paratyphi) in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Methods: It is cross sectional retrospective study conducted out in King Edward Medical University(Pathology deptt)/Mayo Hospital Lahore.The study period is six months from May 2019 to October 2019(Peak months of Typhoid fever).During this six months study period, total of 4284 samples for blood culture were received that were inoculated on the macConkey and blood agar plates.The growths obtained were then processed through biochemical profiling and analytical profile index(API).The Kirby Bauer technique was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and reporting was done on the basis of clinical laboratory standard institute(CLSI). Results: During these six months, total 4284 blood samples were inoculated, out of which 433 growths were obtained. There were 84 strains of salmonella typhi isolated. Sensitivity pattern of different antibiotics showed that Azithromycin was sensitive to 70 (83.3%) isolates, imipenem in 72 (85.7%), ciprofloxacin to 56 (66.7%), gentamycin to 48 (57.1%), ceftriaxone to 45 (53.6%), cefepime to 20 (23.8%), chloramphenicol to 12 (14.3%) while ampicillin was least sensitive i.e. 8 (9.5%) isolates. There were 24 MDR(multidrug resistant) and 12 were XDR(extensive drug resistant) strains. We also found out that resistance to azithromycin drug is also emerging as 70 out of 84 strains were sensitive while remaining 14 were resistant. Conclusion: According to recent antibiotic susceptibility against salmonella typhi, the most sensitive drugs are Carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem) these days. Second sensitive antibiotic is azithromycin. Key Words: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Salmonella isolates, Carbapenems, Azithromycin. How to cite: Bukhari H., Komal T., Akhtar R., Mumtaz U.S., Waheed I., Recent Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Salmonella Isolates in A Tertiay Care Hospital of Lahore. Esculapio 2021;17(01):45-48

scholarly journals Clinico-laboratory Profile of Enteric Fever and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Hospitalized Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Farhana Rahat ◽  
NK Ghosh ◽  
Kazi Iman ◽  
Morsheda Khanam ◽  
Azmeri Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture Positivity Rate

Background: Enteric fever is endemic in Bangladesh. This is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profiles, culture positivity rate and sensitivity pattern of Salmonella enterica.Methodology: This was an observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January to December, 2017. Total 120 children who had enteric fever diagnosed either by positive blood culture or widal test with significant titre for Salmonella Typhi or Paratyphi were enrolled in the study.Results: Fever and abdominal pain were the main presenting symptoms. Leucocyte and platelet count were normal whereas ALT and CRP found to be elevated. Culture positivity rate in our study was 43.33%. Of the culture positive isolates, 88.46% were Salmonella Typhi and 11.53% were Salmonella Paratyphi. All the isolates were sensitive to third and fourth generation cephalosporins while 79.54% showed intermediate sensitivity to ciprofloxacin.Conclusion: A good sensitivity to third and fourth generation cephalosporins against Salmonella was noted whereas ciprofloxacin found to be less sensitive. Ceftriaxone showed remarkable efficacy when used as monotherapy.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42(2) :54-57

scholarly journals Detection Of Mutated gyrA Gene From Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella Typhi And Paratyphi A Isolated From Enteric Fever Patients In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Maiz-ul Ahad Suman ◽  
Md. Abdullah Siddique ◽  
S. M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Abu Rayhan Khandakar ◽  
Faiz Ahmed Khondaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

A cross sectional study for the detection of empirically used antibiotic resistant Salmonella was carried out in the department of microbiology of Rajshahi Medical College (RMC) and PCR and DNA sequencing were done in the department of microbiology of Dhaka Medical College during the period from August 2014 to July 2015.Total 323 blood samples were collected from suspected enteric fever patients from medicine and paediatric units of RMC hospital and cultured on brain heart infusion broth for isolation of Salmonella. Identification of Salmonella was done by biochemical tests and final identification was done by specific antisera. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion technique. PCR was used to detect gyrA gene. Sequencing of the gyrA gene was done to see mutation. Culture yielded growth of Salmonella typhi in 11 (36.67%) and Salmonella paratyphi A in 19(63.33%) samples. Among 11 Salmonella typhi, 8(72.73%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, 2(18.18%) to ciprofloxacin and one (9.09%) to ofloxacin. Among 19 Salmonella paratyphi A, all (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, 4(21.05%) to ofloxacin, and 3 (15.79%) to ciprofloxacin. All the Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A were gyrA gene positive. All the nalidixic acid resistant strains of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A were mutated at amino acid position 83 by replacing serine with phenylalanine. None of the nalidixic acid sensitive Salmonella strain had mutated gyrA gene.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (1): 3-7

Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
KM Faisal Alam ◽  
Md Mohimanul Hoque ◽  
M Morsed Zaman Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and chloramphenicol) strains of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are on the rise globally and even cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid cases resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are being reported from many corners of the world. This descriptive, observational study was carried out in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from July 2017 to June 2019. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of total 76 cases of enteric fever due to Salmonella Typhi were studied. Blood culture was carried out by BACT ALERT-3D, Automated blood culture analyzer from BioMeriuex SA, France Patented FAN Plus method. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the organism was categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and resistant against the respective antibiotics as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. We are reporting antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of S. Typhi documented in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, a large tertiary care hospital in Northern Bangladesh. TAJ 2020; 33(2): 10-14

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance to Escherichia coli among Urine Culture-Positive Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kushwaha ◽  
Khilasa Pokharel ◽  
Anuj Raj Kadel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is treated by the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogensin our population. Present infection cases have been showing an increase in resistance to the currentfirst-line of antibiotics. The objective of this study is to determine the resistance of antibiotics inEscherichia coli in a tertiary care center. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital from October 2018 to February 2019. The sample size was calculated, and convenientsampling was done. Patients with urine culture positive (i.e., Colony-forming unit >105) wereincluded in the study. All positive samples were tested for antibiotics sensitivity and resistance. Theresistance to the antibiotics was recorded using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion forbinary data. Results: Out of 100 samples, the highest number of organisms isolated was Escherichia coli, 71 (71%).Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to drugs like Norfloxacin, 37 (52.11%), AmoxicillinClavulanic acid 37 (52.11%), followed by Co-trimoxazole 32 (45.1%), Ceftriaxone, 24 (33.8%), andCiprofloxacin 23 (32.3%). Conclusions: Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to commonly used antibiotics likeNorfloxacin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Co-trimoxazole, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Frequency and Sensitivity Pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae Isolated from Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Fatema Nusrat ◽  
K.M. Shahidul Islam ◽  
S.M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Md. Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Aleya Farzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Presumptive Identification

Background: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae is changing frequently. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoae isolated from women presented with cervicitis.Methodology: This cross sectional study.carried out in the Department  of Microbiology at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2011 to December 2012 for a period of one and half year. All the women presented with or without the clinical features of  cervicitis at child bearing age (15 to 49 yrs) with or without pregnancy were enrolled as study population. Endocervical swabs were collected  for Gram staining, culture, biochemical test from clinically diagnosed  patients of cervicitis for presumptive identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The isolates with presumptive identification were confirmed by rapid carbohydrate utilization test (RCUT), which differentiates  N.gonorrhoeae from other Neisseria. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done according CLSI guideline. Result: A total 245 females were recruited of which N. gonorrhoeae were detected from 39(15.9%) cases. Among 39 positive cases of gonococcal cervicitis, 19 (48.71%) were detected in the age group of 21-30 years. 56.41% were sensitive and 30.76% were resistant to ceftriaxone. Similarly 51.28% were sensitive and 23.07% were resistant to cefuroxime; 23.07% sensitive, 30.76% moderately sensitive and 46.15% resistant to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Gonococcal cervicitis is found in a high frequency rate with a reduced sensitivity to antibiotics especially ciprofloxacin, second and third generation cephalosporins.Bangladesh J Infect Dis 2014;1(1):3-7

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF ENTERIC FEVER AMONG CHILDREN ADMITTED IN PEDIATRICS DEPARTMENT OF JLNMCH, BHAGALPUR, BIHAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mithilesh Kumar ◽  
R. K. Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Objective: In this study our main aims to know the clinical profile of pediatric enteric fever and the sensitivity pattern of the disease to drugs in this region. Methodology: This prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital at Dhaka from March to December 2019 among suspected case of Enteric fever as per case definition. Among 212 suspected enteric fever 117 children were diagnosed as enteric fever by blood culture and/or Widal test. Results: During the study, Male: female were 1.3: 1. Maximum (70%) children were in age group 5 years or more. Most of the children were from urban slum area (53.6%) of Dhaka city. Cases were admitted throughout the year. Common presentation were fever (100%), anorexia (100%), pain abdomen (74.4%) and loose motions (46.1%). The common signs were hepatomegaly (41.9%), hepatosplenomegaly (5.1%) coated tongue (64.9%), pallor (74.4%). The complications rate was 35.9% and commonest being UTI and pneumonia. The overall positivity of Widal test was 89.7% and the culture positivity was 32.5%. Among isolates, 94.7%were Salmonella typhi and 5.3% Salmonella paratyphi A. Among them18.1% isolates were multi drug resistant. Conclusion: Enteric fever is most prevalent during summer & rainy session. WASA supplied water may play a role. Hepatomegaly is common. UTI and pneumonia are the commonest complication. Multidrug resistant cases are not so as high as other countries. Cefixime, Ceftriaxone. Meropenam and Ofloxacine are the drugs of choice. Ciprofloxacin is still could be chosen for the treatment of enteric fever. Higher rate of resistant to Azithromycin is alarming.

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