Intra-Articular Injection of an Extracellular Vesicle Isolate Product to Treat Hip Labral Tears

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Dordevic
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Labral Tears ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
The Stability

Diarthrodial joints, such as the knee, hip, and shoulder consist of articular cartilage, a synovial capsule, and a fibrocartilaginous structure to increase the stability of the joint.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Clinical Application of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived DNA

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3827
Author(s):  
Jae Young Hur ◽  
Kye Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry RNA, proteins, lipids, and diverse biomolecules for intercellular communication. Recent studies have reported that EVs contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and oncogenic mutant DNA. The advantage of EV-derived DNA (EV DNA) over cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is the stability achieved through the encapsulation in the lipid bilayer of EVs, which protects EV DNA from degradation by external factors. The existence of DNA and its stability make EVs a useful source of biomarkers. However, fundamental research on EV DNA remains limited, and many aspects of EV DNA are poorly understood. This review examines the known characteristics of EV DNA, biogenesis of DNA-containing EVs, methylation, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis using EV DNA for biomarker detection. On the basis of this knowledge, this review explores how EV DNA can be incorporated into diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings, as well as gene transfer of EV DNA and its therapeutic potential.

Permeability of Human Glenohumeral Joint Cartilage

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stankiewicz ◽  
Gerard A. Ateshian ◽  
Louis U. Bigliani ◽  
Van C. Mow
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Frictional Drag ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Fluid Pressurization

Abstract The nearly frictionless lubrication in diarthrodial joints and load support within articular cartilage depends on its mechanical properties. It has been shown that the majority of applied loads on cartilage are supported by interstitial fluid pressurization (Ateshian et al., 1994) which results from the frictional drag of flow through the porous permeable solid matrix. The duration and magnitude of this pressurization are a function of the permeability of cartilage (Lai et al., 1981).

Accuracy of Cartilage Geometry Reconstruction From Volumetric CT Data: A Phantom Study

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin J. Ellis ◽  
Christopher L. Peters ◽  
Jeffrey A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Joint Spacing ◽  
Ct Arthrography ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Joint Contact

Segmentation of medical image data is often used for the construction of computational models to study the mechanics of diarthrodial joints such as the hip and knee. The analyst must demonstrate that the reconstructed geometry is an accurate representation of the true continuum to ensure model validity. This becomes especially important for computational modeling of joint contact, which requires accurate reconstruction of articular cartilage. Although volumetric computed tomography (CT) is often used to image diarthrodial joints, the lower bounds for detecting articular cartilage thickness and the influence of imaging parameters on the ability to image cartilage have not been reported. The use of contrast agent (CT arthrography) is necessary to visualize the surface of articular cartilage in live patients. Thus, it is of primary interest to quantify the accuracy of CT arthrography to demonstrate the feasibility of patient-specific modeling. The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy and detection limits of CT for measuring simulated cartilage thickness using a phantom and to quantify changes in accuracy due to alterations in contrast agent concentration, imaging plane direction, spatial resolution and joint spacing.

scholarly journals Articular Cartilage Wear Characterization With a Particle Sizing and Counting Analyzer

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevan R. Oungoulian ◽  
Orian Bortz ◽  
Kristin E. Hehir ◽  
Kaicen Zhu ◽  
Clark T. Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Polyethylene Wear ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Cartilage Wear ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
Fluid Pressurization

The primary function of articular cartilage is to serve as the bearing material in diarthrodial joints, transmitting loads while minimizing friction and wear. The friction coefficient of cartilage has been characterized extensively in the literature, using standard measurements of normal and tangential forces acting across a sliding interface [1]. However, quantitative measurements of cartilage wear have proven to be more challenging, with only a few studies having reported such measurements. The primary quantitative approaches proposed to date include biochemical assaying of cartilage and test solutions [2], and characterization of changing articular layer thickness [3] and surface roughness [4]. One study examining polyethylene wear debris in hip arthroplasty reported the use of an automated particle analyzer [5]. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that latest-generation particle analyzers are capable of detecting cartilage wear debris generated during in vitro loading experiments that last 24 h or less, by producing measurable content significantly above background noise levels. The longer-term objective of our studies is to test the hypothesis that elevated interstitial fluid pressurization, which is known to reduce the friction coefficient of cartilage [6], also reduces cartilage wear.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Versus Arthrography in Diagnosing the Stability of Minimally Displaced Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures in Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wu ◽  
Xiongtao Li ◽  
Shaowei Yang ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Jingdong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Humeral Condyle ◽  
Humeral Epiphysis

Abstract Background: The evaluation of the articular cartilage status of the distal humeral epiphysis is difficult. Ultrasound of the elbow is increasingly used to confirm the integrity of the articular cartilage of minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children in minimally displaced fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between ultrasound with arthrography for predicting the integrity of the cartilage hinge and describe the utility of ultrasound in directing the need for pre-treatment. Methods: 39 patients with minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures and underwent ultrasound and arthrography examinations before operation from May 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study. The ultrasound and arthrography predictors of the cartilage hinge status were independently measured. Result of ultrasound and arthrography were compared.Results: The mean displacement of fractures was 3.1 mm (range, 2.0～5.0 cm). The arthrography showed an incomplete fracture in 24 patients (61.5%) and complete in 15 patients (38.5%). The ultrasound showed an incomplete fracture in 25 patients (64.1%) and complete in 14 patients (35.9%). The ultrasound and arthrography evaluations of the integrity of the articular surface were consistent in 92.3% of the cases, including 23 were predicted to have an intact articular surface, and 13 were predicted to have incongruity articular surface. There was no correlation between displacement and the fracture being complete on ultrasound. The Pearson coefficient value of ultrasound and arthrography for assessing the integrity of the articular surface was 0.837. Conclusions: Ultrasound and arthrography assessments of the integrity of the cartilage hinge status appear to be highly consistent. Ultrasound can be used as a complementary tool with arthrography to predict the integrity of the cartilage hinge status of patients with minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children.Level of evidence: Retrospective study; level Ⅳ.

scholarly journals Adsorption of extracellular vesicles onto the tube walls during storage in solution

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243738
Author(s):  
Evgeniy G. Evtushenko ◽  
Dmitry V. Bagrov ◽  
Vassili N. Lazarev ◽  
Mikhail A. Livshits ◽  
Elena Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Controlled Adsorption ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Ht 29

Short term storage of extracellular vesicle (EV) solutions at +4°C is a common practice, but the stability of EVs during this procedure has not been fully understood yet. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis, we have shown that EVs isolated from the conditioned medium of HT-29 cells exhibit a pronounced concentration decrease when stored in PBS in ordinary polypropylene tubes within the range of (0.5–2.1) × 1010 particles/ml. EV losses reach 51±3% for 0.5 ml of EVs in Eppendorf 2 ml tube at 48 hours of storage at +4°C. Around 2/3 of the observed losses have been attributed to the adsorption of vesicles onto tube walls. This result shows that the lower part (up to at least 2 × 1010 particles/ml) of the practically relevant concentration range for purified EVs is prone to adsorption losses at +4°C. Total particle losses could be reduced to 18–21% at 48 hours by using either Eppendorf Protein LoBind tubes or ordinary tubes with the surface blocked with bovine serum albumin or EVs. Reduction of losses to 15% has been shown for isolated EVs dissolved in the supernatant after 100 000 g centrifugation as a model of conditioned medium. Also, a previously unknown feature of diffusion-controlled adsorption was revealed for EVs. In addition to the decrease in particle count, this process causes the predominant losses of smaller particles.

scholarly journals Determining the stability of minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children: ultrasound is better than arthrography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wu ◽  
Xiongtao Li ◽  
Shaowei Yang ◽  
Si Wang ◽  
Jingdong Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Humeral Condyle ◽  
Humeral Epiphysis ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: Evaluating of the articular cartilage status of the distal humeral epiphysis is difficult. Ultrasound imaging of the elbow is increasingly being used to confirm the integrity of the articular cartilage of minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures in children with minimally displaced fractures. The aims of this study were to assess the correlations between ultrasound and arthrography findings for predicting the integrity of the cartilage hinge and to describe the utility of ultrasound in determining the need for pre-treatment.Methods: Thirty-nine patients with minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures who underwent ultrasound and arthrography examinations before surgery from May 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study. Ultrasound and arthrography predictors of the cartilage hinge status were independently measured. The ultrasound and arthrography results were compared.Results: The mean displacement of the fractures was 3.1 mm (range, 2.0～5.0 mm). Arthrography showed incomplete fractures in 24 patients (61.5%) and complete fractures in 15 patients (38.5%). Ultrasound showed incomplete fractures in 25 patients (64.1%) and complete fractures in 14 patients (35.9%). The ultrasound and arthrography results of the integrity of the articular surface were consistent in 92.3% of the cases, including 23 that were predicted to have an intact articular surface and 13 that were predicted to have an incongruity articular surface. There was no correlation between the displacement and the fracture appearing complete on the ultrasound scan. The Pearson coefficient between ultrasound and arthrography for assessing the integrity of the articular surface was 0.837.Conclusions: Ultrasound and arthrography assessments of the integrity of the cartilage hinge status appear to be highly consistent. Ultrasound can be used as a complementary tool with arthrography to predict the integrity of the cartilage hinge status in children with minimally displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures.Level of evidence: Prospective study; level Ⅱ.

Synovium and capsule

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris P. J. G. Lafeber ◽  
Nick J. Besselink ◽  
Simon C. Mastbergen
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Immunological Surveillance ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Synovium is an integrated tissue of the diarthrodial joints that interacts with all the other joint tissues and specifically is important in nourishment and lubrication of the articular cartilage, removal of waste products, and immunological surveillance. Chronic as well as recurrent low-grade synovial inflammation definitely contributes to progression and symptoms of certain patients with osteoarthritis. Low-grade inflammation may even be causative in the disease. The challenge is that osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous disorder with inflammation not only of the synovial tissue but with its mediators also present in cartilage and bone. Therefore, despite the presence of inflammatory mediators, in some cases synovitis may be seen as a bystander and not as a driving force in pathogenesis. Future research must be directed toward defining the risk-to-benefit ratio for (systemic) anti-inflammatory therapy, especially when targeting mediators of low-grade inflammation.

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