Absorption, Distribution, and Translocation of Nitrogen at Growth Stages in Oilseed Rape Plant

AbstractDouble-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) represent a promising class of biosafe insecticidal compounds. We examined the ability to induce RNA interference (RNAi) in the pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus via anther feeding, and compared short-term (3 d) to chronic (17 d) feeding of various concentrations of dsRNA targeting αCOP (dsαCOP). In short-term dsαCOP feeding, only the highest concentration resulted in significant reductions in B. aeneus survival; whereas in chronic dsαCOP feeding, all three concentrations resulted in significant mortality. Chronic dsαCOP feeding also resulted in significantly greater mortality compared to short-term feeding of equivalent dsαCOP concentrations. Our results have implications for the economics and development of dsRNA spray approaches for managing crop pests, in that multiple lower-concentration dsRNA spray treatments across crop growth stages may result in greater pest management efficacy, compared to single treatments using higher dsRNA concentrations. Furthermore, our results highlight the need for research into the development of RNAi cultivars for oilseed rape protection, given the enhanced RNAi efficacy resulting from chronic, compared to short-term, dsRNA feeding in B. aeneus.

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In-Field Observation of Root Growth and Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency of Winter Oilseed Rape

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Julien Louvieaux ◽

Antoine Leclercq ◽

Loïc Haelterman ◽

Christian Hermans

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Root Development ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽

Uptake Efficiency ◽

N Concentration

Field trials were conducted with two nitrogen applications (0 or 240 kg N ha−1) and three modern cultivars of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) previously selected from a root morphology screen at a young developmental stage. The purpose is to examine the relationship between root morphology and Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency (NUpE) and to test the predictiveness of some canopy optical indices for seed quality and yield. A tube-rhizotron system was used to incorporate below-ground root growth information. Practically, clear tubes of one meter in length were installed in soil at an angle of 45°. The root development was followed with a camera at key growth stages in autumn (leaf development) and spring (stem elongation and flowering). Autumn was a critical time window to observe the root development, and exploration in deeper horizons (36–48 cm) was faster without any fertilization treatment. Analysis of the rhizotron images was challenging and it was not possible to clearly discriminate between cultivars. Canopy reflectance and leaf optical indices were measured with proximal sensors. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was a positive indicator of biomass and seed yield while the Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI) was a positive indicator of above-ground biomass N concentration at flowering and seed N concentration at harvest.

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Effects of selenium content in green parts of plants on the amount of ATP and ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzyme activity at various growth stages of wheat and oilseed rape

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.jplph.2007.04.010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 165 (10) ◽

pp. 1011-1022 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Krzysztof Kąklewski ◽

Janina Nowak ◽

Marek Ligocki

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Selenium Content ◽

Cycle Enzyme ◽

Glutathione Cycle

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Dynamics of dry matter and selenium accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in response to organic and inorganic selenium treatments

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.48346 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 104-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nashmin Ebrahimi ◽

Helinä Hartikainen ◽

Asko Simojoki ◽

Roghieh Hajiboland ◽

Mervi M Seppänen

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Selenium Accumulation ◽

Inorganic Selenium ◽

The Impact

The uptake by and subsequent translocation of selenium (Se) within the plant is dependent on its chemical from and soil properties that dictate this trace element’s bioavailability. Plant species differ in their tendency to accumulate Se. Se taken-up by plants is returned to soil in plant residues, but the bioavailability of organic Se in those residues is poorly known. We investigated the impact of inorganic (Na2SeO4), organic (Se-enriched stem and leaf residues) Se applications and also soil microbial respiration on the growth and Se concentrations of various plant organs of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) during its development from the rosette to the seed filling stage. Both inorganic and organic Se slightly improved plant growth and enhanced plant development. Inorganic Se was more bioavailable than the organic forms and resulted in 3-fold to 6-fold higher Se concentrations in the siliques. Inorganic Se in autoclaved soil tended to elevate the Se concentration in all plant parts and at all growth stages. The organic Se raised Se concentrations in plants much less effectively than the inorganic selenate. Therefore, the use of inorganic Se is still recommended for biofortification.

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Transport and redistribution of nitrogen at late growth stages in different oilseed rape cultivars

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011.2012.01289 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1289-1294

Author(s):

Ming YANG ◽

Hai-Xing SONG ◽

Hao-Ran XU ◽

Qiang LIU ◽

Xiang-Min RONG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Late Growth

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The mineral profile of winter oilseed rape in critical growth stages - potassium

Journal of Elementology ◽

10.5601/jelem.2014.19.3.625 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Witold Szczepaniak ◽

Witold Szczepaniak

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Critical Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Mineral Profile

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Susceptibility of the early growth stages of volunteer oilseed rape to invertebrate predation

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/22/2011-pps ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. Koprdová ◽

P. Saska ◽

A. Honěk ◽

Z. Martinková

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Helix Pomatia ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Invertebrate Predation ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Arion Lusitanicus ◽

Pterostichus Melanarius

Chemical and agronomical control of volunteer plants is difficult, especially in reduced-input cropping systems where feeding by natural herbivores may become an important cause of their mortality. The consumption of the early growth stages of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. napus) by five species of ground-surface invertebrates abundant in rape fields of Central Europe was studied under laboratory conditions. The species were particular in their preferences for growth stages of oilseed rape. The gastropods Arion lusitanicus and Helix pomatia preferred seedlings rather than seeds, whereas all three species of arthropods rejected seedlings. Pseudoophonus rufipes consumed all seed stages with similar intensity, while Pterostichus melanarius readily accepted fresh, dry and imbibed seeds. The overall consumption by the isopod Armadillidium vulgare was low and concentrated on exhumed seeds. Seeds and the early growth stages of oilseed rape are thus susceptible to invertebrate predation, each stage being killed by a specific group of invertebrate predators.   

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Contrasting Patterns of Colonization with Verticillium longisporum in Winter- and Spring-Type Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) in the Field and Greenhouse and the Role of Soil Temperature

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-19-0236-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 2090-2099 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiaorong Zheng ◽

Annette Pfordt ◽

Laxman Khatri ◽

Alice Bisola Eseola ◽

Antonia Wilch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Temporal Pattern ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Juvenile Growth ◽

Root Infection ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Winter Type ◽

Spring Type

Oilseed rape, an important source of vegetable plant oil, is threatened by Verticillium longisporum, a soil-borne vascular fungal pathogen so far occurring in oilseed rape growing regions in Europe and Canada. Despite intensive research into V. longisporum in the last decades in controlled conditions, basic knowledge is still lacking about the time course of infection, temporal pattern of colonization, and disease development on field-grown plants. In this study, colonization of roots, stem bases, and stems with V. longisporum was followed by real-time PCR from the seedling until mature plant stages in 2-year field experiments with microsclerotia-infested plots and either spring-type or autumn-sown (winter-type) oilseed rape cultivars. The temporal pattern of plant colonization differed between greenhouse and field-grown oilseed rape and between spring- and winter-type plants in the field. Within 28 to 35 days, a continuous systemic colonization with V. longisporum was detected in roots and shoots of young plants in the greenhouse associated with significant stunting. In contrast, real-time PCR analysis of V. longisporum in field-grown winter oilseed rape plants displayed a strongly discontinuous colonization pattern with low fungal growth in roots during juvenile growth stages until flowering, whereas in spring oilseed rape, no root colonization was observed until early flowering stages. Hence, stem colonization with the pathogen required 6 months in winter oilseed rape and 1 month in spring oilseed rape from the time of initial root infection. The different patterns of stem colonization were related to soil temperature. Average soil temperatures in 5-cm depth during 7 days before sampling time points from 2 years of field experiments displayed a significant relationship with fungal colonization in the root. A climate chamber inoculation trial with soil temperature levels that varied from 6 to 18°C revealed a threshold temperature of >12°C in the soil to enable root invasion. This soil condition is reached in winter-type oilseed rape in the field in Germany either until the eight-leaf stage in early autumn or after pod stage in spring, whereas in spring-sown oilseed rape early root infection is delayed owing to the cool conditions during juvenile growth stages. The delay of stem colonization in field-grown oilseed rape may explain the lack of stunting as observed in the greenhouse and the previously reported inconsistent effects of V. longisporum on yield levels and seed quality, which were confirmed in this study.

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Changes of Winter Oilseed Rape Plant Survival During Vegetation

Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture ◽

10.1515/plua-2015-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 35-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Oskars Balodis ◽

Zinta Gaile

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Plant Density ◽

Growth Period ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Winter Oilseed Rape ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Plant Survival ◽

Rape Plant ◽

Growing Period ◽

Temperature And Precipitation

Abstract Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) significance among field crops is unchangeable in Latvia in the last decade. Plant density of winter oilseed rape during growth period is influenced by plant development in autumn and plant wintering. The aim of four year (2008 – 2011) research in the LLU Research and Study farm “Vecauce” was to investigate the influence of agronomical factors (sowing date, sowing rate, fungicide (metkonazole)) application and meteorological factors on two type (line, hybrid) winter oilseed rape varieties plant density changes from sowing till harvesting. Plant density in autumn, spring and during harvesting was influenced also by meteorological parameters such as air temperature and precipitation. On four year average, field germination was observed from 66% to 95%. Sowing date significantly (p<0.05) impacted plant survival during winters in all trial years for both varieties – ‘Californium’ and ‘Excalibur’, except for ‘Excalibur’ in the year 2008. Plant survival during winter for ‘Excalibur’ (hybrid) was higher compared to ‘Californium’ (line). Higher plant losses during winter were noted on the latest sowing date for both varieties. Winter oilseed rape plant survival was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by fungicide as growth regulator application in autumn in any trial year. Influence of sowing date and sowing rate on the total plant density at harvest time was significant in all trial years (p<0.05) for both varieties. At higher sowing rate the plant loss during growing period was higher than at lower rates.

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