scholarly journals Susceptibility of the early growth stages of volunteer oilseed rape to invertebrate predation

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Koprdová ◽  
P. Saska ◽  
A. Honěk ◽  
Z. Martinková
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Invertebrate Predation ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Arion Lusitanicus ◽  
Pterostichus Melanarius

Chemical and agronomical control of volunteer plants is difficult, especially in reduced-input cropping systems where feeding by natural herbivores may become an important cause of their mortality. The consumption of the early growth stages of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. napus) by five species of ground-surface invertebrates abundant in rape fields of Central Europe was studied under laboratory conditions. The species were particular in their preferences for growth stages of oilseed rape. The gastropods Arion lusitanicus and Helix pomatia preferred seedlings rather than seeds, whereas all three species of arthropods rejected seedlings. Pseudoophonus rufipes consumed all seed stages with similar intensity, while Pterostichus melanarius readily accepted fresh, dry and imbibed seeds. The overall consumption by the isopod Armadillidium vulgare was low and concentrated on exhumed seeds. Seeds and the early growth stages of oilseed rape are thus susceptible to invertebrate predation, each stage being killed by a specific group of invertebrate predators.   

scholarly journals Dynamics of dry matter and selenium accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in response to organic and inorganic selenium treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashmin Ebrahimi ◽  
Helinä Hartikainen ◽  
Asko Simojoki ◽  
Roghieh Hajiboland ◽  
Mervi M Seppänen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Selenium Accumulation ◽  
Inorganic Selenium ◽  
The Impact

The uptake by and subsequent translocation of selenium (Se) within the plant is dependent on its chemical from and soil properties that dictate this trace element’s bioavailability. Plant species differ in their tendency to accumulate Se. Se taken-up by plants is returned to soil in plant residues, but the bioavailability of organic Se in those residues is poorly known. We investigated the impact of inorganic (Na2SeO4), organic (Se-enriched stem and leaf residues) Se applications and also soil microbial respiration on the growth and Se concentrations of various plant organs of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) during its development from the rosette to the seed filling stage. Both inorganic and organic Se slightly improved plant growth and enhanced plant development. Inorganic Se was more bioavailable than the organic forms and resulted in 3-fold to 6-fold higher Se concentrations in the siliques. Inorganic Se in autoclaved soil tended to elevate the Se concentration in all plant parts and at all growth stages. The organic Se raised Se concentrations in plants much less effectively than the inorganic selenate. Therefore, the use of inorganic Se is still recommended for biofortification.

scholarly journals Warm and Wet Autumns Favour Yield Losses of Oilseed Rape Caused by Phoma Stem Canker

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Andrzej Brachaczek ◽  
Joanna Kaczmarek ◽  
Malgorzata Jedryczka
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is the main source of domestic oil in central and northern Europe, bringing profits to farmers, but the plants are often damaged by stem canker, caused by two fungal species belonging to the genus Leptosphaeria. Due to environmental concerns, the benefits of fungicide applications must outweigh disadvantages. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of stem canker on seed yield and its quality and find out the best timing of fungicide application. The multi-year field experiments were done at two sites in south-west Poland, where the disease is regarded as a serious problem. The fungicide treatments with the azole-containing preparation followed the same scheme each year; a single application was made at one-week intervals, starting in late September through mid-November for a total of eight treatments. Seed yield, oil and protein content, mass of thousand seeds as well as indole-and alkenyl-glucosinolate contents in seeds were statistically unrelated with the incidence and severity of phoma leaf spotting and stem canker symptoms. The significant decrease of the seed yield was observed in three (site × year combinations) of eight, in which phoma leaf spotting and stem canker were severe. Yield loss was noted only in years with warm and wet autumns, when cumulative mean temperatures between BBCH14 and BBCH19 plant growth stages exceeded 60 °C and precipitation in this period exceeded 110 mm of rain. Under these conditions, fungicide treatments were highly effective when they were done between BBCH15–BBC16 growth stages (5–6 true leaves).

scholarly journals Determination of the Titanium Contents in the Winter Oilseed Rape Plants (Brassica napus L.) by the Application of Fertilizer Containing Titanium

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kováčik ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Pavel Ryant ◽  
Marek Renčo ◽  
Jozef Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Plant Sampling

In order to obtain the information about changes of titanium contents in the phytomass during the growing season of winter oilseed rape and about the titanium contents drawn by the rape yield during two farming years the small plot field trial was established. In the trial the fertilizer Mg-Titanit (MgTi) containing 8.5 g of titanium in 1 liter was used. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments. 0 – control treatment without MgTi fertilizer; 2xTi0.2 – two applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.2 l/ha; 3xTi0.2 – three applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.2 l/ha; 2xTi0.4 – two applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.4 l/ha; 3xTi0.4 – three applications of MgTi in the dose of 0.4 l/ha. The fertilizer was applied in spring during two, or three different growth stages: BBCH 50, BBCH 59, BBCH 66. The first plant sampling was carried out shortly before the first application of fertilizer (BBCH 50). The second, third and fourth sampling was taken 2–3 weeks after the application of Mg-Titanitu (BBCH 59, BBCH 66, BBCH 71). The obtained results showed that the titanium content in the phytomass of rape was falling during the monitored period. The titanium content in the rape aboveground phytomass varied in the interval from 16.81 to 67.6 mg/kg and in the root in the interval from 56.6 to 258.81 mg/kg. The titanium application on plant leaves in the quantities from 3.4 to 10.2 g per hectare of soil did not have the unambiguous impact on the titanium content in the rape phytomass. In the yield of one tonne of seed and appropriate quantity of rape straw on average 20 grams of titanium was taken in.

Problem Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean with Glyphosate Tank Mixes and Soil-Applied Herbicides

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Avishek Datta ◽  
Jon Scott ◽  
Robert N. Klein ◽  
Jeff Golus
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Crop Planting

Although glyphosate controls many plant species, certain broadleaf weeds in Nebraska's cropping systems exhibit various levels of tolerance to the labeled rates of this herbicide, including ivyleaf morningglory, Venice mallow, yellow sweetclover, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, kochia, Russian thistle, and field bindweed. Therefore, two field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 at Concord and North Platte, NE, to evaluate performance of (1) seven preemergence (PRE) herbicides and (2) glyphosate tank mixes applied postemergence (POST) at three application times for control of eight weed species that are perceived as problem weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Nebraska. The PRE herbicides, including sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron, pendimethalin plus imazethapyr, imazaquin, and pendimethalin plus imazethapyr plus imazaquin provided more than 85% control of most weed species tested in this study 28 d after treatment (DAT). However, sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron and pendimethalin plus imazethapyr plus imazaquin were the only PRE treatments that provided more than 80% control of most weed species 60 DAT. In the POST glyphosate tank-mix study, the level of weed control was significantly affected by the timing of herbicide application; control generally decreased as weed height increased. In general, glyphosate tank mixes applied at the first two application times (early or mid-POST) with half label rates of lactofen, imazamox, imazethapyr, fomesafen, imazaquin, or acifluorfen, provided more than 80% control of all species that were 20 to 30 cm tall except ivyleaf morningglory, Venice mallow, yellow sweetclover, and field bindweed. Glyphosate tank mixes applied late POST with lactofen, imazethapyr, or imazaquin provided more than 70% control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, kochia, and Russian thistle that were 30 to 50 cm tall. Overall, glyphosate tank mixes with half label rates of chlorimuron or acifluorfen were the best treatments; they provided more than 80% control of all the studied weed species when applied at early growth stages. Results of this study suggested that mixing glyphosate with other POST broadleaf herbicides, or utilizing soil-applied herbicides after crop planting helped effectively control most problematic weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Nebraska.

scholarly journals One-Time Foliar Application and Continuous Resupply via Roots Equally Improved the Growth and Physiological Response of B-Deficient Oilseed Rape

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Anh Quang Dinh ◽  
Asif Naeem ◽  
Amit Sagervanshi ◽  
Karl H. Mühling
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Boron

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a high-boron (B)-demanding crop, and initially, normal growing plants might show B deficiency at advanced growth stages on soils with marginal B availability. Hence, we compared the effects of B resupply via roots and leaves on growth and physiological response, and relative expression of B transporters in B-deficient oilseed rape plants. Four-week-old plants initially grown with inadequate B (1 µM B for the first two weeks and 0.25 µM B for the next two weeks) were later grown either as such with 0.25 µM B, with 25 µM B in nutrient solution or foliar sprayed with 7 mL of 30, 60 and 150 mM B solution plant−1 as boric acid. Plants grown with 25 µM B in the nutrient solution from the beginning were included as adequate B treatment. Results showed that B resupply to B-deficient plants via roots and leaves (60 mM B) equally improved root and shoot dry matter, but not to the level of plants grown with adequate B supply. Foliar-applied 150 mM B proved toxic, causing leaf burn but not affecting dry matter. Resupply of B via roots increased B concentration in roots and leaves, while leaf-applied B did so only in leaves. Net carbon assimilation had a positive relationship with dry matter accumulation. Except for the highest foliar B level, B resupply via roots and leaves increased the accumulation of glucose, fructose and sucrose in leaves. Boron-deficient plants showed significant upregulation of BnaNIP5;1 in leaves and roots and of BnaBOR1;2 in roots. Boron resupply via roots reversed the B-deficiency-induced upregulation of BnaNIP5;1 in roots, whereas the expression of BnaBOR1;2 was reversed by both root and foliar B resupply. In leaves, B resupply by both methods reversed the expression of BnaNIP5;1 to the level of B-adequate plants. It is concluded that B resupply to B-deficient plants via roots and leaves equally but partially corrected B deficiency in B. napus grown in hydroponics.

Importance of tolerance and growth rate in the resistance of oilseed rapes and mustards to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Brandt ◽  
R. J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phyllotreta Cruciferae ◽  
Flea Beetles

The resistance of oilseed rapes and mustards to crucifer flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is known to vary, and tolerance to feeding damage may be a factor in the resistance shown by two of the species. The tolerance of Brassica juncea L., Brassica napus L., Brassica rapa L. and Sinapis alba L. was compared in field and laboratory studies. The growth rates of damaged and undamaged plants were measured at four early growth stages, and the level of antixenosis was determined to ascertain the relative importance of tolerance and antixenosis and the relationship between tolerance and growth rate. Antixenosis was confirmed to be a factor in the resistance of S. alba, but this species also proved to be most tolerant of feeding damage and showed rapid compensatory growth at three early growth stages. Brassica juncea showed no antixenosis, but it was tolerant of damage particularly at germination, the cotyledon stage, and the first true leaf stages, which probably accounts for its resistance to moderate flea beetle damage. Brassica rapa showed only a very low level of tolerance, and B. napus was intolerant of damage at all four growth stages. The level of tolerance was species specific and growth-stage specific and was not related to the rates of growth of the species. Key words: Insecta, antixenosis, canola, crucifer flea beetles

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document