Effects of Nitrogen Management on Protein Expression of Flag Leaves during Grain-filling Period in Large Panicle Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xing ZHANG ◽  
Zhong LI ◽  
Jun CHEN ◽  
Qi-Song LI ◽  
Long-Huai CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Protein Expression of Flag Leaves at Grain-Filling Stage in Large Panicle Rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xing ZHANG ◽  
Zhong LI ◽  
Jun CHEN ◽  
Qi-Song LI ◽  
Long-Huai CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals Dynamics of phytohormones and their relationship with chalkiness of early indica rice under different post-anthesis temperature regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Mohammed Humayun Kabir ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
Langtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Early Indica Rice

A pot experiment on an early indica rice cv. ‘Shenyou9576’ was conducted in the net house of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China during the early growing season of 2013 to investigate the influence of varying temperatures on chalkiness rate, head rice rate, and phytohormones, namely indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1 and GA4), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) both in flag leaves and grain endosperm during grain filling period. The treatments comprised three temperature regimes which are designated as the high (35/28oC- day/night), low (25/20oC- day/night) and natural condition as the control (35/25oC- day/night). The results showed that the maximum chalkiness rate was 61.11% under high temperature and the minimum (22.59%) under low temperature. The lowest head rice rate was 42.76% under high temperature followed by 49.91% in the control, while the highest (62.33%) under low temperature. The contents of GA1, GA4, Z and ZR were decreased gradually from 7 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) irrespective of treatments. IAA content began to decrease from 14 DAA and continued up to 35 DAA and ABA was reduced from 28 to 35 DAA under low temperature in comparison to control and high temperature. ABA content was increased from 7 to 21 DAA and then declined at high temperature. The results showed that contents of GA1, GA4, Z, ZR were high at low temperature compared to high temperature and control. IAA content was also high during grain development period at low temperature except 7 DAA. Higher phytohormone contents were observed in endosperm than in flag leaves. Phytohormone content ratio (endosperm: flag leaves) was found highest in IAA and the lowest in GA1. A significant positive correlation was found between ABA and chalkiness rate during early to mid grain filling period, while significant negative correlations were noticed between chalkiness rate and other phytohormones during grain filling period. Correlation results revealed that increased level of ABA during early to mid grain filing period caused by high temperature was more responsible for development of chalkiness.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 53-65, March 2017

Control of Grain Yield by Sink Capacity and Assimilate Supply in Various Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukai ◽  
L. Li ◽  
P. T. Vizmonte ◽  
K. S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Sink Capacity ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Grain Filling Period

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify whether grain yield in four contrasting rice cultivars is limited by supply of assimilate to fill the grains or by sink capacity to accept the assimilate. Grain yield was limited mostly by sink capacity, with little variation in single grain weight among cultivars, but an old cultivar showed some ability to adjust single grain weight. Sink capacity was very sensitive to variation in assimilate supply immediately after anthesis. Reduction in assimilate supply in the anthesis to early grain filling period reduced filled grain percentage and grain yield, particularly in high yielding cultivars with a large number of grains per panicle.

Effects of High Temperature on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Flag Leaves of Wheat During Grain Filling Period

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping LIU ◽  
Wen-shan GUO ◽  
Han-chun PU ◽  
Chao-nian FENG ◽  
Xin-kai ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Grain Filling Period

scholarly journals Rapid PCD Process Promotes Early Maturity in Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Zhao ◽  
Wenrong Xu ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Lingchao Meng ◽  
Weimin Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Abstract Background: Shorter grain-filling period and rapid endosperm development contributes to early maturity in weedy rice (Oryza sativa L. f. spontanea). However, the differences in programmed cell death (PCD) process and anti-oxidative enzymes system in the caryopsis between weedy and cultivated rice are largely unexplored. Main Text: we selected four biotypes of weedy rice and associated cultivated rice (ACR, Oryza sativa) from different latitudes to conduct a common garden experiment. The difference of PCD process between weedy rice and ACR was compared by chemical staining, and the cell viability and nuclear morphometry of endosperm cells were observed by optical microscopy, and anti-oxidative enzymes activity were also measured during grain filling. We found that the PCD progress in weedy rice was more rapid and earlier than that in ACR. The percentage of degraded nuclei of weedy rice were 10%-83% higher than that of ACR. Endosperm cells in weedy rice lost cell viability 2-8 days earlier than that in ACR. The anti-oxidant enzymes activity of weedy rice were lower than that of ACR during grain filling. The ability of weedy rice to scavenge reactive oxygen species is weaker than that of ACR, which may contribute to the rapid PCD process in the endosperm cells of weedy rice. Conclusion: The rapid PCD process and weaker ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species in endosperm cells lead to the shorter grain-filling period of weedy rice.

scholarly journals Contrasting response of biomass and grain yield to severe drought in Cappelle Desprez and Plainsman V wheat cultivars

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Paul ◽  
János Pauk ◽  
Zsuzsanna Deák ◽  
László Sass ◽  
Imre Vass
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Filling Period

We report a case study of natural variations and correlations of some photosynthetic parameters, green biomass and grain yield in Cappelle Desprez and Plainsman V winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars, which are classified as being drought sensitive and tolerant, respectively. We monitored biomass accumulation from secondary leaves in the vegetative phase and grain yield from flag leaves in the grain filling period. Interestingly, we observed higher biomass production, but lower grain yield stability in the sensitive Cappelle cultivar, as compared to the tolerant Plainsman cv. Higher biomass production in the sensitive variety was correlated with enhanced water-use efficiency. Increased cyclic electron flow around PSI was also observed in the Cappelle cv. under drought stress as shown by light intensity dependence of the ratio of maximal quantum yields of Photosystem I and Photosystem II, as well by the plot of the Photosystem I electron transport rate as a function of Photosystem II electron transport rate. Higher CO2uptake rate in flag leaves of the drought-stressed Plainsman cv. during grain filling period correlates well with its higher grain yield and prolonged transpiration rate through spikes. The increase in drought factor (DFI) and performance (PI) indices calculated from variable chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of secondary leaves also showed correlation with higher biomass in the Cappelle cultivar during the biomass accumulation period. However, during the grain filling period, DFI and PI parameters of the flag leaves were higher in the tolerant Plainsman V cultivar and showed correlation with grain yield stability. Our results suggest that overall biomass and grain yield may respond differentially to drought stress in different wheat cultivars and therefore phenotyping for green biomass cannot be used as a general approach to predict grain yield. We also conclude that photosynthetic efficiency of flag and secondary leaves is correlated with grain yield and green biomass, respectively. In addition, secondary trait associated mechanisms like delayed senescence and higher water-use efficiency also contribute to biomass stability. Our studies further prove that photosynthetic parameters could be used to characterize environmental stress responses.

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