scholarly journals The duality of attachment pattern: Trait attachment and state attachment

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Chenglong JIA ◽  
Tingting LIU ◽  
Li SUN ◽  
Jinliang QIN
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Sadia Saleem ◽  
Namra S. Qureshi ◽  
Zahid Mahmood

Background: Infertility is one of the fastest growing concerns when it comes to reproductive health and most often, women get the blame. Consequently, females suffer from major psycho-social and emotional problems that may lead to serious mental health concerns.Methods: To fill the gap in literature, a cross-sectional research design was used to measure the attachment styles with spouse, perceived social support, and predict mental health problems in women attending infertility clinics with ages ranging from 19-45 (M 27.21, SD 4.79). Adult Attachment Questionnaire, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used among experimental subjects selected through purposive sampling technique.Results: About 32% women reported themselves as secure, 49% as ambivalent, and 19% as avoidant in their attachment style with spouse. The results revealed that a significant negative correlation exists between perceived social support and mental health problems among women with infertility. Moreover, women who identify their attachment pattern as Ambivalent perceive less social support and experience more mental health problems.Conclusions: Education is one of the strongest predictors of how likely infertility is to cause mental health issues while Attachment style is another strong indicator since infertile women with secure attachment pattern have fewer mental health problems. However, the sample size was modest to make any wide-scale assumptions, so further trials with larger participant pools must be performed. Additionally, future studies should include both rural and urban samples with different psychological variables to find the similarities and differences between various groups of people with diverse backgrounds.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
Barry Coughlan ◽  
Tess Marshall-Andon ◽  
Julie Anderson ◽  
Sophie Reijman ◽  
Robbie Duschinsky

Distinguishing autism spectrum behaviors from behaviors relating to disorganized attachment can be challenging. There is, for instance, a notable overlap between both conditions in terms of behaviors deemed stereotypical. In addition, there are also similarities regarding some atypical social overtures. Responding to this overlap has been the subject for much debate in the literature. Disorganized attachment was first introduced and conceptualized by the attachment researcher, Mary Main. Main is considered the leading authority on coding this phenomenon. During the course of archival research, we obtained Main’s notes on coding attachment in a group of 15 children with autism spectrum conditions (hereafter ASC). Drawing on these texts, this article explores Main’s reasoning when making distinctions between ASC and attachment at the behavioral level. Our approach is informed by Chang’s argument for the potential of “history as complementary science.” Analysis indicates that, for Main, frequency and timing were important differential factors when attributing a behavior to either ASC or the child’s attachment pattern.


2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chris Fraley

A central tenet of attachment theory is that a person's attachment pattern in adulthood is a reflection of his or her attachment history—-beginning with the person's earliest attachment relationships. However, the precise way in which early representations might shape adult attachment patterns is ambiguous, and different perspectives on this issue have evolved in the literature. According to the prototype perspective, representations of early experiences are retained over time and continue to play an influential role in attachment behavior throughout the life course. In contrast, the revisionist perspective holds that early representations are subject to modification on the basis of new experiences and therefore may or may not reflect patterns of attachment later in life. In this article, I explore and test mathematical models of each of these theoretical processes on the basis of longitudinal data obtained from meta-analysis. Results indicate that attachment security is moderately stable across the first 19 years of life and that patterns of stability are best accounted for by prototype dynamics.


2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRYSTAL DEVITO ◽  
JOYCE HOPKINS

The aim of this study was to examine if an insecure coercive attachment pattern is associated with disruptive behavior in preschoolers, as well as to examine the concurrent and joint effects of attachment pattern, marital dissatisfaction, and ineffective parenting practices on disruptive behavior. Participants included 60 preschoolers and their mothers, recruited from three sites to ensure an adequate range of disruptive behavior. The Preschool Assessment of Attachment (Crittenden, 1992) was used to measure attachment pattern. Results of an analysis of variance revealed that children in the coercively attached dyads scored significantly higher on the measure of disruptive behavior than either the defended or secure children. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the combination of a coercive pattern of attachment, marital dissatisfaction, and permissive parenting practices accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in disruptive behavior in preschoolers. These data suggest that a specific type of insecure attachment, a coercive pattern, is associated with disruptive behavior in preschoolers. Also, the data are consistent with previous findings of associations among marital dissatisfaction, ineffective parenting practices, and disruptive behavior.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Stephanie Green Lauridsen ◽  
Kathrine G. Nissen ◽  
Mette Skovgaard Væver

Hvordan håndterer vi negative emotioner, og hvordan påvirker det konflikter i nære relationer? Tilknytningsteorien er velegnet som en ramme til at beskrive og forstå, hvordan voksne håndterer emotioner og konflikter i parforholdet. Artiklen evaluerer på baggrund af en systematisk litteratursøgning den nyeste forskning, der er publiceret i perioden 2000 – 2015, og som undersøger sammenhængen mellem voksnes tilknytningsmønstre (AAI) og den måde, som voksne håndterer konflikter i parforholdsrelationen. Ti studier opfyldte inklusionskriterierne. Reviewet viste, at i ni ud af ti studier har tilknytningsmønsteret betydning for konfliktadfærden i parforholdet. Således at utrygt tilknyttede viser en mere negativ adfærd, såsom kritik og afvisninger, hvor trygt tilknyttede viser en mere positiv adfærd, såsom empati og åbenhed. Desuden vil utrygt tilknyttede vise en mindre effektiv omsorgsadfærd, da utrygt tilknyttede er mindre bevidste om partnerens følelser og intentioner, hvor trygt tilknyttede vil respondere sensitivt og nøjagtigt på partnerens behov. Med det lave antal af inkluderede studier taget i betragtning, så ses der en tendens til, at tilknytningsmønsteret hos voksne i 30’erne guider konfliktadfærden i parforholdet. Tilknytningsteorien og den empiriske forskning i konfliktadfærd giver sundhedsprofessionelle indsigt i emotionelle processer og kan være med til at svare på, hvorfor nogle par sammenlignet med andre bliver fanget i uhensigtsmæssige strategier i konflikter. Det er relevant for den videre forskning at undersøge, om tilknytningsteoriens hypoteser kan generaliseres på tværs af generationer. Emotions and conflicts in adult close relationships: A systematic review of the impact of adult attachment on conflict behavior. How do we deal with negative emotions, and how do they affect conflicts in close relationships? Attachment theory is a suitable framework to describe and understand how adults handle emotions and conflicts in their relationships. This article is based on a systematic literature search identifying recent research, i.e., published from 2000 till 2015, which examines attachment pattern with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and the way couples manage conflicts in their romantic relationships. The review shows that in nine out of ten studies the attachment pattern guides the couples’ behaviour during conflicts in romantic relationships. Insecurely attached couples showed more negative behaviour, such as criticism and rejection, whereas securely attached couples showed a more positive behaviour, such as empathy and openness. Likewise, insecurely attached couples showed less effective caregiving behaviour, whereas securely attached couples responded sensitively and accurately to the needs of their partners. Bearing in mind the small number of included studies, it is seen that there is a tendency for the attachment pattern in adults in their thirties to guide their behavior during conflicts in their relationships. Attachment theory and empirical research on conflict behavior give health professionals insight into emotional processes, and can help answer why some couples become trapped in inappropriate strategies during conflicts. Though there is a noticeable trend, there is a need for further research, due to the small number of studies.


Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Raffaela Lesch ◽  
Kurt Kotrschal ◽  
Iris Schöberl ◽  
Andrea Beetz ◽  
Judith Solomon ◽  
...  

Companion animal-directed speech (CADS) has previously been investigated in comparison to infant-directed speech and adult-directed speech. To investigate the influence of owner caregiving, attachment pattern, and personality on CADS, we used the Ainsworth strange situation procedure. It allowed us to assess voice source parameters of CADS across different contexts. We extracted speech parameters (voicing duration, voice pitch, pitch range, and jitter) from 53 dog owners recorded during the procedure. We found that owner personality and gender but not caregiving/attachment behavior affect their voice’s pitch, range, and jitter during CADS. Further, we found a differential and context-specific modification of pitch and range, consistent with the idea that pitch communicates affect, whereas range is more of an attention-getting device. This differential usage, and the increased pitch, emphasize and support the parallels described between CADS and infant-directed speech. For the first time, we also show the effect of personality on CADS and lay the basis for including jitter as a potentially useful measure in CADS.


2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
Chiara Pazzagli ◽  
Loredana Laghezza ◽  
Giulia Radi ◽  
Dalila Battistini ◽  
...  

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Anolli ◽  
Michela Balconi

The paper examined the Adult Attachment Interview with special reference to thematic and semantic analysis in line with the discourse study (van Dijk, 1997). The hypothesis was that correspondence between the communicative organization of speech and the mental representations of the attachment experiences would be substantial Eight Adult Attachment Interview transcripts of fathers with a heroin addicted young son were analyzed at two levels, (a) thematic analysis to individuate the topics of their talk applying the structural and semantic study of discourse and (b) enunciative analysis of speech to define their linguistic patterns utilizing a set of linguistic micro- and macro-units. Results showed nine main topics in the Adult Attachment Interview, each of which was characterized by a distinctive linguistic profile. In this perspective this device seems to be effective not only for discriminating attachment styles between subjects but also to identify differences within subjects belonging to the same attachment pattern.


Psihologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Juen ◽  
Lisa Arnold ◽  
Dominik Meissner ◽  
Tobias Nolte ◽  
Anna Buchheim

This paper summarizes findings and clinical implications of research on attachment disorganization in diverse clinical groups. Disorganized/unresolved attachment is overrepresented in these groups compared to healthy control participants, but disorder specific characteristics of this attachment pattern are still poorly understood. The focus of this study was to explore defensive processes in participants whose narratives were classified as disorganized/unresolved using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Besides the predominance of disorganized attachment, clinical participants demonstrated more ?segregated system material? especially in stories representing aloneness and more ?Personal Experience material? compared to healthy individuals. Within the disorganized/ unresolved clinical individuals, BPD and PTSD patients showed the highest proportion of attachment disorganization and were less able to use other attachment-related defenses to maintain organized. Furthermore, PTSD patients were emotionally overwhelmed by the projective attachment scenes compared to the other clinical groups as indexed by an incapacity to complete sections of the AAP. BPD and addicted patients were characterized by a high degree of self-other boundary confusion. Depressive and schizophrenic patients showed a high overall defensive intensity to remain organized.


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